대구 지역 일차 진료를 담당하는 의사의 야뇨증에 대한 인식 평가

최정연,김세윤,이경수,박용훈,Choi, Jung-Youn,Kim, Sae-Yoon,Lee, Kyung-Soo,Park, Yong-Hoon 대한소아신장학회 2008 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 야뇨증에 대한 개념과 인식이 아동이 크면 저절로 낫는다는 과거의 전통적 생각에서 최근 새롭게 바뀌고 있다. 본 연구에서는 야뇨증 환아를 진단하며 치료하는 일차 진료 의사의 야뇨증에 대한 인식에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2006년 1월부터 2007년 2월까지 대구지역 일차 진료를 담당하는 총 293명의 개원의를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 야뇨증의 진단연령, 야뇨증의 원인, 야뇨증과 관련 있는 행동, 야뇨증에 대한 의견, 야뇨증 교육 참석 여부 및 참여의향, 야뇨증의 치료 방법 등에 대해 알아보았다. 결과 : 야뇨증으로 진단할 수 있는 기준 연령에 대한 질문에서는 5-5세로 응답한 경우가 소아 청소년과-비뇨기과 59.2%, 기타 과 49.6%로 전공과목별로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 야뇨증의 원인에 대해서는 "방광이나 신경의 발달이 제대로 이루어지지 않음" 및 "정서적인 문제"를, 야뇨증과 관련있는 행동으로는 "학교나 가정에서 행동이 어수선하며 집중력의 부족을 나타낸다" 및 "소변을 자주 본다."를 대부분에서 응답하였다 최근 5년 동안의 전공과목별 야뇨증 교육 이수 비율 및 야뇨증 교육에 참여할 의향은 소아청소년과, 비뇨기과, 기타 과에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 야뇨증 환아의 치료 중 약물 요법으로는 이미프라민을 대부분 사용하고 있었으나 데스모프레신은 소아청소년과 및 비뇨기과에서 주로 사용되고 있었다. 야뇨 경보기는 대부분 사용하지 않았다. 결론 : 지역 사회에서 일차 진료를 담당하는 개원의를 대상으로 한 야뇨증 인식의 설문 조사에서 소아청소년과와 비뇨기과 개원의는 야뇨증의 진단 연령에 대한 인식, 야뇨증 교육 이수 및 야뇨증 교육에 참여할 의향이 높았으며 향후 일차 진료 의사를 대상으로 하는 야뇨증의 교육이 더 필요함을 알 수 있었다. Purpose: Recently, the conception and cognition that enuresis was resolved spontaneously, have changed. We reviewed the attitudes of the primary care physicians who make diagnose and treat nocturnal enuresis. Methods: From January 2006 to February 2007, a total of 293 primary care physicians in Daegu city participated in this survey. Questionnaires included questions about physicians' opinions on the appropriated age for diagnosis of enuresis, the likely causes of enuresis, etc. Physicians are grouped in two according to whether enuresis is major field of their subspecialty; the pediatrician & urologist group and the other physician group. Results: 59.2% of pediatricians and urologists thought that enuresis is defined as the nightly involuntary release of urine by children of the age of 5 to 6, while 49.6% of other physicians did. For the causes of enuresis, most of clinicians checked "yes" to the question that "Under-developed bladder and nerve" and "Emotional problems". In the patient's behavioral reactions related to enuresis, "Lack of concentration in home and school" and "Frequent urination" were most responded. Attendance to the education program of enuresis in last five years and willing to participate in education program was statistically different among pediatricians-urologists and other physicians. Regarding the treatment of enuresis, most physicians used imiprarnin widely, but pediatricians and urologists preferred desmopressin. Alarm was the last one in treatment modality. Conclusion: This study revealed that pediatricians and urologists are attending more to the educational places and knowing much about the recent information on enuresis when compared to other primary care physicians, regarding the diagnostic age and treatment modality of enuresis. The education of enuresis for primary physicians is more needed.

