질적 연구에서 사용되는 면담 및 심층면담에 관한 비교 고찰

전영국(Jun Young cook) 한국열린교육학회 2017 열린교육연구 Vol.25 No.1

대부분의 질적 연구에서 면담은 참여관찰과 더불어 자료 수집의 과정에서 대표적으로 사용되고 있는 방법 중의 하나이다. 심층면담은 상대방과 깊이 있게 대화를 나누면서 인간에 대한 심층적인 탐구를 가능하게 하는 주요 자료 수집 방법으로 부각되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 면담과 심층면담에 대한 개념과 자료 수집 방법을 소개하고 특징을 비교 고찰함으로써 심층면담을 이용한 질적 연구 방법에 대한 이해를 제공하는 것이다. 먼저, 이 연구는 초상화법에서 비중있게 다루는 심층면담을 고찰하였고 이어서 다양한 질적 연구 방법론(예, 생애사, 현상학적 접근, 문화기술지, 근거 이론, 사례 연구)에서 사용되는 면담의 기법을 비교하였다. 그 결과 심층면담을 사용하는 연구자는 양질의 자료 수집을 위하여 연구참여자와 함께 동반자적 관계를 형성하면서 연구 주제에 관한 실재를 있는 그대로 드러낼 수 있도록 후속 면담 질문을 구사하는 기법이 중요하게 작용함이 드러났다. 또한 심층 면담의 수행은 면담에 대한 설계뿐만 아니라 면담이 끝난 후에 자료의 정리와 분석을 통하여 후속 면담의 질문을 도출하는 일련의 순환적 과정으로 이루어지는 특징을 보여주었다. 마지막에 이 논문은 심층면담의 적용에 관한 쟁점을 고찰하였고 심층면담을 수행 할 때 실제 고려해야 할 지침을 제공하였다. A qualitative interview is commonly used during most qualitative data collection procedures combined with observation data. An in-depth interview has been regarded as the main data collection methods to explore the understandings of a person’s experiences with deep conversation. This review study aimed to promote conceptual understandings by dealing with practical issues focusing on in-depth interview and its techniques. The study first reviewed the features of in-depth interview that is a major data collection in portraiture study and comparatively reviewed the different features of interview methods adopted in different qualitative traditions such as life history study, phenomenological approach, ethnography, grounded theory approach and case study. The comparative results indicated that it is important for the study to build a participant-as-ally relationship ahead of time and ask proper follow-up questions during the interview in order to reveal the realities of the participant’s experiences as they are. Also, it is noted that the conduct of in-depth interviews has similarity with grounded theory approach in the sense that the overall process of designing interview questions, data management, and analysis is cyclic. In addition, the paper highlights issues for the use of in-depth interview and aims to provide practical guidelines for those who want to conduct in-depth interviews in the future.

Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study

신숙경 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.2

Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study Sukkyung Shin* Abstract: This study aims to investigate the range of community services offered by disability facilities for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Kenya and to identity key insights through interviews. In this qualitative study, the researcher used semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data and selected participants through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through Individual Interviews were conducted with two practitioners employed at distinct disability facilities of Nairobi in Kenya. The implications obtained through the interviews in this study are as follow. First, the disability facilities in Kenya, as those in developing countries, emphasize a variety of community-based rehabilitation services. Second, there are many differences in disability services between regions. Third, practitioners who are involved in the disability facilities must have acquired disability-related service certification or completed related training. This paper finally presents limitations of the study. Key Words: Disability Services in Kenya, People with Disabilities in Kenya, Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), Qualitative Method, In-depth Interview Study □ Received: Mar. 20, 2024, Revised: Apr. 22, 2024, Accepted: Apr. 28, 2024* Associate Professor, Jeonju Univ., Email: africarogo82@jj.ac.kr Exploring Disability Facilities’ Services for PWDs in Kenya: An In-depth Interview Study DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.62783/SHSS.6.2.42 Sukkyung Shin* Abstract: This study aims to investigate the range of community services offered by disability facilities for people with disabilities (PWDs) in Kenya and to identity key insights through interviews. In this qualitative study, the researcher used semi-structured in-depth interviews to collect data and selected participants through purposeful sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected through Individual Interviews were conducted with two practitioners employed at distinct disability facilities of Nairobi in Kenya. The implications obtained through the interviews in this study are as follow. First, the disability facilities in Kenya, as those in developing countries, emphasize a variety of community-based rehabilitation services. Second, there are many differences in disability services between regions. Third, practitioners who are involved in the disability facilities must have acquired disability-related service certification or completed related training. This paper finally presents limitations of the study. Key Words: Disability Services in Kenya, People with Disabilities in Kenya, Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), Qualitative Method, In-depth Interview Study □ Received: Mar. 20, 2024, Revised: Apr. 22, 2024, Accepted: Apr. 28, 2024* Associate Professor, Jeonju Univ., Email: africarogo82@jj.ac.kr

