Multiple heterologous M2 extracellular domains presented on virus-like particles confer broader and stronger M2 immunity than live influenza A virus infection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.S.,Kwon, Y.M.,O, E.,Lee, Y.J.,Choi, J.G.,Wang, B.Z.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2013 Antiviral research Vol.99 No.3

The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is poorly immunogenic and has some amino acid changes among isolates from different host species. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Immunization of mice with M2e5x VLPs induced protective antibodies cross-reactive to antigenically different influenza A viruses and conferred cross protection. Anti-M2e antibodies induced by heterologous M2e5x VLPs showed a wider range of cross reactivity to influenza A viruses at higher levels than those by live virus infection, homologous M2e VLPs, or M2e monoclonal antibody 14C2. Fc receptors were found to be important for mediating protection by immune sera from M2e5x VLP vaccination. The present study provides evidence that heterologous recombinant M2e5x VLPs can be more effective in inducing protective M2e immunity than natural virus infection and further supports an approach for developing an effective universal influenza vaccine.

Metabolic characterization of (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-methanone (MAM-2201) using human liver microsomes and cDNA-overexpressed cytochrome P450 enzymes

Kong, T. Y.,Kim, J. H.,Choi, W. G.,Lee, J. Y.,Kim, H. S.,Kim, J. Y.,In, M. K.,Lee, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol.409 No.6

<P>MAM-2201 is a synthetic cannabinoid that is increasingly found in recreational drug abusers and cases of severe intoxication. Thus, characterization of the metabolic pathways of MAM-2201 is necessary to predict individual pharmacokinetics and toxicity differences, and to avoid toxic drug-drug interactions. Collectively, 19 phase 1 metabolites of MAM-2201 were identified using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry following human liver microsomal incubations in the presence of NADPH: 7 hydroxy-MAM-2201 (M1-M7), 4 dihydroxy-MAM-2201 (M8-M11), dihydrodiol-MAM-2201 (M12), N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-MAM-2201 (M13), hydroxy-M13 (M14), N-dealkyl-MAM-2201 (M15), 2 hydroxy-M15 (M16, M17), MAM-2201 N-pentanoic acid (M18), and hydroxy-M18 (M19). On the basis of intrinsic clearance values in human liver microsomes, hydroxy-MAM-2201 (M1), N-(5-hydroxypentyl)-MAM-2201 (M13), and hydroxy-M13 (M14) were the major metabolites. Based on an enzyme kinetics study using human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and an immunoinhibition study using selective CYP antibodies in human liver microsomes, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 enzymes were responsible for MAM-2201 metabolism. The CYP3A4 enzyme played a prominent role in MAM-2201 metabolism, and CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9 enzymes played major roles in the formation of some metabolites. MAM-2201 is extensively metabolized by multiple CYP enzymes, indicating that MAM-2201 and its metabolites should be used as markers of MAM-2201 abuse and toxicity.</P>

Amplification of Porcine SRY Gene for Sex Determination

Choi, S.G.,Bae, M.S.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, S.O.,Kim, B.K.,Yang, J.H.,Jeon, C.E.,Kim, H.H.,Hwang, Y.J.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, D.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8

The separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm is of use in many aspects of livestock maintenance. In this study, we sought to determine the difference in DNA content between X- and Y-bearing sperm, separate sperm into X- and Y-enriched pools, and assess the efficacy of sorting. Sperm collected from Duroc and miniature pigs were stained with 20.8 $\mu{M}$ Hoechst 33342 and analyzed using a high-speed cell sorter. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of stained sperm nuclei revealed that the X-bearing sperm of Duroc and miniature pigs respectively contain 2.75% and 2.88% more DNA than Y-bearing sperm. In total, 50.18% of the sperm were assigned to the X-sorted sample and 49.82% was assigned to the Y-sorted sample for Duroc pigs. For miniature pigs, the Xsorted sample represented 50.19% of the population and the Y-sorted represented 49.81% of the population. Duplex PCR was used to evaluate accuracy of sorting. A fast and reliable method for porcine sexing was developed through amplification of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the conserved porcine SRY high motility group (HMG) box sequence motif. We found that the primer pair designed in this study was 1.46 times more specific than previously reported primers. Thus, this study shows that the present method can be applied in porcine breeding programs to facilitate manipulation of the sex ratio of offspring and to achieve precise sexing of porcine offspring by amplification of the HMG box of the SRY gene.

