Effect of Photoperiod, Temperature and True-leaf Stage in Bolting Rate of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus)

Lim,Jung-Dae,Seo,Jeong-Sik,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Yu,Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Root chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus) is potential alternative medicinal and sugar crop which accumulates a high amount of linear polyfructan, inulin in its roots. A problem in root production is that over-wintered stock plants often flower. Once the plant becomes reproductive, stem elongation and root growth slows and floral buds arise from every node, rendering the plants useless for propagation. The objectives of this research was to examine the effectiveness of manipulating environmental factors containing photoperiod, temperature and number of leaf states. The experiment was performed in growth chamber to create two photoperiods (8 h, and 16 h) with three temperature regimes (5℃/3℃, 10℃/8℃, and 15℃/13℃ day/night temperature) for a total of six treatments on three type of true-leaf stage of plant. Data of bolting rate, shoot and root length, shoot and fresh weight was invetigated in each treatments. This is the first report on changes in bolting rate and shoots and roots production during a whole growing season and differences in the effect of cold and photoperiod treatment depending on the true-leaf stage of plant.

Improved Micropropagation of Root Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus.

Lim,Jung-Dae,Yang,Deok-Chun,Lee,Hyeon-Yong,Kim,Jong-Dai,Lee,Jin-Ha,Sung,Eun-Soo,Yu Chang-Yeon 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L^-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L^-1. Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

경쟁 위협과 자기자본비용

임승연(Lim, Seung-Yeon),최가영(Choi, Ga-Young) 한국국제회계학회 2021 국제회계연구 Vol.- No.99

[연구목적] 본 연구에서는 기업의 사업보고서의 비계량적 정보에 기반한 경쟁 변수인 기업의 경쟁 위협과 자기자본비용 간의 관계를 분석하고자 한다. 선행연구에 의하면 기업 간 경쟁이 치열해질수록 기업의 이익이 줄어들고 변동성이 높아지기 때문에 부도 위험이 증가할 수 있지만, 또 한편으로는 이러한 경쟁이 외부의 감독(monitoring) 역할을 하게 되어 경영진과 주주간의 대리인 위험을 감소시켜 정보비대칭 위험이 줄어들 수도 있다. 따라서 기업이 직면한 경쟁 정도는 자기자본비용에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 이는 실증분석의 대상이 된다. [연구방법] Hoberg et al.(2014)에 의해 개발된 기업 수준의 경쟁 위협 변수(Fluidity)를 이용하여 기업이 직면한 경쟁과 자기자본비용 간의 관계를 살펴본다. 또한, 매출 상위기업이나 이익 상위 기업은 경쟁의 선도자(leaders)로서 해당 기업이 제공하는 정보는 독점정보의 공시비용(proprietary cost)이 클 것으로 예상되므로, 매출(이익)의 상위기업으로서 매출액(혹은 당기순이익) 기준으로 상위 10%와 25%에 속하는 기업에 더미변수를 부여하여 기업의 경쟁 변수와 자기자본비용 간의 관계에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 분석한다. [연구결과] 본 연구에서는 경쟁 위협이 심해질수록 자기자본비용이 감소하는 결과를 제시한다. 이는 경쟁이 치열해질수록 경영진과 주주간의 대리인 위험을 감소시켜 정보비대칭 위험이 줄어들기 때문이라고 해석할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 매출(이익) 측면에서 선도 기업에서는 반대로 나타나고 있다, 즉, 매출(이익)의 상위 기업의 경우 독점정보의 공시비용 때문에 경쟁이 심해질수록 자기자본비용이 증가한다는 결과를 제시한다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 정보위험 관점에서 기업 수준의 경쟁 위협과 자기자본비용 간의 관계를 실증분석한 후, 기업이 경쟁의 선도기업인지 여부에 따라 이들 간의 관계가 다름을 보인 최초의 연구이다. 경쟁에서 기업의 위치에 따라 정보위험 역시 달라진다는 것을 시사하고 있다. [Purpose] This study investigates the relation between the firm-level competition using qualitative information based on financial statements and the implied cost of equity capital. While some studies suggest that intensified competition may lead to distress risk due to a decreased profit or its uncertainty, other studies suggest that competition may play a monitoring role and hence decrease information risk caused by the reduced agency problem between manager and owners. Therefore, competition may be related to the cost of equity capital. [Methodology] As a proxy for firm-level competition, we use Fluidity developed by Hoberg et al.(2014) and examine the relation between a firm’s competition and its cost of equity capital. In addition, we divide firms into industry leaders and industry followers based on sales or profit, and then reexamine the relation between firm-level competition and cost of equity capital for the industry leader companies because the leader companies tend to be reluctant to provide their information due to proprietary costs. [Findings] This study provides evidence of the negative relation between firm-level competition and cost of equity capital, suggesting that information asymmetry decreases as competition intensifies. However, for the leader companies, we find the positive relation between firm-level competition and cost of equity capital due to proprietary costs. [Implications] We shed light on information risk in the relation between the firm-level competition and cost of equity capital. This is the first paper to show that the relation between the firm-level competition and cost of equity capital can be different depending on the firm’s competitive status.