심층면담 가이드 개발에 관한 방법적 탐구

조재성 한국질적탐구학회 2019 질적탐구 Vol.5 No.1

An in-depth interview is most widely used to collect data in qualitative research. It allows researchers to look into people as the essence of research itself, instead of numbers or statistical objects. It is natural that an in-depth interview has taken center stage of almost all the qualitative methodologies. For eff ective in-depth interview, it is essential to build a systematic interview guide. Th is study thus discussed methods that a researcher could use to develop an interview guide in qualitative research. Th e fi ndings were summarized in three major aspects: fi rst, the study shed light on the unique characteristics of an interview guide that researchers could consult; second, the study defi ned several criteria for a good interview guide, including the subareas to classify the overall situations and questions of an interview and three interview questions that underwent more than two improvements; and lastly, the study presented the forms and content of an in-depth interview that would vary based on the tradition of qualitative research in terms of ethnography, phenomenological qualitative research, narrative inquiry, and life history. Th e fi ndings of the study are expected to help qualitative researchers develop a sophisticated interview guide and conduct a research eff ectively. 질적 연구의 자료 수집방법으로 가장 많이 활용되는 기법이 바로 심층면담이다. 심층면담을 통 해 인간을 숫자나 통계적 대상이 아닌 연구의 본질 그 자체로 바라볼 수 있게 된다. 자연스럽게 심층면담은 거의 모든 질적 연구방법론 중에서도 가장 핵심적인 자리를 차지하고 있다. 이러한 심층면담을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 사전에 체계적인 면담 가이드를 제작할 필요가 있 다. 이에 본 연구에서는 질적 연구에서 연구자가 면담 가이드 개발에 활용할 수 있는 방법에 관 해 논의하였다. 연구의 결과로 크게 세 가지 내용을 도출하였다. 첫째, 면담 가이드의 고유한 특 징으로 연구 주제와 관련 있는 하위 영역, 열린 질문, 중립성과 유연성을 제시하였다. 둘째, 좋은 면담 가이드의 기준으로 면담의 전체적인 상황, 질문을 분류하는 하위 영역, 두 번 이상 개선된 면담 질문의 세 가지를 찾을 수 있었다. 셋째, 질적 연구의 전통에 따라 달라지는 심층면담 가이 드의 형태와 내용을 문화기술지, 현상학적 질적 연구, 내러티브 탐구, 생애사로 구분하여 제시하 였다. 본 연구를 통해 질적 연구자들이 정교한 면담 가이드를 제작하여 연구를 효과적으로 수행 할 수 있기를 기대한다.

초상화법에서 사용되는 심층면담에 관한 탐구: 동반자적 관계 형성과 주관적 요소 탐색을 중심으로

전영국 ( Young Cook Jun ),배성아 ( Sung Ah Bae ),이현주 ( Hyun Ju Lee ) 한국교육인류학회 2013 교육인류학연구 Vol.16 No.3

