精神科 入院의 季節的 變動

吳碩煥,朴助烈,裵大均,金錫柱,韓東大,張貞富,柳志珍 大韓神經精神醫學會 1964 신경정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

(1) Authors studied seasonal fluctuation of psychiatric admission preliminarily, based on data of admission to Pusan area for a 4 year period of 1960-1963, and obtained following impressions. (2) The rate of admission in Pusan area and its seasonal fluctuation appear quite similar to those reported by investigators for European, American and Japanese cities. Thus the admission increases in spring and reaches the maximum in May and then gradually decreases toward the end of year. (3) The data obtained by statistical analysis of the seasonal fluctuation in Pusan area were compared with those of foreign ones in order to observe how to be related to the latitude of the locality. It is the general tendency that the lower latitude showed increase of admission in earlier months of the year than the higher latitude did. (4) It is a impression that the admission of affective psychoses are more sensitive to the climatic factors than the schizophrenics. (5) It is conjured by the authors that the socio-cultural and economic factors should be considered to give an account of the seasonal fluctuation of psychiatric admission.

위암 주위 점막에서 장화생과 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) 표출과의 관계에 대한 연구

윤석중,강상균,김창진 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

Stomach carcinoma is the most common tumor in Korea and it's pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated. Through vast histologic studies on the mucosa adjacent to the carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia was known as one of the possible candidates for the precancerous lesion of gastric carcinoma. Moreover, further close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma was brought out by several lines of study showing that alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, which are oncofetal protein expressed frequently in malignant tumor or transforming growth factor alpha, which is mitogenic oncoprotein, are expressed in metaplastic mucosa. To investigate the close relationship between intestinal metaplasia(IM) and gastric carcinoma, immunohistochemical expression of carcinoembryonic antigen was studied on the mucosa adjacent to gastric carcinoma(n=90), to peptic ulcer(n=20) and on normal mucosa resected for duodenal ulcer(n=20). The results were as follows; 1. Among 90 gastric carcinomas, type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia were 11(24%), 25(28%) and 32(36%) respectively. 2. CEA was expressed in 45% of type Ⅰ metaplasia, 84% of type Ⅱ metaplasia and 91% of type Ⅲ metaplasia. 3. Among 20 cases of peptic ulcer, 15 cases(75%) showed type Ⅰ metaplasia, while type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ metaplasia were 2 cases(10%) each. 4. CEA was expressed in 80% of type Ⅰ metaplasia, and all 2 cases of type Ⅱ a nd typeⅢ metaplasia showed CEA positivity. 5. Among 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa resected due to duodenal ulcer, type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ metaplasia were found in 13 cases(65%), 3 cases(15%) and 2 cases(10%) respectively. 6. CEA was expressed in 9(69%) among 13 cases of type Ⅰ metaplasia, in 2(67%) among 3 cases of type Ⅱ metaplasia and in all 2(100%) cases of type Ⅲ metaplasia. Above results suggest that the mucosa adjacent to gastric carcinoma show frequent sulphomucin secreting incomplete intestinal metaplasia and most of the metaplastic lesion express CEA, which imply close relationship between sulphomucin secreting intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis. However, the metaplasia occurred in the mucosa adjacent to peptic ulcer or in normal mucosa resected dor duodenal ulcer showed CEA positivity as well, though the number of cases is not enough. Therefore, further studies on the relationship between sulphomucin secreting intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma should be done to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastric carci

공간 데이터에 대한 최근접 질의 처리에 관한 연구

이석균,류승환 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

In spatial database systems, various kinds of queries exist. A frequent type of queries in spatial database systems is the query to find nearest neighbors. Many studies have been performed on processing such queries, and one representative work, which uses index structure of R-tree family, is 「Nearest Neighbor Queries」 by Roussopoulos. However, the algorithm proposed by Roussopoulos has suffered perfomance decrease during searching, since his algorithm does not utilize all the information on the nodes already visited. In this paper, in order to resolve this problem, we present an improved algorithm to find nearest neighbors using a global priority queue. Finally, by experimenting these algorithms on various test data, we show that the performance of our improved algorithm is superior to the Roussopoulos's algorithm.

