Sea-urchin-like iron oxide nanostructures for water treatment

Lee, H.U.,Lee, S.C.,Lee, Y.C.,Vrtnik, S.,Kim, C.,Lee, S.,Lee, Y.B.,Nam, B.,Lee, J.W.,Park, S.Y.,Lee, S.M.,Lee, J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.262 No.-

To obtain adsorbents with high capacities for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants capable of quick magnetic separation, we fabricated unique sea-urchin-like magnetic iron oxide (mixed γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> phase) nanostructures (called u-MFN) with large surface areas (94.1m<SUP>2</SUP>g<SUP>-1</SUP>) and strong magnetic properties (57.9emug<SUP>-1</SUP>) using a simple growth process and investigated their potential applications in water treatment. The u-MFN had excellent removal capabilities for the heavy metals As(V) (39.6mgg<SUP>-1</SUP>) and Cr(VI) (35.0mgg<SUP>-1</SUP>) and the organic pollutant Congo red (109.2mgg<SUP>-1</SUP>). The u-MFN also displays excellent adsorption of Congo red after recycling. Because of its high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate, and quick magnetic separation from treated water, the u-MFN developed in the present study is expected to be an efficient magnetic adsorbent for heavy metals and organic pollutants in aqueous solutions.

Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of citrus fruit peels over mesoporous MFI and Al-MCM-41

Kim, Y.M.,Jae, J.,Lee, H.W.,Han, T.U.,Lee, H.,Park, S.H.,Kim, S.,Watanabe, C.,Park, Y.K. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Energy conversion and management Vol.125 No.-

The thermal and ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of different citrus peels, Citrus paradisi peel, Citrus sinensis peel, Citrus unshiu peel, and Citrus limon peel, were studied by thermogravimetric, evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry and tandem micro-reactor-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry analyses. Kinetic analysis revealed more complicated reaction steps and a wider range of activation energies of citrus peels than those of wood powder due to the presence of pectin in the citrus peels. Large amounts of methanol formation from each citrus peel were also recorded by evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry and fast pyrolysis-gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry analyses at the main decomposition temperature of pectin, between 150 and 250<SUP>o</SUP>C. Mesoporous MFI was found to be a more effective catalyst for the production of mono aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; 3.06-4.17C%) and light olefins (ethene, propene, butene, and butadiene; 8.13-9.13C%) than Al-MCM-41 (mono aromatic compounds 0.67-0.93C% and light olefins 3.61-4.58C%) because of its higher catalytic activity in deoxygenation and aromatization due to the stronger acidity of mesoporous MFI. The yield of mono aromatic compounds over mesoporous MFI was highest from C. paradisi peel (4.17C%), followed in order by C. sinensis peel (3.83C%), C. unshiu peel (3.61C%), and C. limon peel (3.06C%), due mainly to the different contents and properties of pectin in each citrus peel. The higher activities of mesoporous MFI than Al-MCM-41 were also maintained during the 7 times sequential catalytic pyrolysis of C. paradisi peel, demonstrating the stability of mesoporous MFI catalyst.

더러브렛 경주마에 있어서 HMS7 과 EA2C4 Microsatellites 를 이용한 친자감별

이광전,이연근,박경도,김정언,안준천 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.1

This study was performed to offer basic data for both selection and improvement of stallions through application of parentage testing according to analyzing the microsatellite loci of HMS7 and EA2C4 in related thoroughbred rating horses. Sampling horses used in this study were taken from 18 related thoroughbred racing horses (stallion:2, mare:8, foal:8) in the Won-Dang breeding hose farm of the KRHA(Korea Racing Horse Association). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Electrophoretic detection of PCR products was perforated by non-denaturating polyacrylamide gel. 2. Seperated gels in this experiment were dyed with silver nitrate. 3. Based on the amplified products for HMS7 and EA2C4 microsatellite loci using the PCR techniques, sizes of HMS7 ranged from 170bp to 180bp fragments, while sizes of EA2C4 ranged from 138bp to 150bp fragments. 4. Provided that HMS7 and EA2C4 microsatellite loci are in linkage etluilibrium, the amplified products for HMS7 and EA2C4 microsatellite were confirmed to be possible markers for parentage testing. 5. Detection of linkages between HMS7 and EA2C4 microsatellites loci can be utilized for finding die parentage confirmation in thoroughbred racing horses.

STOCHASTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RESISTANCE OF SM45C STEEL

Park, U.H.,Lee, H.W.,Kim, S.J.,Lee, C.R.,Kim, J.H. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.5

Reliability analysis based on fracture mechanics requires knowledge of the on statistical parameters m and C in the fatigue crack growth law $da/dN=C({\Delta}K)^m$. The purpose of the present study is to investigate if it is possible to explain the change of parameter m by the fluctuation of C only. In this study, we apply the Paris-Erdogan law treating the parameter C as random and the parameter m as constant. Fluctuations in crack growth rate are assumed to be dependent only on C. The material resistance to fatigue crack growth(Z=1/C) is treated as a spatially random process, that varies along the crack path. The theoretical crack growth rates at various stress intensity factors are discussed. Additionally, the results of constant ${\Delta}K$ fatigue crack growth tests are reported for the structural steel, SM45C. The experimental data have been analyzed to determine the probability distribution of fatigue crack growth resistanc.

참깨의 모자이크 증상에서 분리한 수박${\cdot}$모자이크 바이러스에 관한 연구

장무웅,이창은,Chang M.U.,Lee C.U. 한국응용곤충학회 1980 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.19 No.4

참깨, 호박, 오이의 모자이크 증상주에서 전자현미경 및 즙액접종에 의하여 분리한 바이러스에 대하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 바이러스를 즙액접종 하였을 때 P. vutgaris, P. sativum, S. indicum, C. melo, C. maxima, C. pepo는 전신감염, C. amaranticolar는 국부감염 되었다. 2. 본 바이러스는 M. persicae로 쉽게 전반되었고, 종자전염은 하지 않았다. 9. 조즙액중의 물리성은 내열성이 $55\~60^{\circ}C$(10분), 희석성이 $10^{-3}\~10^{-4}$, 내보존성이 $10\~14$일$(22^{\circ}C)$이었다. 4. 본 바이러스의 형태는 길이 $750\~800nm$의 사상립자이고, 본 바이러스의 감염에 의해 세포질내에서 세포질봉입체가 만들어진다는 것이 확인되었다. 5. 본 바이러스에 감염된 S. indicum, C. amaranticolor의 병엽초박절편을 전자현미경으로 관찰하였던바, 각종세포의 세포질내에 사상립자가 병행배열 또는 산재해 있고, 또 사상립자와 함께 반드시 세포질내입체(pinwheel, boundles, laminated aggregates)가 확인되었다. 6. 이상의 결과를 종합해서 참깨 모자이크병의 병원바이러스를 Watermelon mosaic virus(WMV)로 동정하였다. This paper deals with the studies on the occurence of a new virus disease of sesame and the identification of the causal virus. The virus disease of sesame has been regarded as a widespread disease in the sesame-growing areas in the southern part of Korea. The disease was found to be caused by watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). During the years since 1978, stunting of sesame plants, with yellow mosaic, necrotic spot, and malformation, were collected from 17 different places. Virus isolates from 27 out of 32 samples were identified as WMV. Natural infection of squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and watermelon by WMV as well as sesame was proved. The virus is inactivated at temperatures of 55 to $60^{\circ}C$, at dilution of $10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-4}$, and in the aging of 10 to 14 days at about $20^{\circ}C$. Sesame, Chenopodium amaranticelor, pea, bean, as well as many plants of the Cucurbitaceae, are susceptible to the sesame-isolates of WMV. In negatively stained preparations, particles of the virus appear under the electron microscope as flexible filaments of about $750\~800nm$ in length. Cylindrical inclusions and virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells by ultra-thin sections of WMV infected tissues.

산란계 사료내 CLA 함유 Oil (CLAzen 80) 첨가가 난황내 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

