Two-stage partial melting and contrasting cooling history within the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence in the far-eastern Nepal Himalaya

Imayama, T.,Takeshita, T.,Yi, K.,Cho, D.L.,Kitajima, K.,Tsutsumi, Y.,Kayama, M.,Nishido, H.,Okumura, T.,Yagi, K.,Itaya, T.,Sano, Y. Universitetsforlaget ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Lithos Vol.134 No.-

The timing of partial melting and the pressure-temperature (P-T) paths in the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (HHCS) in far-eastern Nepal has been investigated using zircon chronology, rare earth element (REE) compositions, and P-T pseudosection analysis. Zircon from migmatites formed during Himalayan thermal events displays inherited magmatic core overgrown by two generations of metamorphic rims. The new rims are distinguished on the basis of their Tertiary ages, low MREE contents, and low Th/U ratios. The inner zircon rims from Sil+Grt+Bt+Kfs+Pl+Qtz and Ky+Sil+Grt+Bt+Ms+Pl+Qtz migmatites at different structural level of the HHCS display ages of c. 33-28Ma (Early Oligocene) and c. 21-18Ma (Early Miocene): these rims are characterized by flat MREE to HREE patterns and were overgrown by partial melt through muscovite dehydration melting under the stability of garnet, which occurred at P=c. 7-10kbar and T=c. 730-780<SUP>o</SUP>C, and at P=c. 8-14kbar and T=c. 720-770<SUP>o</SUP>C, respectively. The outer zircon rims are relatively enriched in HREE with respect to the inner rims and were overgrown at c. 27-23Ma (Late Oligocene) and at c. 18-16Ma (Early Miocene) during melt crystallization accompanying breakdown of garnet at P=c. 4-7kbar and T=c. 650-725<SUP>o</SUP>C. Early Miocene Ms-Bt leucogranites with two successively overgrown zircon rims at c. 18.3+/-0.3Ma and c. 16.3+/-0.2Ma were intruded into Early Oligocene migmatite hosts. Microstructural observations and the corresponding P-T conditions associated with the two generations of zircon rims indicate that the Early Oligocene and Early Miocene migmatites show relatively isobaric and nearly isothermal P-T paths during exhumation, respectively. The inferences are consistent with higher average cooling rates for the Early Miocene (c. 30-40<SUP>o</SUP>C/My) than the Early Oligocene (c. 15-25<SUP>o</SUP>C/My) migmatites, inferred from peak-T conditions and FT (c. 6Ma for both migmatites) and U-Pb zircon ages. The P-T-t paths of the two migmatites indicate that burial of the Early Miocene migmatites has been coeval with exhumation of the Early Oligocene migmatites, implying the formation of large-scale thrust within the HHCS.

임신 및 각종 갑상선질환에서 갑상선 기능 판정에 관한 연구 : 혈청유리 T4의 진단적 의의에 관한 고찰 The diagnostic value of free thyroxine by RIA

이종철,유명희,윤휘중,신영태,정순일,조보연,이문호,이명철 대한핵의학회 1981 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.15 No.1

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of free thyroxine(FT4) by radioimmunoassay, we measured free T4 and T4, T3, T3RU, TSH and TBG serum levels by radioimmunoassay in 18 healthy persons and 52 patients with various thyroid diseases and 11 normal pregnant women. The results are as follows. 1) In 19 cases of overt hyperthyroidism, T3, free T4 and FTI, T4/TBG ratio reflect hyperfunction in all cases. T4 is increased in 94%(18/19) and TBG and TSH are decreased in 79%(15/19). 2) In 8 patients with overt hypothyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free T4 and FTI is decreased in all cases. T4 is decreased in 87.5%(7/8), T3 is decreased in 75%(6/8) and T4/TBG ratio is decreased in 62.5%(5/8). 3) In 5 patients who are clinically in euthyroid state after treatment of hyperthyroidism, T4 free T4, FTI and TSH are in the normal range in all cases and T3 is normal in 60%(3/5) and slightly increased in 40%(2/5). 4) In 10 patients who showed clinically borderline hypothyroidism after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free T4 and FTI are decreased in all cases, but T4 and T3, T4/TBG ratio are in the normal limit in all cases. So after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH, free T4 or FTI are recommended as optimal function test. 5) In normal pregnancy, free T4, FTI and T4/TBG ratio reflect normal function, but the other parameters unreliable due to the influence of increased TBG. Also TBG and TSH level in pregnancy is increased significantly compared with normal healthy control group. 6) The coefficients of correlation between T4 and FTI were 0.862(p〈0.001) and 0.685(p〈0.001) between free T4 and T4/TBG ratio. In most patients, diagnostic value of free T4 was comparable and even superior to FTI, so free T4 measurement can be used routinely with thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of hypothyrodism or with T3 for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