초상화법은 연구자가 탐색하고자 하는 연구 주제에 대해 연구 참여자와 심층면담을 하는 과정에서 연구 참여자의 곳곳에서 만연하게 드러나는 주요 측면(strands)을 중심으로 마치 그림을 그리듯이 통합적으로 묘사하여 제시하는 인물 사례 연구 방법 중 하나이다. 초상화법은 특히 인간의 내면, 즉, 가치관, 철학, 신념 등에 대해 탐색할 때 적합한 방법으로 심층면담이 주된 자료로서 활용된다. 본 논문에서는 초상화법에서 많이 활용되는 심층면담의 기본적 원리와 특징을 두 개의 면담 사례와 함께 소개하였다. 초상화법에서 사용되는 심층면담은 연구 참여자와 동반자적 관계를 형성하면서 정보수집차원을 넘어서 감정이입과 공감적 내성 원리에 따라 연구 참여자의 주관적 요소를 탐색하는 데 중점을 둔다. 특히 연구 주제와 관련하여 연구 참여자의 내면에서 일관되게 이어지는 주요 흐름을 파악하고, 연구 참여자의 마음의 상태를 있는 그대로 따라가면서 즉각적이고 섬세한 대화를 이끈다는 점에서 다른 심층면담과 구별된다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 미국 고등학생(매기)의 중도탈락 및 복귀 과정을 다룬 연구와 마음공부 수행자(원만)의 내적 변화와 성찰에 대하여 탐구한 심층면담 사례는 이와 같은 특성을 잘 보여준다. This review study deals with major elements in conducting in-depth interviews and connections by carrying out essentialist portraiture methodology. The methodology relies on in-depth interviews and describes major aspects of a participant regarding research theme in terms of a unified image of the participant. The in-depth interviews in this methodology are conducted with participants as ally and pursuing feelings of the participant instead of information based on the principle of sympathetic introspection. The method is quite different from other approaches. They differ in how the researcher probes the participant in order to explore major strands related to theme and how he/she guides the interview mode with articulating follow-up questions and spontaneous responses between the two sides. We presented two cases where the readers can appreciate the major features of the in-depth "interview in the essentialist portraiture," one for high school drop-outs who finally returned to school and another for those who have encountered major inner changes while performing mind practice. In this paper, we revealed several characteristics of in-depth interview in the essentialist portraiture," which plays major roles in conducting qualitative research to explore major strands and alive passages, map them out onto a timeline for further interpretations and finally attain mutual understanding via sympathetic introspection.

심층면담 기법으로써 모래이야기면담(Sandplay Narrative Interview)에 대한 방법적 탐구

조희순(Hee soon Cho),조재성(Jae seong Jo) 한국질적탐구학회 2018 질적탐구 Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 모래놀이를 통한 심리 상담이 어떻게 심층면담의 새로운 기법으로 활용될 수 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 모래이야기면담이 실천되고 있는 현장에서 다양한 질적자료 수집과 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 심층면담으로써 모래이야기면담이 갖는 질적 특징을 드러낼 수 있었다. 모래이야기면담에는 일반적인 심층면담과 구별되는 다섯 가지 특징이 있었 다. 그것은 연구 참여자의 무의식을 탐구하기, 비구조화된 면담 지향하기, 글쓰기와 생애사 탐구하기, 연구자와 연구 참여자가 공동으로 의미 찾기, 연구 참여자의 발달 강조하기였다. 한편, 모래이야기면담을 활용한 결과 그 시사점으로 연구 참여자 진술의 진실성을 검증, 면담에 대한 심리적인 부담 감소, 연구 참여자와 연구자 모두에게 심리적 성숙의 기회를 제공이라는 요소를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 이처럼 모래이야기면담을 통한 질적연구에서 분명한 가능성을 찾을 수 있었다. 특히 유아 및 아동을 위한 상담, 생애전환기 성인을 위한 상담, 노인의 생애사 정리를 위한 상담 등의 주제와 관련하여 모래이야기면담은 유용한 기법들을 제시할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, the theoretical and the substantial investigation were performed on the sandplay narrative interview, one of the techniques of in-depth interview to identify entire processes of sandplay narrative interview and discover the detained characteristics and possibilities. The participants discovered the answers related to the subject of inquiry undergoing the 5 stages of chaos and differentiation, conflict and struggle, realization, reconciliation and application, and exploration of life histories. Through the research process, the five characteristics of the sandplay narrative interview differentiated from general in-depth interview were discovered. First, the subconscious desire, belief, etc. of the participants were explored together with the conscious expressions. Sandplay could be an apparatus to conduct flexible and wellbalanced interview as it is capable of reliving the tension appropriately about the topic that the subject wants or does not want to speak about. Second, the sandplay narrative interview enabled collection of more abundant and unique narratives, adopting thoroughly unstructured interview. Third, in sandplay, it is capable of collecting various narrative through diverse methods such as writing and life history. Fourth, the participants engaged as much as the research did in the process of analyzing and drawing the meanings. Fifth, sandplay narrative interview was intended to apply the results immediately to the life of participants. The researcher provided active helps so that the participants could perceive things differently in life and achieve the improvement of relationship with the family, coworkers and friends, instead of simply understanding the ups and downs in life. In the meantime, the sandplay narrative interview is a method to look into true inner-self of participants, by helping the participants reveal the subconsciousness, utilizing the sand box, figure, etc. Furthermore, it required the researcher to present the story explaining the sand box directly, differently from the existing indepth interview, which relied solely on the narrative coming out from people’ s consciousness. With the method, the researcher was able to understand if their answers on the specific research topics and questions really reflected the mind of participants and what made them think that way. Also, the sandplay narrative interview contributed to reducing psychological burden that the participants might generally have for the research and the interview by adopting the specific ways of sandplay. They told the story related to the research topics naturally, helping them freely talk what they wanted to the sand box instead of having the feeling of pressure or repulsion. Although all the individual sessions of the interview were planned for 1 hour or longer, no case was reported that research process was interrupted or the participant complained about being board and this should be considered positively. Another positive factor was that the research provided an opportunity for both the researcher and the participants to become psychologically more matured. All the participants identified their subconsciousness that had been the root of external problem and made them differentiated from others. These factors appeared as obvious advantage in the aspect of research ethics.As such, the sandplay narrative interview showed positive factors as a method of qualitative research. It is expected that the sandplay narrative interview would present useful techniques for topics like counseling particularly for the infants and children, organizing elders’ life history and others. As a research, I look forward to seeing many research cases utilizing the sandplay narrative interview in the future.