Microneedle patch delivery to the skin of virus-like particles containing heterologous M2e extracellular domains of influenza virus induces broad heterosubtypic cross-protection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.W.,Choi, H.J.,Lee, Y.N.,Hwang, H.S.,Lee, J.,Kim, C.,Lee, J.S.,Montemagno, C.,Prausnitz, M.R.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.210 No.-

A broadly cross-protective influenza vaccine that can be administrated by a painless self-immunization method would be a value as a potential universal mass vaccination strategy. This study developed a minimally-invasive microneedle (MN) patch for skin vaccination with virus-like particles containing influenza virus heterologous M2 extracellular (M2e) domains (M2e5x VLPs) as a universal vaccine candidate without adjuvants. The stability of M2e5x VLP-coated microneedles was maintained for 8weeks at room temperature without losing M2e antigenicity and immunogenicity. MN skin immunization induced strong humoral and mucosal M2e antibody responses and conferred cross-protection against heterosubtypic H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza virus challenges. In addition, M2e5x VLP MN skin vaccination induced T-helper type 1 responses such as IgG2a isotype antibodies and IFN-γ producing cells at higher levels than those by conventional intramuscular injection. These potential immunological and logistic advantages for skin delivery of M2e5x VLP MN vaccines could offer a promising approach to develop an easy-to-administer universal influenza vaccine.

An exploratory study of cloud remote sensing capabilities of the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) imagery

Choi, Y. -S.,Ho, C. -H.,Ahn, M. -H.,Kim, Y. -M. TaylorFrancis 2007 International journal of remote sensing Vol.28 No.21

<P> The present study documents optimal methods for the retrieval of cloud properties using five channels (0.6, 3.7, 6.7, 10.8 and 12.0 µm) that are used in many geostationary meteorological satellite observations. Those channels are also to be adopted for the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) scheduled to be launched in 2008. The cloud properties focused on are cloud thermodynamic phase, cloud optical thickness, effective particle radius and cloud-top properties with specific uncertainties. Discrete ordinate radiative transfer models are simulated to build up the retrieval algorithm. The cloud observations derived from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are compared with the results to assess the validity of the algorithm. The preliminary validation indicates that the additional use of a band at 6.7 µm would be better in discriminating the cloud ice phase. Cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius can also be produced up to, respectively, 64 and 32 µm by functionally eliminating both ground-reflected and cloud- and ground-thermal radiation components at 0.6 and 3.7 µm. Cloud-top temperature (pressure) in ±3 K (±50 hPa) uncertainties can be estimated by a simple 10.8-µm method for opaque clouds, and by an infrared ratioing method using 6.7 and 10.8 µm for semitransparent clouds.</P>