풍력 블레이드 복합재의 결함 탐상을 위한 NDE 모니터링기법

임광희(K. H. Im),김우진(W. J. Kim),정예원(Y. W. Jeong),조철현(C. H. Cho),김선규(S. K. Kim),조영태(Y. T. Cho) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

Terahertz waves (T-ray) was extensively studied for the nondestructive evaluation of characterization of various and FRP composite materials for a use of wind energy. The composite materials are being utilized on the various areas. Here, T-rays were used to perform NDE when detecting defects in the trailing edge of a wind turbine blade. This study proposed a method to measure a refractive index of a composite, using T-rays (THz) and reviewed the characteristics of the T-ray E-field of a CFRP composite. Particularly, this study produced images to determine defects in the trailing edge of a wind turbine blade and compared and analyzed the images. The TOF of T-ray penetration was measured using a T-ray through-transmission mode to find the following characteristics of the blade. The trailing edge of a nonconductive wind turbine blade could transmit T-rays, enabling the measurement of refractive indices in a through-transmission mode. The effectiveness and limitations of T-ray for the NDE of composites are discussed.

소화 효소 및 시간에 따른 고섬유소 사료의 In vitro 소화율 측정법

오서영(S. Y. Oh),이민영(M. Y. Lee),김재만(J. M. Kim),이지환(J. H. Lee),윤원(W. Yun),송태화(T. H. Song),정연근(Y. K. Cheong),조진호(J. H. Cho) 충북대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2015 동물생명과학연구 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate assay of high fiber diet in vitro digestibility according to digestive enzyme and time. Treatment of this study included: 1) CON (basic method) 2) T1 (sample amount: 2 times; enzyme level: 2 times) 3) T2 (sample amount: 2 times, enzyme level: 2 times, assay time: 1.5 times) 4) T3 (sample amount: 2 times, enzyme level: 2 times, assay time: 2 times). With regard to dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility, T3 and CON were higher than T1 and T2 (P<0.05). Also, with regard to DM and OM digestibility by time of digestion, base was similar T2. In conclusion, in vitro digestibility was closely related to digestion time.

Distribution of T and B Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissues of Bovine

Yoon, C. Y.,Kim, T. J.,Cho, J. G.,Chai, H. S.,Kim, J. M.,Song, H. J. 全北大學校 附設 畜産開發硏究所 1991 畜産開發硏究報告 Vol.4 No.-

소의 순환혈액 및 림프조직내의 T 및 B 림프구의 분포를 파악하고자 소흉선세포를 토끼에 과면역시켜 얻은 항혈청을 소의 적혈구, 간장분만 및 골수세포에 순차적으로 흡착시킨 항융선세포혈철(RABTS), 성숙 T 림프구에만 특이성을 가진 단클론항체 BLT_2, B림프구와 소수의 대식세포에 특이성을 가진 단클론항체 _6E_12 등을 1차항체로 이용하여 ABPC법으로 T 및 B 림프구를 동정한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. RABTS 및 BLT_1으로 동정한 순환혈액내 단핵세포 (PB-MNC)중 T림프구의 비율은 각각 70.9±5.5% 및 59.0±8.7%이었으며, PB-MNC중 nylon wool 비부착세포를 BLT_1 및 _6E_12로 동정한 T 및 B 림프구의 비율은 각각 91.6±1.0%, 9.6±0.8%이였다. 또한 BLT_1 및 _6E_12로 동정한 서혜림프질, 장간막림프절, 비장 및 흉선의 T/B림프구의 비율은 각각 56.4±6.2/45.3±7.4%, 55.6±7.7/42.3±5.8%, 48.6±5.1/48.5±6.2% 및 23.0±4.8/5.6±2.1%이었으며, RABTS로 동정한 이들 림프조직내의 T림프구의 비율은 각각 76.4±3.4%, 74.2±8.2%, 73.9±5.5% 및 95.6±2.8%이였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 PB-MNC내의 T림프구의 분리는 nylon wool column법이 보다 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