중등체육교원 임용시험의 심층면접 평가에 대한 문제점과 발전방향

이종형,이광재 교육종합연구원 2009 교육종합연구 Vol.7 No.1

This study was intended to provide an institutional improvement plan of the examination system for employing physical education teacher of secondary schools, by grasping problems related to the present in-depth interview and researching possible changes of the essay test system. The followings were concluded on the basis of the Delphi method, which was repeated three times: First, the suggestion is that reliability can be raised by training interviewers in a sufficient level in advance. Second, concrete and detailed evaluation standards and procedures for interview evaluation in the examination system for employing physical education teachers should be tried for development. Third, the suggestion is that questions to evaluate explosive thinking, such as originality, logical power, leadership, etc., should be developed. Fourth, it should be tried that questions to evaluate personality of potential teachers can be developed and adopted in a diverse level. Fifth, the suggestion is that the number of interviewers in a various range of ages as well as interview time should be extended in order to ensure an in-depth evaluation. Accordingly, the interview time should be extended and interviewers should be composed of various ages in order to ensure fair and in-depth interview evaluation.

한의약건강증진사업 발전을 위한 공중보건한의사 역할 탐색

진성미,박선주 대한예방한의학회 2017 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives : In an effort to suggest a developmental plan of Traditional Korean Medicine health promotion project(TKM-HPP), this study was conducted to identify the problems experienced by public health Traditional Korean Medicine(PH-TKM) doctors in duty and to analyze successful cases of the health promotion project. Methods : Two PH-TKM doctors in duty at the Public Health Centre branch and Public Health Centre respectively, and one TKM doctor in charge of Public Health Centre participated in the in-depth interview. The research procedure was as follows; 1) inform study objectives and interview questions to participants, 2) in-depth interview with semi-structured questions, and 3) post-confirmation and verification. The interview was recorded and transcripted. In-depth interview was composed of 6 subsections: 1) Introducing participants and share purpose of interview, 2) Confirmation of the job status and difficulty of public health centre, 3) Reflecting and sharing experiences of public health clinic job performance cases, 4) Current status and improvement needs of TKM-HPP, 5) Discussions on improvement of TKM-HPP in public health center, 6) Sharing and reconfirmation of interview results. Thematic analysis was conducted from the narratives. Results : The study showed that; 1) the support from the local government was critical for the successful TKM-HPP and participation of the PH-TKMs; 2) the major problems experienced by PH-TKMs were lack of training for TKM-HPP in the field and lack of knowledge at local government level; 3) the suggestions to provide PH-TKMs with manual to educate residents effectively and redefine roles of PH-TKMs in the project. It also suggests that TKM-HPP model should be developed by the district in a way of reflecting regional characteristics. Conclusions : Firstly, more efforts should be made on the projects rather than medical treatment in public health centers, except for areas where medical institutions are scarce. Secondly, in order to facilitate participation of PH-TKM doctors, each local office should reduce medical care and increase efforts related with projects. Thirdly, the institution has to develop feasible TKM-HPP plans that can be carried out by PH-TKMs by the manual. Lastly, pre-training should be provided to PH-TKMs to understand contents of TKM-HPP related to public health centre work before the placement.