토끼 눈물샘에서 Nitric Oxide Synthase의 면역조직화학적 연구

박경호,이석호,고정식,안의태,박대균 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Endogenous nitric oxide(NO) has been known to regulate many physiological and pathological process, especially the salivary secretion and glandular blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase(NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied in rabbit lacrimal gland. The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms(endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in inferior lacrimal of the rabbit. Endothelial NOS(eNOS)-positive immunoreactivities were observed in arterial endothelia, intralobular ducts and interlobular ducts of the inferior lacrimal gland of the rabbit. eNOS-positive immunoreactivities were most prominent in the interlobular and intralobular ducts. Immunoreactivities were well concentrated in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial duct cells. However, weak eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was observed in the intercalated ducts and vascular endothelial cells. Neuronal NOS(nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was seen in the nerve fibers of inferior lacrimal gland. nNOS-positive immunoreactivy was not detected in duct systems or in acinar cells. Inducible NOS-positive immunoreactivity was not seen. Especially, the expression of the nNOS in the nerves of lacrimal gland suggest that NO may play a role in modulating tear production. These results reveal the presence of eNOS and nNOS in the lacrimal gland of the rabbit, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through the gland.

용인정신병원에 내원한 행려정신질환자들의 특성에 관한 조사

강희찬,오석배,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.1

This retrospective survey was designed to investigate the socio-demographic and psychiatric characteristics, and to clarify the tentative course of homeless mentally ill patients. One hundred and twelve homeless mentally ill patients who had been admitted to Yong-In Mental Hospital were selected during the period of March 1983 to Feb.1984. The results were as follows: 1)Sex ratio of the 112 subjects was 1: 1.5. Of these subjects, three-fourths were under 40 and 9 percent were above 50 years old. 2)Fifty-three percent had never married and 24percent already had divorced or seperated. Among above 30 of age, 41 percent had never marred ad 45 percent already had divorced or seperated. Seventy-three percent of men were unmarried. The proportion of divorced of women was higher than that of men. 3)Sixty-seven percent of the subjects were schizophrenia, 7 percent affective disorder, 8 percent alcohol dependency or alcoholic psychosis, 6 percent organic brain syndrome, and 9 percent epilepsy and mental retardation respectively. 4)Eighty five percent had more than two year of morbid duration and most of them took chronic course. 5)Fifty percent had history of previous psychiatric hospitalization, and 46 percent had history of asylum institutionalization. Only 23 percent had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. 6)sixty three percent were hospitalized at Yong-In Mental Hospital over six-months. 7)referral sources at admission of Yong-In Mental Hospital were police, asylum and general hospital which 50 percent by police, 44percent asylum and 6 percent from general hospital. Thirty three percent of the 72 discharged patients were discharged by relatives(including family), and 51 percent have been referred to asylum. 8)The authors compared the characteristics, that of age, sex, marital status, clinical diagnosis, morbid duration admission duration and route of discharge between fresh cases who had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. Also the authors compared the characteristics including history of previous psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization and source of referral between subgroup with relatives and subgroup without relatives.

공극이 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 부재의 휨내력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실물 실험 연구

오명호,김도균,조석희,김한수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The deterioration ratio of flexural capacity in the beams reinforced with carbon fiber sheets due to the gap between concrete surface and sheet is presented through the experimental study using full-scale members. Experiment results show that bond failure occurred in all specimens. The deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom are 6%, 8% and 11% when the gap ratios are 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Also, the deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom and the sides are 5%, 8%, 11% and 16% when the gap ratios are 10%. 20%, 30% and 40%. respectively.

정신분열병 환자에서 Haloperidol이 99m-Tc-ECD SPECT로 측정한 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향