5급 와동에서 수종의 상아질 접착제에 따른 미세누출의 비교

임연희,이희주,허복 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microleakage of six current dentin bonding systems. In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of thirty extracted human molars. Each margin was on enamel and dentin/cementum. Experimental teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 5 each. Group 1 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose ; Group 2 : Single Bond ; Group 3 : Prime&Bond NT ; Group 4 : Clearfil Liner Bond 2 ; Group 5 : MAC-Bond II ; Group 6 : One-up Bond F. The bonding agent and composite resin were applied to class V cavities according to manufacturer's directions. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The degree of microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereomicroscope at ×20. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. When significant differences found, multiple comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of this study were as follows : 1.In all groups, leakage value seen at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin(P<0.001). 2.At the enamel margin, none of the dentin bonding systems used in this study showed statistically significant difference in leakage values(P<0.05). 3.At the cementum margin, group 3 showed the highest leakage value, and others were decreased as group 5, 6, 4 in that order, and group 1, 2 showed the lowest leakage value. There was statistically significant difference between group 3 and the other groups except for group 5(P<0.05).

업무상 질병으로 요양 승인된 의료기관 종사자 및 질병의 특성

임현술,안연순 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 의료기관 종사자는 다양한 위험 요인에 노출되어 있지만 지금까지 의료기관 종사자에 대한 건강장해에 대한 관심은 적었다. 본 연구는 의료기관 종사자가 업무상질병으로 요양 승인된 질병 사례를 검토하여 의료기관 종사자의 업무상질병의 종류와 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 근로복지공단에서 1999년과 2000년 업무상질병자 또는 기타 재해자로 입력된 전산 자료를 한국산업안전공단 전산망에 연결하여 자료를 다운받아 업무상질병을 재분류한 후 2001년 6월 30일까지 요양 승인된 업무상질병자 5,460명을 파악하였다. 이들 중 의료기관 종사자인 근로자 142명을 대상으로 하여 성별, 연령, 진단명 및 직종을 파악하여 기술역학적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 업무상질병자 중에서 의료기관 종사자의 점유율은 1999년과 2000년 각각 2.6%이었다. 질병별 분포는 감염성 질환이 61명(43.0%), 뇌·심장혈관계 질환이 60명(42.3%), 근육골격계 질환이 18명(12.6%), 기타 3명(2.1%)이었다. 성별 분포는 남성 59명(41.5%), 여성 83명(58.5%)으로 여성이 많았다. 연령별 질병별 분포는 20대가 64명(45.1%)으로 가장 많았고, 30대 30명(21.1%), 40대 25명(17.6%), 50대 17명(12.0%), 60대 6명(4.2%)의 순으로 감소하였다. 직종별 질병별 분포는 간호사 및 간호조무사가 64명(45.1%)으로 가장 많았고, 의사 19명(13.4%), 사무직 18명(12.7%), 조리실 10명(7.0%), 영선부 5명(3.5%), 임상병리사 5명(3.5%), 환경미화원 4명(2.8%)의 순이었다. 질병별 분포는 1999년 감염성 질환은 결핵이 21명, 간염은 B형 간염 3명, C형 간염 2명, 수두 1명이었다. 뇌·심장혈관계 질환은 뇌출혈 14명, 뇌경색 7명, 심근경색증 7명이었다. 근육골격계 질환은 좌완관절전위 1명, 요추부 추간판탈출증 2명, 좌측견관절 상부관절 와순파열 및 감입증후군 1명이었다. 2000년 감염성 질환은 결핵이 23명, 간염 5명, 수두 3명, 홍역 3명이었다. 뇌·심장혈관계 질환은 뇌출혈 14명, 뇌경색 4명 심근경색증 12명 심실세동 1명, 중심망막동맥폐쇄 1명이었다. 근육골격계질환은 경추부 추간판탈출증 4명, 요추부 추간판탈출증 4명, 주관절 내상과염 1명, 견관절 극상근 건초염 1명, 수지 활액낭염 1명, 주관절 염좌 1명, 견괄절 충돌증후군 1명, 근막통증 증후군 1명이었다. 결론: 의료기관 종사자의 승인된 업무상질병은 감염성 질환, 뇌·심장혈관계 질환 및 근육골격계 질환이 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 앞으로 의료기관 종사자의 유해 환경 노출 실태 및 업무상질병 여부를 파악하고 의료기관 종사자를 제도적으로 보호할 수 있는 산업보건 정책이 강구되어야 한다. Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among health care workers in Korea. Methods: Using the database of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC), 5,460 approved occupational disease cases, between Jan 1, 1999 and Dec 31, 2000, and approved by the Jun 30, 2001, were collected. Of these, the 142 health care worker cases were investigated. Results: The proportion of health care workers among the total cases reported in 1999 and 2000 was 2.6%, respectively. The diseases were infectious in 61(43.0%), cerebro-cardiovascular in 60(42.3%)and musculoskeletal in 18 cases(12.6%). The distributions of the occupational diseases by sex were 59(41.5%)and 83 cases(58.5%), in males and females, respectively. The distributions of the occupational diseases by age were 64(45.1%), 30(21.1%), 25(17.6%) and 17 cases(12.0%), in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s, respectively. For the cases of infectious diseases by age there were 48(78.7%) in their 20s and 12(19.7%)in their 30s, for the cases of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases by age there were 17(28.3%)in their 40s, 16(26.7%)in their 50s and 12(20.0%)in their 20s, and for the cases of musculoskeletal diseases there were 7(38.9%)in their 30s and 4(22.2%)in their 20s. The distributions of the cases of occupational diseases by department were 64(45.1%), 19(13.4%), 18(12.7%), and 10(7.0%)in the nursing, doctors, officers, and food services departments, respectively. Conclusions: The major occupational diseases of health care workers, as approved by the KLWC, were the infectious, cerebro-cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. A special management policy must be considered to prevent occupational diseases of health care workers in Korea.