Deletion in HSP110 T₁₇: correlation with wild-type HSP110 expression and prognostic significance in microsatellite-unstable advanced gastric cancers

Kim, K.J.,Lee, T.H.,Kim, J.H.,Cho, N.Y.,Kim, W.H.,Kang, G.H. W. B. Saunders Co ; Centrum Philadelphia 2017 Human pathology Vol.67 No.-

<P>Deletion of the HSP110 T-17 mononucleotide repeat has recently been identified as a prognostic marker that is correlated with wild-type HSP110 (HSP110wt) expression in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between deletion of the HSP110 T-17 repeat and expression of HSP110wt using DNA testing and immunohistochemistry and to determine the prognostic implications of HSP110 T-17 deletion in MSI-H advanced gastric cancers (GCs). The status of HSP110wt expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using an HSP110wt-specific antibody in 142 MSI-H advanced GCs. The size of the HSP110 T-17 repeat deletion was analyzed in 96 MSI-H advanced GCs; deletions were divided into small (0-2 base pairs) and large deletions (3-5 base pairs). Low and high expressions of HSP110wt were detected in 38 (26.8%) and 104 (73.2%) of the 142 cases, respectively. The HSP110 T-17 deletion was observed in 45 (46.9%) of the 96 MSI-H GC samples. Tumors with high expression of HSP110wt showed a tendency to have small or no deletion of HSP110 T-17. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, tumors with a large HSP110 T-17 deletion were associated with favorable overall survival and disease-free survival compared with those with small/no deletion of HSP110 T-17. However, HSP110 T-17 deletion size was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In summary, deletion of the HSP110 T-17 repeat was frequently observed in MSI-H GCs, and HSP110 T-17 deletion size was inversely correlated with HSP110wt expression status. Large HSP110 T-17 was not a prognostic indicator in MSI-H GCs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

농촌형 녹색마을에 신재생에너지 보급을 위한 시설재배 및 농업기계의 CO2 배출량 분석

김종구(J.G. Kim),유영선(Y.S. Ryou),강연구(Y.K. Kang),김영화(Y.H. Kim),장재경(J.K. Jang),김현태(H.T. Kim),서광욱(K.W. Seo),이승기(S.K. Lee),조희제(H.J. Cho),강지원(J.W. Kang) 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.1