황보종,장종수,정일병,이병석,김동운,조성백,김희도,배해득,손진혁,홍의철,최낙진,Hwangbo J.,Chang J. S.,Chung I. B.,Lee B. S.,Kim D. U.,Cho S. B.,Kim H. D.,Bae H. D.,Son J. H.,Hong U. C.,Choi N. J. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 oil 형태의 conjugated linoleic acid(CLAzen 80)를 산란계 사료에 수준별로 첨가 급여하였을 때 산란율과 난황내 지방산 조성의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 59주령의 산란계 72수를 완전임의배치법으로 4개 처리구에 6주간 공시하였다. 처리구는 CLAzen 80를 첨가하지 않은 대조구와 각각 1, 2 및 $3\%$를 첨가구를 두었다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 산란율은 처리구별 통계적 유의차가 없었지만, 난황내 지방산 조성은 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하게 크게 영향을 받았다. 난황내 C16:0과 C18:0과 같은 포화 지방산 함량은 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하여 증가하였으나, 일가불포화지방산인 C18:1 함량은 오히려 감소하였다. 한편, 난황내 C18:2와 C18:3와 같은 다가불포화지방산은 CLAzen 80 급여 2$\~$4주사이에는 모든처리구들에 있어서 그 함량이 일정하게 유지되었다. 그러나, 대조구와 비교하여 CLAzen 80 급여 6주 째에는 난황내 C18:2 함량이 감소하였다. 불포화지방산:포화지방산 비율과 n-6:n-3 불포화지방산 비율은 2$\~$4주 사이에는 처리구별간에 통계적 유의차가 없었고, 6주째 불포화지방산:포화지방산 비율이 CLAzen 80 첨가에 의하여 감소하였다. 한편, 난황내 CLA 함량은 CLAzen 80 첨가수준에 비례하여 증가하였다. 따라서, 산란계 사료 내 CLAzen 80 첨가는 난황내 CLA 함량을 증진시키는 것으로 요약할 수 있다. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of varying levels of dietary oil containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the egg production and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. Seventy-two 59-wk-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, each consisting of three replicates with six birds per replicate. There were four treatments that consist of diets containing 0, 1, 2, or $3\%$ commercial CLA-containing oil. Egg production was not significantly different among the dietary treatments at 0, 2, 4, and 6 week. The proportion of saturated fatty acids such as C16:0 and C18:0 in egg yolk were increased, but that of monounsaturated fatty acid C18:1 was decreased by feeding CLA-containing oil supplementation. However, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C18:2 and C18:3 in egg yolk were not different among dietary treatments at 2 and 4 wk of the experiment. At 6 week, the proportion of C18:2 in egg yolk was decreased by feeding CLA-containing oil compared with the control. Polyunsaturated fatty acid:saturated fatty acid (P:S) ratio and n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio were similar across the treatments between 2 and 4 week. The P:S ratio was decreased by dietary CLA-containing oil supplementation at 6 week. The proportion of CLA in egg yolk was linearly increased with increasing levels of CLA-containing oil supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CLA-containing oil to laying hens increased beneficially increased CLA content in their egg yolk.

Effects of reduced sulfur on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 in high-temperature water

Lee, E.H.,Kim, K.M.,Kim, U.C. Elsevier 2007 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.449 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of reduced sulfur on the corrosion behavior of Alloy 600 MA were investigated in deaerated 0.01M of sodium sulfate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>), sodium tetrathionate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB>), and sodium thiosulfate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) solutions using potentiodynamic polarization and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests at 300°C and 340°C. The polarization curves of Alloy 600 MA showed a stable passivity in the Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> solution; however, the solutions of Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB> and Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> showed accelerated anodic dissolution. The SCC susceptibility of Alloy 600 MA increased in the following order: in the Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>, and Na<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB> solutions<SUB>.</SUB> Results of deposits and spectra taken from an energy dispersive X-ray system confirmed the existence of reduced sulfur.</P>

Direct diversification of unmasked quinazolin-4(3H)-ones through orthogonal reactivity modulation

Lee, J.,Kang, M.,Kim, J.,Lee, C.,Kee, J. M.,Myung, K.,Park, J. U.,Hong, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical communications Vol.53 No.75

<P>Here we report a set of direct functionalization methods of unmasked 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones, a privileged alkaloid core, without the installation/removal event of protecting groups or exogenous coordinating moieties. Divergent pathways were modulated with transition-metal catalysts by suppressing competitive reactivities, leading to N-arylation, annulative pi-extension, or C-H fluorination.</P>

Contribution of power on cell adhesion using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system

Lee, H.U.,Jeong, Y.S.,Koh, K.N.,Jeong, S.Y.,Kim, H.G.,Bae, J.S.,Cho, C.R. Elsevier 2009 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.9 No.1

This study examined the effect of the treatment power on the enhanced cell attachment and proliferation on poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) films treated with atmospheric plasma using a dielectric barrier discharge method (AP-DBD). The peak intensities of the -CH, C?O, -OH and -COO vibration modes, and binding energies of carbon and oxygen of the AP-DBD treated-PCL film increased with increasing plasma treatment power. The surfaces of the AP-DBD treated-PCL films were also examined for their in vitro cell adhesion properties using human prostate epithelial cells. The results showed that the level of cell attachment and proliferation on the AP-DBD treated-PCL film was ten times better than that observed on the untreated-PCL films.

BASK-PAIRING BKTWEEN THE SPLICE SITES OF T-CELL RECEPTOR GENES AND SNRNAS

Lee, C . M .,Kim, I . S .,Sohn, U . 경북대학교 유전공학연구소 1995 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.10 No.1

T-cell receptor genes (TCR) are split into variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) regions in the germline DNA. During the development of T-cells, these gene segments are rearranged to generate a VDJ-C configuration. It is then transcribed into a precursor mRNA. Like many other eukaryotic pre-mRNAs, the TCR mRNA precursor is spliced to produce a functional polypeptide. Analyses of the splice sites of TCR-α, TCR-β, and TCR-γ genes show that they share striking homologous sequences at both the 5' polypyrimidine stretches and 3' splice sites. Moreover, base pairing between the 5' splice site and U₁- snRNA is evident. However, the U₂-binding site and U_5-binding site have not been found.