數學敎育의 現況分析과 改善方案 (Ⅱ) : 中·高校 數學科 運營과 敎師 現況分析 Analysis of administrations and teachers of today's math. department in the middle and high schools

林在圭,奇宇恒,金演哲,金正遠 慶北大學校 師範大學 1981 敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

Owing to the curriculum's revision of primary and high school in the beginning of 1970, several elementary concepts of modern mathematics were introduced as new teaching contents. So the efficient ways to reeducate the present teachers and to publish a desirable textbook have been badly needed. In this paper, we investigate the present situations of administration and teachers of mathematics department in the city and rural area. On the basis of these results, we find out the better ways of mathematics education from the following points of view: 1. The general administrations of mathematics department. 2. The reeducation and education for mathematics teachers. 3. Mathematics textbooks. 4. Evaluations and tests.

혼합치열기의 miniscrew를 이용한 교정치료

임수민,양연미,김재곤,백병주,이용훈,신정근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient s cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems, In comparison to adult's bones, children s bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results. 교정치료 시 고정원은 항상 염두에 두면서 치료를 진행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 전통적인 고정원을 이용한 치료는 환자의 적극적인 협조를 필요로 하고 원하는 치아이동에 대한 반작용이 나타날 수 있는 등의 부작용을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 보다 견고한 구강 내 고정원이 요구되어져 왔으며 이를 위해 miniscrew가 임상에서 흔히 이용되고 있다. Miniscrew를 통한 고정원의 확보는 구외력 의존도 감소,치료기간의 단축,식립 후 즉시 교정력 적용,환자의 협조도 불필요,식립의 간편성,저렴한 비용 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 성장기 환자는 성인에 비해 골질이 좋지 않아 miniscrew의 성공률이 성인에 비해 낮다. 그러나 일단 고정에 성공하면 많은 교정치료 시 매우 유용하게 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 흔합치열기 환자를 miniscrew를 이용하여 정중이개 및 정중선 불일치,매복치에 대한 양호한 교정치료를 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

사람 위장관의 발달에 관한 형태학적 연구

서연림,지제근 대한병리학회 1990 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.24 No.2