화석에너지 의존도를 줄이면서 CO2 배출량을 낮추기 위하여 정부에서는 녹색마을을 선정하고 에너지자급률을 40% 수준으로 높이려는 계획을 추진 중이다. 본 연구는 각 농업 분야 중에서 농기계의 사용과 재배 시설에 있어서의 에너지 사용량을 파악하고 이를 바이오디젤로 대체하였을 때의 CO2 저감수준을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여, 농업 각 분야별 에너지 소비수준의 분석, 그리고 실천 가능한 신재생 에너지원의 선정이 요구된다. 경종재배의 전체 연간온실가스 배출량은 5,667,258 t-CO2이고, 그 중 시설 부문은 4,932,607 t-CO2인 것으로 분석되었으며, 농업시설 부문 중 에너지원별로 보면 경유가 3,105,707t-CO2, 중유가 1,370,578 t-CO2를 배출하는 것으로 분석되었다. 우리나라 시설작물의 단위 면적당 온실가스 평균배출량은 29,418 t-CO2/ha인 것으로 나타났다. 농기계별 2007년 총에너지소비량을 살펴보면 트랙터가 284,763 kL로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 동력 경운기221,314 kL, 곡물건조기 145,524 kL, 콤바인 72,537 kL 등의 순이었다. 전라북도 G시를 대상으로 이용 중인 시설재배와 농업기계의 이산화탄소 배출량을 비교분석한 결과,바이오디젤로 전환하면 약 7% 정도의 CO2 감소효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. In order to reduce dependence on the fossil fuels and CO2 gas emission in farming activities, the government has pushed ahead with making the self-sufficiency of farming energy up 40% level in green villages. The objectives of this study are to survey the energy consumption of horticultural facilities or agricultural machineries, and to analyze the reduced CO2 gas emission level from fossil fuel to bio-diesel fuel. For the implement of this study, it is necessary to analyze the energy consumption level in the various sector of farming activities, and available renewable energy sources should be selected. Annual total CO2 gas emission in the tillage farming sector was analyzed as 5,667,258 t-CO2 and that in the horticultural facilities occupied 4,932,607 t-CO2, while the CO2 gas emission level of diesel fuel was 3,105,707 t-CO2, and that of the heavy oil showed 1,370,578 t-CO2. The average CO2 gas emission level of horticultural facilities in the country was analyzed as 29,418 t-CO2/ha. Among the total energy consumption of agricultural machineries, tractor used 284,763kL, power tiller spent 221,314 kL, grain drier consumed 145,524kL and combine tractor expend 72,537kL. From the comparison of CO2 gas emission level between fossil fuel and bio-diesel fuel for the horticultural facilities or agricultural machinery in G-City, Jeonbuk Province, the CO2 gas emission level can be reduced by 7% through replacing the fuel from fossil to biodiesel.

Common promoter polymorphism in monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 is associated with serum triglyceride levels and body mass index in non-diabetic individuals

Shin, H. D.,Park, K. S.,Park, B. L.,Cheong, H. S.,Cho, Y. M.,Lee, H. K.,Lee, J.-Y.,Lee, J.-K.,Kim, H. T.,Han, B. G.,Kim, J. W.,Koh, I.,Kim, Y. J.,Oh, B.,Kimm, K.,Park, C. Blackwell Science Ltd 2006 Diabetic medicine Vol.23 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that chronic low-grade inflammation related to innate immunity may play an important role in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 gene (<I>CD14</I>) acts as the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and augments monocyte/macrophage inflammatory responses.</P><P>Methods </P><P>We have sequenced the gene, including all exons, exon/intron boundaries, and the −1.5 kb of the 5′ flanking region. Two common loci (minor allele frequency > 0.05) were genotyped in 775 T2DM patients and 316 control subjects recruited in the Korean T2DM Study.</P><P>Results </P><P>Eight polymorphisms, including four non-synonymous forms, were identified in <I>CD14</I>. No polymorphisms were found in association with T2DM. However, one common promoter SNP (<I>−260T>C</I>) was significantly associated with both the serum triglyceride level (TG) and body mass index (BMI) in non-diabetic control subjects. Individuals who carried the minor allele (C) had higher TG levels (1.65 ± 0.81 vs. 1.46 ± 0.80 mmol/l; <I>P</I> = 0.0007) and BMI (23.96 ± 3.00 vs. 23.28 ± 3.22 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>; <I>P</I> = 0.04) as compared with subjects carrying T/T genotypes.</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>Our data suggest that lipid metabolism and obesity, important pathophysiological elements of T2DM and the metabolic syndrome, are regulated by complex mechanisms that include the CD14 gene polymorphism-mediated genetic propensity to non-specific inflammatory responses.</P>

육계사료와 식용유 정제 폐백토(Spent Bleaching Clay) 급여가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향