천근아,이종두,민성길,김세주,안석균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자에서의 뇌혈류량은 약리학적 상태를 포함한 다양한 요소들에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향에 관한 많은 연구가 행해져 왔으나 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간, 약물용량의 차이로 인해 다양하고도 상반된 결과를 보여왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간을 통제한 상태에서 약물 투여시 국소뇌혈류량의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 항정신병약물 비노출(antipsychotic drug-naive) 정신분열병 환자 18명과 haloperidol을 투여받은 환자 19명을 대상으로 안정 상태(resting state)에서 SPECT를 촬영하여 국소뇌혈류량을 측정한 후 두군 사이의 상대적 뇌혈류량을 비교하였다. Haloperidol은 D2 수용체에 비교적 선택적으로 작용하고 활성대사산물이 적기 때문에 실험약물로 선택되었고 약물노출기간은 1∼3주동안으로 제한하였다. 결 과 : 우측 저측두엽, 좌측 저전두엽, 좌·우측 기저신경절, 좌측 시상에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 halo-peridol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 또한 좌·우측 두정-후두엽과 우측 두정엽에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표도 haloperidol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 반면 좌측 저측두엽의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 haloperidol 투여군에서 항정신병약물 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 그러나 우측 저전두엽, 우측 시상, 좌·우측 고측두엽, 좌·우측 고전두엽, 좌측 두정엽에서 두 군 사이의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 영향을 미치며, 항정신병약물 투여상태가 뇌혈류량 측정시 고려되어야할 중요한 변수임을 시사한다. Objectives : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in schizophrenics is confounded by various factors including medication status. Previously, there have been numerous studies regarding the effects of antipsychotics on rCBF. However, these works have shown contradictory and inconsistent findings due to the different of type, dose and exposed duration of antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antipsychotic medication on rCBF and exposed duration of antipsychotics under control. Methods : Eighteen drug-naive schizophrenics and 19 schizophrenics medicated with halo-peridol were included in the study. Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) under a resting state. Relative rCBF was compared between two groups. Haloperidol was selected as the antipsychotic drug as it has relatively selective action at the D2 receptor and less active metabolites. Exposed duration was limited from one to three weeks. Results : Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significantly greater increase of relative cerebral perfusion in the right inferior temporal lobe, left inferior frontal lobe, both basal ganglia, left thalamus, both parieto-occipital lobes, and right parietal lobe than drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significant decrease of relative cerebral perfusion in left inferior temporal lobe. However, no significant differences in relative rCBF were found between drug-naive and haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients in right inferior frontal lobe, right thalamus, both superior temporal lobes, both superior frontal lobes, and left parietal lobe. Conclusion : These findings suggest that antipsychotics affect regional cerebral blood flow, and antipsychotic medication status must be considered in the relative rCBF studies of schizophrenic patients.

Illegal Chinese Fishing in the Yellow Sea: A Korean Officer’s Perspective

Suk Kyoon Kim 이준국제법연구원 2012 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.5 No.2

