Rapid Typing of Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by IS6110-based Outward PCR

이혜영,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.2

Worldwide, tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases, accounting for nearly 3 million deaths and more than 8 million new cases annually. DNA typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important for the control of tuberculosis, since it can be used to track transmission route of tuberculosis, source of internal laboratory contaminations, and to answer questions on the nature of tuberculosis infections such as reactivation or exogenous reinfection of disease. At present, IS6110-based RFLP is the choice of method for typing large numbers of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, since it has the highest resolution power. However, RFLP requires long time, high cost and qualified experts, so only reference level laboratories can use the RFLP technique. In order to have an optional molecular typing method suitable for the clinical settings, this study evaluated the use of one of PCR-based typing methods, IS6110-based outward PCR for typing clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. In brief, the results from this study showed that IS6110-based RFLP is useful to discriminate diverse clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis as well as to identify clinical isolates that belong to the same family or cluster groups that have been previously classified by RFLP analysis. In addition, the banding profiles resulted from IS6110-based outward PCR seemed to represent genomic characteristics of M. tuberculosis, since strains belong to the K-family generated unique band that is not present in any other strains but present only in the genome of K-family strains. The IS6110-based outward PCR was also shown to be useful with DNAs isolated directly from liquid cultures indicating this method can be suitable for typing M. tuberculosis in clinical settings.

우울증 환자의 꿈 내용

이상도,이죽내 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.2

우울증 환자의 꿈을 통해 우울에 대한 무의식적 반응을 알아보기 위해 저자들은 1982년 9월에서 1983년 7월까지 경북대학병원 신경정신과 외래에 온 초진 환자중 최근에 꾼 꿈 한개를 보고한 122명의 우울증 환자군과 대조군으로서 역시 동일한 조사기간 중 동일한 방식으로 꿈을 보고한 신경증 수준의 환자 195명 중 우울증 환자군과 성과 연령의 분포비율을 비슷하게 통제한 57명의 비우울증 환자군 간의 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용의 출현빈도를 비교하고, 우울증 환자군 내에서는 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용을 갖고 있는 환자 집단과 갖고 있지 않는 환자 집단간의 우울정도를 Zung의 자가 평가우울척도에 의해 비교해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용 중 「죽은 대상」이 나타난 우울증 환자의 꿈은 35개(21.0%), 비우울증 환자의 꿈은 6개(7.5%)로서 양군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 우울증 환자군에서의 「죽은 대상」은 가족 및 친척이 제일 많았고, 그 중에서도 부모가 제일 많았다. 2. 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용 중 「우울주제」가 나타난 우울증 환자의 꿈은 36개(29.5%), 비우울증 환자의 꿈은 7개(12.3%)로서 양군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 우울증 환자군에서의 「우울주제」는 상실, 신체적 고통 및 상처, 거절 및 학대, 도피, 비난 및 비판의 순으로 많았다. 3. 불쾌한 꿈은 우울증 환자군에서는 73개(59.8%), 비우울증 환자군에서는 34개(59.7%)로서 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 우울증 환자군 내에서 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용을 가진 환자집단이 갖지 않은 환자집단보다 우울정도가 낮았다. 이상의 결과는 우울증 환자의 꿈은 비우울증 환자의 꿈에 비해 우울을 시사하는 꿈내용의 출현빈도가 유의하게 많지만, 이의 출현빈도는 우울정도와는 일치하지 않음을 시사해 주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the so-called depression-suggestive dream contents and the degree of depression in depressed patients. This study was done at psychiatric outpatient clinic of Kyungpook University Hospital during the 10 months from September, 1982 to July, 1983. The subjects of this study were 122 depressed and 57 non-depressed patients. All the subjects were asked to report their most recent dreams and the subjects, who reported dreams, were administered Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale at the first psychiatric interview. As for the depression-suggestive dream contents, three categories were adopted: the dead object, the depressive theme, and unpleasant feeling of the dream ego. The depressive themes consisted of the following 5 items: loss, physical discomfort or injury, rejected or mistreated, escape. and blamed or criticized. The only one depressive theme was chosen out of each dream according to the final condition of the dream ego. The chosen depressive themes were specified respectively in accordance with the mutual agreement of the two authors. The frequency of the dreams with the depression-suggestive dream contents between the depressed patients and the non-depressed patients was compared. Then, the degree of depression between the depressed patients with the depression-suggestive dream contents and those without the depression-suggestive dream contents was compared. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. The rate of the dreams with the dead objects in the depressed patients, 21.0%, was significantly higher than that of the non-depressed patients, 7.5%. Among the dead objects in the dreams of the depressed patients, the relatives were the highest in frequency. 2. The frequency of the dreams with the depressive themes among the depressed patients, 29.5%, was significantly higher than that of the non-depressed patients, 12.3%. The depressive themes in the dreams of the depressed patients appeared in frequency order of loss, physical discomfort or injury, rejected or mistreated, escape, and blamed or criticized. 3. The rate of the unpleasant dreams in the depressed patients was almost the same as that of the non-depressed patients. 4. Finally, the degree of depression was lower in the depressed patients with the depression-suggestive dream contents than in those without the depression-suggestive dream contents. Considering the above results, it is understood that the unconsciousness of the depressed patients reveals characteristic depression-suggestive dream contents compared with the non-depressed patients, but not necessarily according to the degree of depression.