전해열,손장호,이길왕,김선구,강한석,신택순,조병욱,Jeon H. Y.,Son J. H.,Lee K. W.,Kim S. K.,Kang H. S.,Shin T. S.,Cho B. W. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 Spent Bleaching Clay(SBC)를 육계사료의 에너지 공급원으로 활용 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 부화 직후의 120수의 병아리(한협 3호)를4처리 3반복, 반복당 10수(암수 각각 5수씩)를 Control(T1) 사료에 SBC를 $2.0\%(T2),\;4.0\%(T3)$ 및 $6.0\%(T4)$ 첨가한 4처리로 배치하였다. 시험사료 급여전 1주일은 시판사료를 급여하였다. 4주간의 시험 기간동안 증체중 및 사료 섭취량은 T3 및 T4 처리구에서 증가하는 경향이 인정되었다. 사료효율은 T3구에서 개선되는 경향이 인정되었다. 가슴살 및 다리살에서 치방산 조성을 사료의 처리에 따른 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 육계 초기 및 후기 사료 급여시 모두, 사료중의 건물, 조단백질 및 조지방 이용율은 T4 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 대사에너지가도 T4 처리구가 다른 3구에 비해서 유의하게 저하하였다(p<0.05). 사료중의 조회분의 이용율은 사료의 처리에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 시험의 결과 육계사료에 $2\~4\%$의 SBC첨가는 육계의 성장 및 사료효율 개선의 가능성이 있음이 사료된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of spent bleaching clay(SBC) as an energy resource for meat type chicks. A total of one hundred twenty 1-d old broiler chicks(Han-hyop, No. 3) were divided into four groups and each group was assigned to one of the following diets: 0(T1), 2.0(T2), 4.0(T3) and $6.0\%$ SBC(T4). Each treatment had 3 replications of 10 birds. Before feeding experimental diets, they were fed a commercial diet for a week Body weight gain and feed intake tended to increase in T3 and T4, respectively. Feed efficiency(feed intake/ gain) tended to decrease in T3 compared to other groups. Fatty acid composition of breast and thigh meat was not significantly affected by feeding SBC. Utilization of dry matter, energy, crude protein and crude fat was lower in T4 than in the other groups during both starter and finisher periods(p<0.05). Crude ash utilization was not significantly affected by feeding dietary SBC. These results indicate that broiler diets may be supplemented with 2 to $4\%$ SBC without adverse effect on growth.

정상 임신에서 임신주기에 따른 갑상선기능의 변화

김원배,정재훈,윤보현,이석인,김민선,오태근,조보연,이홍규,고창순 대한내분비학회 1994 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.9 No.3

It is well known that normal pregnancy is accompanied by a rise in serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Alterations of biochemical parameters of thyroid function are recognized during gestation and sensitive tests to evaluate the alterations easily are required. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in 140 healthy pregnant women to evaluate the efficacy of free T_4 measured by 2-step RIA compared to other thyroid function tests and to confirm the changes of thyroid function according to the stages of normal pregnancy. The sensitivities of free T_4 index, free T_4(by 2-step RIA), T_3 and TSH were realtively high(99.3%, 93.6%, 92.9%, 83.6%, respectively) compared to those of T_4 and T_3 bead upgake(49.3%, 21.4%) during all stages of pregnancy. There were positive correlations between free T_4 index and free T_4 or total T_4(r=0.68, r=0.72; p$lt;0.001). The values of free T_4 index sharply decreased from 3.22+-0.10(meam +-SEM) during 6th-12th week to an plateau after 16th-20th week of gestation(p$lt;0.01). The serum concentrations free T_4 and T_3 bead uptake also significantly decreased from 1.65+-0.05 ng/dl, 24.7+- 0.7% during 6th-12th week to an plateau after 16th-20th week of gestation, respectively(p$lt;0.001), No differences were found in the changes of serum concentrations of T_3, T_4 and TSH according to the stages of pregnancy. In conclusion, it is adequate to measure some tests including free T_4 index and free T_4 to evaluate thyroid function during pregnancy. The thyroid physiology and changes of thyroid function according to the stages of pregnancy should be considered in the interpretation of thyroid function status during pregnancy(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 9: 183-189, 1994).