여가,레크리에이션학 : 유아체육 지도자의 지도경험에 관한 사진유도연구

권문배(MunBaeKwon),한우진(WooJinHan) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.6

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new methodology which is called photo elicitation study. Specifically, this exploratory study used Photo Elicitation Interview (PEI) to investigate teaching experiences on the physical education program instructor of the early childhood. Furthermore, this study tried to show the direction for the development of future qualitative research method using photo elicitiation interview which is one of the visual research. For better understandings of the teaching experiences on the physical education instructor of the early childhood, a qualitative research method approach should be taken that can illustrate experiences of the early childhood and instructors effectively and can draw deep and sincere conversation. To accomplish the purpose of this study more effectively, the investigator utilized the Photo Elicitation Interview(PEI) to supplement and clarify data obtained through traditional interviews. Data collection was conducted through various methods such as photo elicitation interview, in-depth interview and non participative observation. Therefore, the investigator could compare photo elicitiation interview and in-depth interview. The collected data were analyzed in four stages to arrive at the following conclusions: transcription, coding, categorization, and conceptualization. The results were categorized into two parts such as 1) understanding Photo Elicitation Interview by comparing general In-depth interview 2) instructor's experiences of the integrated physical education program of the early childhood. First of all, the investigator tried to compare Photo Elicitation Interview and In-depth Interview. Using photographs during interviews aided in building and capturing intense emotion, and rich experiences. Secondly, instructor's experience was categorized into five themes such as 1)having various experiences through integrated physical education program, 2)flow, 3)social development, 4)emotional and psychological development, 5)physical development. As mentioned, this study described actual and empirical situation of the physical education for the early childhood and gave full understanding of instructors' teaching experience using a new methodology which is called Photo Elicitation Interview.