韓國人의 標準體重値와 正常適應體重値에 關한 硏究

尹太永,崔重明,朴淳永,金大棒 韓國保健敎育學會 1996 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Using Random Sampling, the authors measured the body heights and weights of 31,151 persons- 17,102 in males and 14,049 in females from metropolitan, urban and rural areas between 6 to over 80 year old - for the purpose of investigating the type and the actual condition of the Korean's growth and development. At first, on the basis of the results, the authors measured the growth and development, various kinds of physiques, nutritional index of the 6 to 20s age group. Second, the authors presented the standard body weight of males and females by their body height, who were in the end of their growth (20-29 age group). Third, the authors calculated and presented the normal adapted body weight of the age group who were over 30 age after the growth had been completed. Forth, the author presented the obesity rate of the adults over 20 years old by body mass index. Finally, the authors compared chronological change of the Koreans' body heights and body weights with the results of other researchers. 1. Body Measurement Rapid growth, in terms of body height, which is described by a straight line on a growth curve has been observed among males in the ages 6-13 and among females 6-14. That growth curve turned out to be slower among the people of higher ages by both sexes. The cross-over occurred in both sexes at 11-14. The highest growth rate for a year is at 13-16 for males and 11-13 for females. This indicates that females enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than males. 2. Various Physiques and Nutritional Index Rapid growth, in terms of Relative Body Weight Index, which is described by a straight line, has been observed among males in the ages 6-16 and females in the ages 6-14. The cross-over occurred in both sexes 12.5-14.5 age in the adolescencent period. Whereupon females outgrow males. The Roher Index displayed more good value in case of females than male and in the adolescent period, the level of fullness is lower than after the completion of development. The Kaup Indices of both sexes increase with age. The index is less than 2.0 for males in 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state4 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state. Body Mass Index is less than 20 for males 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group. In the case of the higher age group, that index maintains a normal state. 3. Average Body Height, Body Weight and Desirable Body Weight of Korean Youth (20-29 Age Group) The average body weight and body height of full-grown Korean youth was 172.5 ± 5.4㎝ and 66.3 = 9.5㎏ for male, 159.3 ±4.6 ㎝ and 53.5 ±6.9 ㎏ for females. In the case of calculating Desirable Body Weight of Korean youth, correlation coefficient of r = + 0.38(p < 0.001)between body height and body weight was found the male group and r = + 0.37(p < 0.001) in the female group, from which respective linear regression equation of body weight and height was established for male and female as follows; Male : Y(Body Weight, ㎏) = 0.66 x (Body Height, ㎝) - 48.93 Female :Y(Body Weight, ㎏) = 0.56 x (Body Height, ㎝) - 36.01 4. Formulae for calculating Normal Adapted Body Weight of Korean Adult. ⅰ)Average body height and body weight by age-groups 30-39 age-group Male : 170.4 ±4.9㎝ and 67.6 ±8.1㎏ Female : 158.5 ±3.9㎝ and 53.6 ±6.0㎏ 40-49 age-group Male : 169.1 ±4.9㎝ and 68.0 ±8.5㎏ Female : 157.3 ±4.7㎝ and 56.8 ±7.7㎏ 50-59 age-group Male : 168.1 ±6.8㎝ and 66.0 ±8.1㎏ Female : 157.2 ±4.7㎝ and 57.3 ±7.1㎏ 60-69 age-group Male : 168.0 ±5.3㎝ and 46.7 ±8.7㎏ Female : 155.2 ±5.0㎝ and 56.2 ±9.1㎏ Over 70 age-group Male : 166.1± 6.5㎝ and 62.8±1.2㎏ Female : 152.8 ±5.3㎝ and 52.8 ±8.5㎏ ⅱ) Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression Equation by Age-groups 30-39 age-group Male : r=+0.44(p<0.001), Y=0.73X-57.94 Female : r=+0.45(p<0.001), Y=0.68X-55.52 40-39 age-group Male : r=+0.54(p<0.001), Y=0.93X-89.92 Female : r=+0.41(p<0.001), Y=0.67X-50.52 50-59 age-group Male : r=+0.32(p<0.001), Y=0.38X-1.22 Female : r=+0.37(p<0.001), Y=0.55X-29.76 60-69 age-group Male : r=+0.51(p<0.001), Y=0.83X-74.84 Female : r=+0.39(p<0.001), Y=0.70X-53.06 over 70 age-group Male : r=+0.63(p<0.001), Y=1.10X-119.96 Female : r=+0.40(p<0.001), Y=0.63X-44.64 Standard Body Weight and Normal Adapted Body Weight of Korean Adult by Age. Using respective regression equation, standard body weight<Table 10, 11>, normal adapted body weight <Table 12~21>, overweight and underweight of the Korean Adult was established for each age group. 6. Obesity Rate of Korean Adult Obesity rate of Korean adult was 9.4% (Male: 9.9%, Female : 8.4%). 7. The Chronological Change on Mean Values of Body Height and Body Weight in Korean Adult The Comparison with the mean values of body height and weight from 1910s to the present 1994 was been remarkably improved, and listed in <Table 23>.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of decursin and decursinol angelate isolated from Angelica gigas against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast

Yoon, M.Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Ryu, S.Y.,Choi, G.J.,Choi, Y.H.,Jang, K.S.,Cha, B.,Han, S.S.,Kim, J.C. Academic Press 2011 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.101 No.2