야뇨증 환아에서 설문조사에 근거한 야뇨경보기 적용현황과 치료성적

장원석,조진선,김준모,홍창희 대한비뇨의학회 2008 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.49 No.8

Purpose: Alarm interventions are effective and safe treatments for nocturnal enuresis when compared with the other treatments. However, the rate of doctors prescribing enuresis alarms is quite low in Korea. This study evaluated the application conditions and treatment results of an enuresis alarm in children with enuresis in Korea. Materials and Methods: 147 out of 316 patients who purchased an enuresis alarm through a alarm sales agency in Korea were evaluated retrospectively. The questionnaire had two main categories: items of enuresis(number of episodes during the night, enuresis frequency during a week, etc.) and the items of the enuresis alarm(previous treatment history, a motivation of using enuresis alarm treatment, the period of using the enuresis alarm, initial success, continued success, dropout of using enuresis alarm, nocturia after treatment, etc.). Results: A total 147 children participated in this study. The initial success rate was 30.6% whereas the continued success rate was 34.0%. In addition, the dropout rate was 27.2%. 46.2% of patients purchased the enuresis alarm with a doctor's prescription and 53.8% purchased the alarm without a prescription. Among the factors, the success and dropout rate were affected by only whether the patient visited the hospital. Thirty five patients who took combination therapy with medicine had a significantly lower initial success rate. Conclusions: In Korea, without a doctor's prescription, 53.7% patients attempt to treat enuresis alarm directly. The initial and continued success rate with the enuresis alarm was approximately 30% and the dropout rate was approximately 30%. Purpose: Alarm interventions are effective and safe treatments for nocturnal enuresis when compared with the other treatments. However, the rate of doctors prescribing enuresis alarms is quite low in Korea. This study evaluated the application conditions and treatment results of an enuresis alarm in children with enuresis in Korea. Materials and Methods: 147 out of 316 patients who purchased an enuresis alarm through a alarm sales agency in Korea were evaluated retrospectively. The questionnaire had two main categories: items of enuresis(number of episodes during the night, enuresis frequency during a week, etc.) and the items of the enuresis alarm(previous treatment history, a motivation of using enuresis alarm treatment, the period of using the enuresis alarm, initial success, continued success, dropout of using enuresis alarm, nocturia after treatment, etc.). Results: A total 147 children participated in this study. The initial success rate was 30.6% whereas the continued success rate was 34.0%. In addition, the dropout rate was 27.2%. 46.2% of patients purchased the enuresis alarm with a doctor's prescription and 53.8% purchased the alarm without a prescription. Among the factors, the success and dropout rate were affected by only whether the patient visited the hospital. Thirty five patients who took combination therapy with medicine had a significantly lower initial success rate. Conclusions: In Korea, without a doctor's prescription, 53.7% patients attempt to treat enuresis alarm directly. The initial and continued success rate with the enuresis alarm was approximately 30% and the dropout rate was approximately 30%.

Diagnostic Value of Functional Bladder Capacity, Urine Osmolality, and Daytime Storage Symptoms for Severity of Nocturnal Enuresis