지속가능한 공간디자인을 위한 재사용 디자인의 웹 개발에 대한 기초연구 -전문가 심층 인터뷰를 중심으로-

하숙녕,이준민 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

(Background and Purpose) As a preliminary study on developing a reuse design website for sustainable space, this study aims to lay the foundation for activating sustainable space by creating a reuse design environment, expanding consumers’ participation in it, and disseminating it through web development. Therefore, this study intends to approach and solve substantial, realistic reuse design website development issues by conducting in-depth interviews with space design experts. (Method) Twenty-five experts who have experience working with reusable materials were selected as individual in-depth interviewees. The subjects were mostly women who majored in interior space design. They were working people in their 40s and 50s, with about 20 years of related work experience and expertise in education and research. To conduct the interviews, a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of open questions was readied in advance and applied mainly based on a list that is generally applicable to reusable materials. Later, research was carried out as a main interview method for eliciting more in-depth interviewee responses to descriptive questions by asking the question again in a more specific, analytical way. (Results) This study intended to present a solution and activate the use of reusable materials by considering related issues through in-depth interviews with experts. To this end, data were collected using the in-depth interview method, which is a qualitative research method, and the following implications were presented in four categories, namely market analysis, sustainability, marketing and sales, and distribution services, based on the results, which comprised 12 derived characteristics. First, market analysis with respect to reusable materials was found to have a positive effect on the public through expanded social interest in reuse and recycling. In particular, an examination of remodeling cases for existing aging spaces revealed infinite possibilities for utilizing reusable materials. Second, in terms of sustainability, an important aspect of utilizing reusable materials is to bolster public confidence in environmental friendliness, for which acts of environmental preservation, such as minimizing environmental destruction and reducing waste, were found to take priority. Third, the importance of advertising and promotion to marketing and sales was highlighted as crucial to vitalizing the utilization of reusable materials in various fields. Fourth, in terms of distribution services, it was confirmed that from website design to development, distribution, and commercialization, expansion is essential to the smooth distribution of reusable materials. (Conclusions) This study should provide ideas and opportunities for the many designers who are tasked with creating innovative new designs through web design and the use of reusable materials in environmentally sustainable spaces. (연구배경 및 목적) 본 연구는 지속가능한 공간을 위한 재사용 디자인의 웹 개발을 위한 예비 연구로써 웹 개발을 통해 재사용 디자인 환경을 조성하고 많은 수요자들의 참여를 확장하고 보급함으로써 지속가능한 공간의 활성화에 기여할 수 있는 토대를 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 재사용 디자인을 활용한 웹 사이트 개발을 위해 공간디자인 분야의 전문가를 중심으로 심층인터뷰를 실시함으로써 보다 실질적이고 현실적인 문제에 대해 접근하고 이를 해결하고자 한다. (연구방법) 본 연구의 조사를 위해 조사대상자는 재사용 재료 관련 분야의 업무경력이 있는 전문가들 25명을 대상으로 개별 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 조사대상자는 주로 실내·공간디자인 전공의 여성이 대부분이었으며, 관련업무경력이 20년 전후인 40~50대 실무직과 교육·연구직에 종사하는 전문가들로 구성되었다. 진행방법으로는 재사용 재료 관련 전반에 해당되는 목록을 토대로 연구자가 작성한 반구조화된 개방형 질문지를 중심으로 조사가 이루어졌으며, 주된 면접기법으로는 서술적인 질문에 따른 조사대상자의 답변에 대해 좀 더 구체적이고 분석적인 재질문을 하여 심화된 응답자의 대답을 유도할 수 있도록 사다리법(ladder research)으로 진행하였다. (결과) 본 전문가 심층인터뷰 조사를 통하여 재사용 재료 활용과 관련된 문제를 고려하여 해결방안을 제시하고 더욱 활성활 시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 질적 연구방법인 심층면접법을 사용하여 자료를 수집하였으며 도출된 12가지 특성의 결과를 기반으로 시장분석, 지속가능성, 마케팅 영업, 유통 서비스의 4가지로 구분하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 재사용 재료 관련 시장 분석을 통해 본 결과, 재사용, 재활용에 대한 사회적 관심이 확대되면서 대중에게도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 기존의 노후화된 공간 리모델링 사례를 살펴보면서 재사용 재료 활용에 대한 무한한 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 지속가능성 측면에서 검토해 본 결과, 재사용 재료를 활용에서 중요한 것은 환경 친화성에 대한 공신력을 갖추는 것으로써 환경 파괴를 최소화하고 폐기물을 줄이는 등의 환경보존이 우선적 의미가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마케팅 영업 측면에서 검토해 본 결과, 다양한 분야에서 재사용 재료의 활용을 활성화시킬 수 있으려면 광고와 홍보가 마케팅에서 얼마나 중요한지 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 유통 서비스 측면에서 검토해 본 결과, 재사용 재료의 원활한 유통을 위해서 웹 사이트 디자인에서부터 개발, 보급, 실용화까지의 확장이 필수적이라는 것을 본 연구의 조사를 통해 확인할 수 있었다. (결론) 본 연구를 통해 환경지속적인 공간을 위한 재사용 재료의 웹 디자인 및 구현으로 인해 새로운 디자인을 창조해야 하는 많은 디자이너들에게 아이디어를 제공함과 동시에 혁신적인 디자인을 창조할 수 있는 기회를 마련해야 할 것이다.

Final Report of the 2011 Project: Forming the Public Opinion on the Korean Unification