국제판례를 통해 본 해양경계획정의 원칙에 관한 소고

김석균(Suk-Kyoon Kim) 한국해사법학회 2009 해사법연구 Vol.21 No.1

해양경계획정은 대부분 당사국간 합의에 의하여 획정되었지만, 합의에 의한 해결이 어려운 경우 국제사법재판소(ICJ)나 중재재판소 등 법원의 판결에 의존하게 되었다. 해양경계획정 사건의 판결에서 나타난 법원의 해양경계획정 원칙은 등거리선/특별한 사정 원칙, 육지영토의 자연연장 원칙, 최대도달 원칙, 비례성, 비침해 원칙, 형평원칙 등이다. 1969년 북해대륙붕 사건에서 ICJ는 육지영토의 해양우위 개념을 바탕으로 대륙붕은 육지영토의 연장이라는 자연연장 원칙을 제시하였다. 지형적, 지질적요소가 대륙붕 경계획정의 가장 중요한 고려사항이 되었다. 유엔해양법협약이 출범하면서 연안국에 200해리 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕에 관한 권리를 인정하였다. 따라서 해양경계획정에서 지질학적 요소보다 인접성, 즉 ‘거리’가 더 중요한 고려 사항이 되었다. 한편 대향, 인접국간 해양수역에 대한 중첩된 주장에 대한 경계획정 기준으로 해양경계획정은 관련된 사실관계를 고려하여 형평의 원칙에 벗어나지 않아야 한다는 「형평원칙/ 관련 사정」원칙이 등장하게 되었다. 일련의 국제사법재판소, 중재재판소의 판결을 통하여 나타난 해양경계획정의 특징은 다음과 같이 정리될 수 있다. 첫째, 자연연장 원칙의 퇴조와 형평원칙의 지배이다. 자연연장 원칙은 대륙붕의 형성은 한 국가의 육지영토의 작용만이 아니라 상대방 국가의 육지영토와 상호작용에 의해 형성된 것이라는 주장과 형평성을 강조하는 국제법의 흐름에 밀려 퇴조하게 된다. 그러나 200해리 이원의 대륙붕의 경계획정에 있어서는 여전히 관련 당사국 주장의 주요한 논리적 근거가 되고 있다. 형평원칙은 해양경계획정의 목표이자 수단으로 국가 실행, 국제사법재판소 및 중재재판소 판결의 기조가 되고 있다. 둘째, 「형평/관련사정」원칙의 지배적 흐름 속에서 적용의 편의성과 경계획정에서 거리가 강조되면서 「등거리/특별한 사정」 원칙의 중요성이 다시 주목받고 있다. 셋째, 해양경계획정 당사국의 입장을 최대한 고려한 상호 호혜적 판결 및 보수성이다. 해양경계획정은 옳고 그름의 문제가 아니라 대립된 이익의 조정이라는 시각에서 한 국가에게 일방적으로 유리한 경계획정보다는 상대방 국가의 해양이용권, 자원 접근권, 안보이익 등이 최대한 고려된다. 또한 국제사법재판소는 과거의 판례에 많이 의존하고 있어 판례들이 중단됨이 없이 하나로 연결되고 있다고 느끼게 하고 있다. 넷째, 인접성의 기반위에서 자연적 요소가 사회경제적 요소를 지배하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 인접성외에 형평원칙에 부합되도록 해안의 지형, 관련 해안선 길이의 비례성, 섬 등 지형적 요소는 고려되지만, 인구, 경제력, 문화적 요인 등 사회경제적 요소는 제한된 가치를 부여하거나 배제하고 있다. Principles and rules governing the maritime boundary delimitation process are found primarily in conventions, state practices, and customary international law, in addition to the jurisprudence of tribunals and arbitrations. Principles and rules of the maritime boundary delimitation have changed, according to the development of ocean law and the trend of the times. The notable trends of judgments and awards are as follows. First, since the retreat of the principle of natural prolongation of land territory, the quitable principle has dominated the maritime boundary delimitation process. Second, the judgments of the Court and awards of tribunals in delimitation cases appear to be mutually beneficial to claimants. This may indicate that rulings on maritime boundary delimitation cases are not a matter of either being right or wrong, but a matter of adjusting of competing interests of claimants. The Court and tribunals played a significant role in balancing competing interests, by taking account of coastal states' rights of access to maritime zones, resources, and security concern. Third, it is worth to note that geographical factors, represented by adjacency, dominate socio-economic factors. While geographical factors, including configuration of the coast, proportionality of length of relevant coastlines, and islands, were significant circumstances to be considered, socio-economic factors such as population, resources, economy, and culture were given either the limited value or non in the delimitation process. Fourth, the common method of delimitation employed by the Court and tribunals is that first the features of relevant areas are reviewed, and then a provisional median line (or equidistance line) between relevant coastlines is drawn, and finally the provisionally drawn line is shifted or adjusted to take into account of relevant circumstances. Lastly, another notable trend is that a single delimitation line serves the purpose of the delimitation line for both EEZ and continental shelf. A single delimitation line is favored in the judgments of a number of continental shelf delimitation cases. It is because that the EEZ and the continental shelf within 200 nautical miles from the baselines generate the same legal effect.

달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건 및 임무궤도 사례연구

석병석(Suk, Byong-suk),민승용(Min, Seung-yong),권재욱(Kwon, Jae-wook),김창균(Kim, Chang-kyoon),문상만(Moon, Sang-man),최수진(Choi, Su-jin),구철회(Koo, Cheol-hea),김인규(Kim, In-kyu),류동영(Ryu, Dong-young) 한국항공우주연구원 2015 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.13 No.2

시험용 달 궤도선의 발사 요구조건 사전 분석 단계로 최근 외국에서 발사한 달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건을 분석하였다. 일반적으로 달 탐사선의 발사 요구조건은 달 임무 궤도를 결정하는 중요한 요소이며, 또한 지구, 달, 태양의 상대적인 운동으로 인해 임무궤도 요구조건을 만족하는 발사 가능 시간이 주기적으로 반복되는 경향이 있다. 분석 결과 설정된 발사 요구조건들로부터 달 궤도선의 주 임무가 달의 남/북극 지역의 광학 관측 임을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다. 향후 우리나라 달 궤도선 발사 요구 조건 설정에 본 논문이 도움이 되길 기대한다. In the preliminary study on launch window requirement for Korea Path-finder Lunar Orbiter(KPLO), the recent foreign lunar orbiter’s lauch window requirement was analyzed. Normally, the launch requirements depends on the mission orbit. Based on the relationship between Moon, Earth, and Sun, the launch time will be available periodically to meet requirements. In this paper, it is understood that the launch window requirements come from payload mission requirements to take picture each poles of Moon. This paper might be a practical example to derive KPLO launch requirements in the future.