김준모 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between functional bladder capacity, first morning urine osmolality, daytime voiding symptoms, and severity of nocturnal enuresis. Materials and Methods: We assessed a total of 101 children with nocturnal enuresis (mean age, 7.7±2.3 years). Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of enuresis: (1) one to six episodes per week (46 cases, 45.5%), (2) one episode every day (29 cases, 28.7%), and (3) multiple episodes every day (26 cases, 25.8%). Baseline parameters were obtained from frequency volume charts for 2 days, first morning urine osmolality, and a questionnaire for the presence of frequency, urgency, and daytime incontinence. Results: The severity of enuresis increased with younger age (p=0.037) and reduced functional bladder capacity (p=0.007) and daytime symptoms of frequency and daytime incontinence (p=0.012, p=0.036). No statistical difference in urine osmolality or urgency was found among the three groups. Both reduced functional bladder capacity and low urine osmolality increased according to the severity of enuresis (p=0.012). Conclusions: In children with nocturnal enuresis, severity was increased by younger age, reduced functional bladder capacity, and the presence of daytime voiding symptoms of frequency and daytime incontinence. The incidence of small functional bladder capacity was increased in children with everyday wetting, and the incidences of both small functional bladder capacity and low urine osmolality were increased in children with everyday multiple wetting. Purpose: To investigate the correlation between functional bladder capacity, first morning urine osmolality, daytime voiding symptoms, and severity of nocturnal enuresis. Materials and Methods: We assessed a total of 101 children with nocturnal enuresis (mean age, 7.7±2.3 years). Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of enuresis: (1) one to six episodes per week (46 cases, 45.5%), (2) one episode every day (29 cases, 28.7%), and (3) multiple episodes every day (26 cases, 25.8%). Baseline parameters were obtained from frequency volume charts for 2 days, first morning urine osmolality, and a questionnaire for the presence of frequency, urgency, and daytime incontinence. Results: The severity of enuresis increased with younger age (p=0.037) and reduced functional bladder capacity (p=0.007) and daytime symptoms of frequency and daytime incontinence (p=0.012, p=0.036). No statistical difference in urine osmolality or urgency was found among the three groups. Both reduced functional bladder capacity and low urine osmolality increased according to the severity of enuresis (p=0.012). Conclusions: In children with nocturnal enuresis, severity was increased by younger age, reduced functional bladder capacity, and the presence of daytime voiding symptoms of frequency and daytime incontinence. The incidence of small functional bladder capacity was increased in children with everyday wetting, and the incidences of both small functional bladder capacity and low urine osmolality were increased in children with everyday multiple wetting.

소아 야뇨(夜尿) 치료에 대한 최신연구 동향 - 침구치료, 정신요법, 카이로프락틱 중심으로 -

노영희,김기봉,Noh, Young-Hee,Kim, Ki-Bong 대한한방소아과학회 2011 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate various treatments in other countries for nocturnal enuresis. We analyze the treatments on enuresis (within acupuncture, moxibustion, psychotherapy and chiropractic) and herb for 12 years (from 2000 to 2011). Methods: Databases include PubMed and Web of Science. To narrow the search, the following key search terms were used: 'enuresis, acupuncture', 'enuresis, moxibustion', 'enuresis, psychotherapy', 'enuresis, chiropractic' and 'enuresis, herb'. The search was limited to the publication date from 2000 to 2011. Results: There are 31 studies on enuresis treatment by using acupuncture, 3 on moxibustion, 91 on psychotherapy, and 8 on chiropractic. Among them, 27 studies on acupuncture, 3 on moxibustion, 86 on psychotherapy and 5 on chiropractic reveal that patients with enuresis benefit from the each treatment. Conclusions: In the future, various researches on acupoint are necessary. Especially, studies on enuresis by using psychotherapy and chiropractic are needed. With those efforts, treatments on enuresis will become more pragmatic and beneficial.

야뇨증 역학조사 보고: 2개 초등학교 학생 대상

이현정,이강균,김은진,배기수,이상돈,Lee, Hyun Jung,Lee, Kang Gyoon,Kim, Eun Jin,Pai, Ki-Soo,Lee, Sang Don 대한소아청소년과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.51 No.5