학회자료 연세대학교 통일연구소 2012 통일연구 Vol.16 No.1

The Institute for Korean Unification Studies, Yonsei University (IKUS) and Research and Research, Inc. (R&R) took part in Forming Public Opinion on the Preparation for the Korean Unification Project. The two institutions took charge of forming public opinion in economic circles. The project aimed to collect opinion on Korean Unification, examine the reason for opposing it, and discover the means to weaken the negative opinion and promote positive opinion on it. A survey and in-depth-interviews targeting business people were carried out and 15 forums were held as part of this project. To encourage debates on Korean Unification in non-Seoul areas, some forums were held in Chuncheon, Cheju, Pohang, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju, and Daejeon. IKUS co-sponsored these forums with local economic organizations like the Chamber of Commerce & Industry of each city. By its co-sponsorship, IKUS could attract attention of the local business people. In Seoul, IKUS co-sponsored forums with major Korean economic organizations such as the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry, the Korean International Trade Association, and the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business. IKUS also held a forum with the Kaesong Business Owners` Association in order to collect the opinion of business people engaging in the South-North Economic Cooperation. IKUS also organized forums for business people working in financial business, IT industry, service industry and tourism. IKUS co-sponsored a forum with Mirae Asset, a leading company in financial business. At the forum, useful information on the economic effects of Korean Unification was provided to business people including influential fund managers. IKUS and the Korea Tourism Organization, Korea`s official tourism agency, co-sponsored another forum targeting people engaging in tourism. IKUS also held a forum with Mirae Leaders Club, a social gathering of Korean business people including influential figures in the IT and service industry. In particular, IKUS and the Korea Economic Daily organized a forum in which experts on Korean unification and Korean economy discussed understanding business people`s opinions on Korean unification through in-depth interviews. Through these forums, many business people including influential business leaders joined discussions on Korean unification and preparation for it. Business people and unification experts discussed various issues such as financial costs for the unification, the benefit of unification, means to reduce the financial costs for unification, and the economic effects of the income gap between the South and the North after the unification. On the one hand, the government`s plans for unification were introduced to business people. In addition, the opinions of business people were collected and reported to the Ministry of Unification after the forums. In selecting the discussion topics, regional characteristics were considered. For example, borderland development was discussed in Chuncheon and Incheon. Local business leaders and public servants were invited to deliver presentations reflecting the local conditions. The survey of opinions on Korean unification was conducted from February 9 to 22. IKUS and R&R surveyed 1,015 business people. It was the first nationwide survey of business people on Korean unification issues. Through this survey, IKUS could collect objective data on business people`s opinion on Korean unification and preparation for it. These data are very valuable because business people are important opinion makers in Korean society. They would also play an important role in achieving economic integration of the South and the North, and providing economic resources for Korean unification. The survey showed 72.0% of those questioned were in favor of Korean unification and 23.4% of them were against it. Among those against unification, 69.7% chose economic burden as the main reason for their opposition. This means that diminishing business people`s fear for unification costs should be a top priority in boosting their support for unification. The survey also revealed that 72.3% of those questioned agreed economic resources for unification should be accumulated "from now." However, only 10.8% of the respondents agreed to raise taxes in order to accumulate money for unification. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in May and June. Thirty-five business executives were interviewed for around 1 hour. These interviews made it possible to understand the ambivalent attitudes of business people on unification issues. The survey showed that business people agreed to accumulate resources for unification but did not want to share the burden. However, a careful reading of what the interviewees said revealed that business people recognized the necessity of tax increases. The interviewees opposed the government`s trying to raise tax without explaining how much money would be needed for unification and how the new revenue would be used. The interviewees, however, answered that they would pay more taxes if the government suggested concrete plans and made efforts to form a social consensus about preparing for the unification costs. During the interviews many business executives showed their interest in investing in North Korea. They pointed out cheap labor, rich mineral resources, proximity to South Korea, and Korean-speaking environment as the advantages of North Korea. Even those reluctant to invest in North Korea said they would invest there if the two Koreas were unified. Interviewees argued that South Korean companies` activities in North Korea should not be hampered by the South Korean government`s restrictions reflecting politics between the South and the North. They also called for the enlargement of inter-Korean economic cooperation, more flexible policy towards North Korea, and the resumption of inter- Korean talks. Many local and nationwide media reported on the forums and survey results. Newspapers wrote about the forums and survey results 62 times and TV news reported them 11 times. The survey results for the opinion on Korean unification were reported by 6 newspapers and 1 TV station. The TV station talked about the results 7 times in its news programs. In a forum, the results of the in-depth interviews were discussed by unification experts and economists. The interview results and their discussion were reported by the Korea Economic Daily which cosponsored the forum. Four newspapers gave prominent coverage to a presentation delivered at the forum cosponsored by IKUS and Mirae Asset because it critically reviewed existing ways of calculating unification costs and proposed an alternative. The forum cosponsored by IKUS and the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry also grabbed the attention of the media. Seven newspapers and 1 TV station reported on it. Forums in Cheju, Daejeon, and Gwangju received attention from the local press.