産褥期 感染 誘發 細菌의 生育을 억제하는 韓藥材 探索에 關한 硏究

임재연,성연수,김희진,이태균 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1997 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.1

産褥期 感染이란 分娩後 生殖器의 細菌에 의한 感染을 意味하며, 産後 體溫上昇의 大部分은 骨盤感染에 의한 것으로 産褥期 感染의 重要한 指漂가 된다. 한의학에서 産後發熱의 病因病耭는 주로 邪毒感染, 血瘀, 外感, 血虛 등으로 보았으며, 치료는 一般的으로 産後疾患에는 處證이 많아 發表攻裏를 過度하게 하지 않고, 氣血과 營衛의 調和에 위주로 하나, 外感과 裏實證을 疏怒히 하면 안된다. 따라서 産後發熱을 惹起하는 各種 原因菌에 對한 客觀的인 抑制效果의 檢證은 産後發熱의 治療率을 높이는데 중요하다. 그 결과 산욕기감염을 유발하는 各種 細菌에 對해 黃連, 烏梅, 五味子 등의 水溶性 抽出物이 杭菌活性이 相對的으로 좋은 效果를 보였다. 따라서 産褥期 感染의 治療에 이들 韓藥材를 이용하면 보다 效果的일 것으로 생각된다. Deparment of Oriental Medicine, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Major in Oriental Ob & Gy. Various kinds of medicinal herbs and prescribed herb medicines which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat, and detoxication were secreened for antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis which causing puerperal infection. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon(C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza(S. chinensis) were determined and using thin-layer chromatography the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza were separated. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Chiza(G. jasminoides), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris ; among them, the extracts of Hwangyon, Omae, and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Keumeunhwa(L. japonica), Hwangyon(C. japonica), Hwangkeum(S. baicalensis), Hwangbaek(P. amurense), Dansam(S. miltiorrhiza), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S, chinensis), Gingseng(P. ginseng), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus ; among them, the extracts of Hwangyon and Omiza showed high antibacterial activities. The water-soluble extracts of Banggi(C. trilobus), Daehwang(R. coreanum), Omae(P. mume), Omiza(S. chinensis), and Gamcho(G. uralensis) inhibited the cell growth of E. faecalis ; among them, Omae and 0miza showed high antibacterial activities. The extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) and Omae(P. mume) showed no inhibition against E. coli. However, the extract of Omiza(S. chinensis) inhibited cell growth of both E. coli and B. subtilis. 2. The water- and ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaries and S. aureus, those of Omae(P. mume) against P. vulgaris and E. faecalis, and those of Omize(S. chinensis) against all species tested, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis. With the exception that ethanol-soluble extract of Hwangyon(C. japonica) showed much higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus than water-soluble one, antibacterial activities of both water- and ethanol-soluble ones were similar to each of other two medicinal herbs. 3.When the prescribed herb medicines were tested, Sambohwan showed antibacterial activities against P. vulgaris and S. aureus. No prescribed herb medicine inhibited the cell growth of E. faecalis. 4. Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of both water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of Hwangyon (C. japonica), Omae(P. mume), and Omiza (S. chinensis) against P. vulgaris were 2.5㎎/㎖, 10㎎/㎖, and 20㎎/㎖, respectively. Those of both Hwangyon (C. japonica) and Omiza(S. chinensis) against S. aureus were 1.25㎎/㎖ and 10㎎/㎖, respectively. MICs of water-soluble extracts of Omae(P. mume) and Omiza(S. chinensis) aganist E. faecalis were 2.5㎎/㎖ and 5㎎/㎖, and those of ethanol-soluble extracts were 5㎎/㎖ and 10㎎/㎖, respectively. Except for those of E. faecalis, the cell growth of P. vulgaris and S. aureus were inhibited by much lower concentration of ethanol-soluble extracts used. As a result, the antibacterial compounds against P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. aecalis are contained in the extracts of Hwangyon(C, japonica), 0mae(P. mume), 0miza(S. chinensis), the prescribed herb medicine, Sambohwan, and might be used for treatment of puerperal infection. Further study should be carried out to identify which compounds affect the cell growth inhibition of P. vulgaris, S. aureus, and E. faecalis.

사람의 간내담관의 발달에 관한 형태학적 및 면역조직학적 연구

서연림,지제근 대한병리학회 1994 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.28 No.1