목 적 : 초등학생을 대상으로 야뇨증의 유병율 및 야뇨증 관련된 역학조사를 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방 법 : 경기도 수원지역에 있는 두 초등학교(공립 및 사립학교 각 1개교)에 재학 중인 총 1,514명의 학생들을 대상으로 2006년 12월 한 달간 학생부모 설문조사를 통하여 야뇨증과 관련한 역학조사를 실시하였다. 성별, 연령별, 체격지수, 오줌참기 습관, 가정경제수준 등이 야뇨증 유병율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 전체 1,514명의 학생에게 설문하여 1,063명(70.2%)이 응답하였으며, 응답학생 중 93명(8.7%)에게 야뇨증이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 학교별 유병율을 보면 공립학교 546명 중 48명(8.8%), 사립학교 517명 중 45명(8.7%)에서 야뇨증이 있었다. 공립과 사립 학교간 월 가정수입 차이는 현격하였으나 이에 따른 유병율 차이는 없었다. 야뇨증의 빈도가 남아에서 8.1%, 여아에서 9.6%로 여아에서 더 높은 경향을 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 오줌참기 습관이 있는 학생의 경우 22.1 %로 정상인 학생 5.6%에 비하여 유의하게 야뇨증 빈도가 높았다. 신장 및 체중의 백분위 값은 야뇨증이 있는 학생 군이 정상 학생 군에 비하여 작았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 야뇨증이 있는 93명중 25명(26.9%)만이 야뇨증 치료차 병원을 방문한 적이 있음을 볼 때, 야뇨증치료의 필요에 대한 부모의 인식이 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 연령에 따른 야뇨증 유병율을 살펴보면 연령이 증가할수록 연평균 2.0%씩 유병율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 수원지역 2개교 초등학생을 대상으로 한 조사에서 야뇨증의 평균 유병율은 8.7%였으며, 7세 무렵 12.1%에서 매년 2.0%씩 감소하여 13세까지 거의 소실되는 것으로 보였다. 낮 동안에 배뇨억제 습관이나 가뭄뇨가 있는 아동에서 야뇨증 유병율이 높음을 볼 때, 배뇨조절 교육 및 훈련의 확대가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enuresis in association with voiding habits and socioeconomic status in elementary school children. Methods : A dynamic survey was done of 1,514 students from two elementary schools in Suwon, Korea in December 2006. Data regarding gender, age, height and weight, voiding habits, and monthly family incomes were gathered and analyzed to discover any correlation with the incidence of enuresis. The percentile value of height or weight was extrapolated from the standard population curve. Results : Among 1,514 children, 1,063 (70.2%) answered and returned the questionnaires. Overall, the prevalence of enuresis was 8.7% and there was no difference between the public (8.8%) and private school (8.7%). The family incomes of the students from the two schools differed greatly from each other, but there was no difference in the prevalence of enuresis between the two schools. Children with a habit of void-holding showed a higher prevalence of enuresis. No significant correlation was found between the prevalence of enuresis and the height and weight percentile of children. Experience with hospital visits was low among enuretic children (20.8%), suggesting that Korean parents tend to neglect treatment of enuresis for their children. The prevalence of enuresis decreased by 2.0% each year, as school children aged. Conclusion : The overall prevalence of enuresis among elementary school children in Suwon district was 8.7%. The 12.1% prevalence of enuresis at the seven years came down gradually, to be nil at the age of 13. Infrequent urination or void-holding was assumed to be one of the important factors causing enuresis in elementary school children.

소아 야뇨증에 대한 임상적 고찰

김승수,곽병곤,김영대,김우경,김영균,이종국 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of enuretic children and to evaluate the efficacy of treatments. Methods: Our study subjects enrolled were 52 children with nocturnal enuresis, who visited outpatient clinic of pediatrics in Seoul Paik Hospital and Ilsan Paik Hospital, during the period from October 1998 to August 2004. The data of gender, age, family history, symptom, clinical type of enuresis and drug therapy were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: The male : female ratio was 2.25 : 1. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.8 years with an age range from 4.3 years to 12.5 years. Fourty five cases(86.5%) were diagnosed as primary enuresis and 7 cases(13.5%) were diagnosed as secondary enuresis. A family history of enuresis was noted in 5 cases(9.6%) including 4 cases with parental enuresis history. The accompanying urinary symptoms were urgency(11.5%), frequency (7.7%), and dysuria(2.0%). Conclusion: We found frequent occurrences of enuresis in boys and primary type and an occasional association with a family history of enuresis. The two main treatment modalities were behavior control with an alarm system and drug therapy with imipramine, desmopressin, or oxybutynin. We recommend continuous drug medications to control nocturnal enuresis along with encouragement.