Blast is considered the most important fungal disease of rice due to its wide distribution and destructiveness under favorable conditions. Development of new effective and environmentally benign agents against the causal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is of great interest. In the course of a search for natural antifungal compounds in medicinal plants, we found that the methanol extract of Angelica gigas roots showed a potent control efficacy against rice blast caused by M. oryzae. We isolated antifungal coumarins from the extract, and they were identified as decursin and decursinol angelate. Antifungal activities of these compounds, along with kasugamycin, were tested on M. oryzae in vivo and in vitro. In an in vivo assay, the three compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast at concentrations more than 100μg/mL. Coumarins showed relatively weak inhibitory effect on fungal mycelial growth when compared to kasugamycin. However, they strongly inhibited M. oryzae spore germination, which was not observed in kasugamycin treatments. This is the first report demonstrating that decursinol angelate can provide control against rice blast and that the two coumarins inhibit M. oryzae spore germination. In addition, the wettable powder formulation of the crude extract of A. gigas prohibited the development of blast symptoms on rice plants more effectively than liquid concentrate formulation of kasugamin, a commercial fungicide. Based on our study, we propose that coumarin compounds as well as the A. gigas root crude extract can be used as natural, benign fungicides for controlling rice blast.

간호대학생의 팀 프로젝트 경험

김명선,김주리,김휘주,손유진,신하늘,이나영,정다영,채유미,최지연,김미영,김태연 이화여자대학교간호학회 2020 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.54

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore what nursing students have experienced in carrying out team projects and what factors should be considered in the following team projects. Methods: The data were collected from June 2019 to January 2020 by nine researchers conducting a semi-structured and face-to-face interview with 10 participants. A total of three interviews per participant were conducted respectively, and additional datas were supplemented by In-person or telephone interview. This study was applied qualitative content analysis method by Elo and Kyngas in data analysis process. Results: Participants' team project experience were emerged into six categories. These were ‘method of team organization’, ‘the number of team members’, ‘team leader’, ‘method of communication’, ‘free rider’, and ‘peer evaluation’. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it focused on nursing students and explored their team project experience. It is also important that this study suggested that the number of team members, which has not been noted before in other studies, affects the quality of team projects.

A SUPER-JUPITER MICROLENS PLANET CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH-CADENCE KMTNET MICROLENSING SURVEY OBSERVATIONS OF OGLE-2015-BLG-0954

신인구,Y.-H. Ryu,A. Udalski,M. Albrow,S.-M. Cha,J.-Y. Choi,S.-J. Chung,C. Han,K.-H. Hwang,Y. K. Jung,D.-J. Kim,S.-L. Kim,C.-U. Lee,Y. Lee,B.-G. Park,H. Park,R. W. Pogge,J. C. Yee,P. Pietrukowicz,P. Mroz 한국천문학회 2016 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.49 No.3

We report the characterization of a massive $(m_p=3.9\pm 1.4 M_{\rm jup})$ microlensing planet (OGLE-2015-BLG-0954Lb) orbiting an M dwarf host ($M=0.33\,\pm 0.12 M_\odot$) at a distance toward the Galactic bulge of $0.6^{+0.4}_{-0.2}\,$kpc, which is extremely nearby by microlensing standards. The planet-host projected separation is $a_\perp \sim 1.2\,\au$. The characterization was made possible by the wide-field ($4\,\rm deg^2$) high cadence ($\Gamma = 6\,\rm hr^{-1}$) monitoring of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), which had two of its three telescopes in commissioning operations at the time of the planetary anomaly. The source crossing time $t_*=16\,$min is among the shortest ever published. The high-cadence, wide-field observations that are the hallmark of KMTNet are the only way to routinely capture such short crossings. High-cadence resolution of short caustic crossings will preferentially lead to mass and distance measurements for the lens. This is because the short crossing time typically implies a nearby lens, which enables the measurement of additional effects (bright lens and/or microlens parallax). When combined with the measured crossing time, these effects can yield planet/host masses and distance.

RAPD PCR와 ITS-RFLP 분석에 의한 국내 피부진균속 분류 및 동정

이영선,유재일,최연화,주형렬,박만석,김봉수 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-