Nocturnal Enuresis Is Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Problems

박수빈,김붕년,김재원,홍순범,신민섭,유희정,조수철 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.3

Objective There are no published prevalence estimates of elimination disorders and their association with disruptive-behavior disorders among children in the Asian region using standardized diagnostic interviews. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of elimination disorders and its association with disruptive-behavior disorders in a representative sample of children in Seoul, Korea. Methods The diagnosis of enuresis and encopresis was derived from parent-reported data for "enuresis and encopresis," collected using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, from a representative sample of 6- to 12-year-old children (n=1,645) who participated in the 2005 Seoul Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Prevalence data for attention deficit and disruptive-behavior disorders were collected from the same sample. Results The overall 12-month prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and encopresis was 1.8% and 0.6%, respectively. Enuresis and encopresis prevalence in boys was significantly greater than that in girls. Enuresis and encopresis was most common at 7 to 9 years of age. Enuresis was significantly associated with ADHD (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.9) and conduct disorder (CD; OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.0-22.4). Conclusion Enuresis is significantly associated with ADHD and CD, so these conditions must be assessed together during the evaluation of children with enuresis.

서울 경기지역 소아의 야뇨증에 대한 역학조사

김왈범,김경도 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.12

Time Course of Treatment for Primary Enuresis With Overactive Bladder

임영재,이정근,박관진 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2018 International Neurourology Journal Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: To characterize the course of treatment for nonmonosymptomatic enuresis with overactive bladder (OAB) in a real clinical setting. Methods: Data from 111 OAB patients with moderate to severe enuresis were analyzed. The baseline analysis included a questionnaire, voiding diary, uroflowmetry with postvoid residual urine measurement, and plain abdominal radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB). Following standard urotherapy for 1 month, anticholinergic medication was administered with or without laxatives. Desmopressin was added if there was a partial response to OAB. Patients were followed every 3 months to evaluate the status of OAB and enuresis. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors associated with the lack of complete response (CR) in enuresis at 12 months. Results: Following 12 months of treatment, 64% and 88% of patients experienced at least partial response in enuresis and OAB, respectively. Urgency improved more quickly than enuresis, supporting the need to address daytime symptoms before enuresis. Seventy-nine patients (71%) had fecal impaction on KUB and/or subjective constipation. The combination of anticholinergics with either laxatives or desmopressin fared better than anticholinergics alone. Daytime incontinence and anticholinergics- only treatment were associated with a lack of CR during 12 months of treatment. Conclusions: The data confirmed the validity of addressing OAB before treating enuresis. The results of this study also highlight the need to address fecal impaction. Patients should be counseled about the need for a prolonged course of treatment before starting treatment. Anticholinergics should be accompanied with either desmopressin or laxatives for better control of enuresis.

야뇨증의 병태생리: 뇌, 수면장애 그리고 정신적 효과

박관진,Park, Kwan-Jin 대한소아신장학회 2012 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.16 No.1

The relationship between central nervous system (CNS) and enuresis has not been sufficiently elucidated despite the presence of several circumstantial evidences. Contrary to common belief, polysomnographic sleep analysis revealed that the disturbance of arousal rather than deep sleep was responsible for enuresis. Subsequent studies confirmed depressed sympathetic tone and retarded brainstem reflex indicating abnormal arousal threshold in enuretics. In accordance with the bladder-brain dialogue, chronic stimulation of bladder may modify the brainstem function elevating arousal threshold. Epidemiological studies have suggested the association between enuresis and various psychosomatic disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which has shown the abnormal brainstem reflex similar to enuresis. Taken together, CNS is assumed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of enuresis. Psychological assessment is vital to understand the psychodynamic effect of enuresis. Studies have shown that the prevalence of psychological problems was higher in enuretic children and externalization of the symptoms was usually found. Several explanations have been brought up regarding the development of enuresis and psychological problems. Enuresis may cause psychological problems and vice versa. Otherwise, both may be associated with other variables, such as socioeconomic status (SES).