국내 종합병원 병동부 복도공간의 환자 이용행태에 관한 비교 연구 : 중정형과 중복도형을 중심으로 Focused on the Courtyard and Double-loaded Corridor type

이홍식,김상복,양내원 한국의료복지시설학회 2005 의료·복지 건축 Vol.11 No.3

The conventional corridor space was a functional space simply linking the rooms and facilitating the circulations in a hospital. Today, however, they are no longer the spaces for simple circulation. Now, they are changing into healing spaces. Healing space must have some spatial characteristics helpful to curing the patients, and therefore, such a space should be designed to encourage patients to have diverse experiences and behaviors in terms of psychological stability, rehabilitation and personal communication. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study was aimed at surveying and analyzing patients' behaviors of using the corridor spaces for general hospital wards. To this end, middle corridors and patio-type side corridors for general hospital wards in Korea were sampled. It was found through this study that various healing behaviors shown in the conventional middle corridors were witnessed in the patio-type side corridors. On the other hand, behavioral characteristics of each area were analyzed to determine the factors encouraging patients to be cured, and thereupon, some design points for the corridor spaces of general hospital wards were suggested to help their users quick recovering.

다변량 역추정 모형에서 경험적 베이스 추정량에 관한 연구

이상호,박래현 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.23 No.2

In the multivariate calibration model, we propose a new Empirical Bayes estimator(EB estimator) which enables us to predict the panameter of interest. The EB estimator is a compromised type between the classical estimator and the inverse estimator, and attains better precision than any other estimator in Brown(1982).

요관석의 요관경하배석술 후 요관부목의 선별적 유치

이상훈,윤하나,심봉석,이시내 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Purpose : Ureteral stent is commonly used after ureterscopic stone removal(URS). However, there is no definitive clinical criteria in inserting the ureteral stent after URS. Patients often complain of bladder irritative symptoms, hematuria. flank pain and additive endoscopic prodedure is neces-sary to remove the ureteral stent. Therefore, we studied the clinical epicacy of selective ureteral stenting only when it is required. Materials and Methods : Of the patients who was taken URS, the following patients were exclu-ded from stent insertion ; 1) Patients who have mild hydronephrosis or symptoms less than 1week. 2) Patients who were able to insert the ureteroscope through the ureteral orifice without difficulty. 3) Patients who hardly have ureteral mucosal damage seen through the ureteroscopic field after the removal of ureteral stone. 4) Patients who did not need the additional lithoclast during the remo-val of ureteral stone. Other than the above patients and those with stones above the mid-ureter, a 6Fr. ureteral stent was inserted and kept for 3weeks. There were 29 unstented patients and 38 stented patients. Results : The average age of the non-stenting and stenting group were 37.5years old and 39.7years old and the average stone size were 0.68cm and 0.80cm. The average operation time was 3 minutes in the non-stenting and 8minutes(including ureteral stent insertion time) in the stenting group. Hos-pital stay was 3days in both groups. Intermittent gross hematuria and irritative symptoms of the bladder was shown for 3weeks after operation in most of the patients(32cases, 84.2%) of the sten-ting group while those in the unstenting group, the symptoms were relieved after2days after operation. Although mild flank pain was shown in few patients(4cases, 13.8%) of the non-stenting group, severe pain requiring intravenous analgesics was not seen in both groups. There were no specific findings in the intravenous urography which was done at 6weeks after operation, and no hematuria and pyuria was found in both groups. Conclusion : The selective placement of ureteral stent following the ureteroscopic removal of stone did not bring specfic complications. We believe that ureteral stent insertion will minimize the inconvenience especially in patients who need to return to their everyday living immediately after operation. Thus ureteral stent insertion should be used in limited situations. 요관경하배석술 후 많은 경우에 있어서 요관부목을 유치하고 잇지만 선별적으로 판단하여 설치할 경우 특별한 문제점이 없었으며, 수술 수 바로 일상생활에 복귀하여야 하는 환자들의 불편함을 최소화할 수 잇을 것으로 생각되며, 요관부목 설치는 제한적인 상황하에서 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

단순 캘리브레이션 모형에서 경험적 베이스 추정

이상호,박래현 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.2

In the simple calibration model, Maritz(1970) gave an empirical Bayes estimator of x_0 when y_01, …, y_0k on x_0 are observed. However, his estimator can not be applied in case k 1 which is occurred more often than not. We propose a new empirical Bayes estimator of x_0 which enables us to predict x_0 for all k and is a compromise between the classical estimator and the inverse estimator.

아로마테라피를 이용한 셀룰라이트관리에 관한 연구

이성내 경인여자대학 2000 경인논집 Vol.- No.8

This study introduces the method and clinical demonstration in order to efficiently manage Cellulite which has been a cosmetical problems for females by using products including aroma ingredients extracted from various plants. This study focuses on skin and health care and effective management for females at skin care shops. In part Ⅰ, the purpose of the study, contents and the research methods were written. In part Ⅱ, the operational principles of aroma oil and its effects on skins were written on the basis of the history of anmoatheraphy. In part Ⅲ, the causes and symptoms of Cellulite were analysed and management steps using aroma products were suggested. Also, the ingredients and the characteristics of each product were compared and classified on the basis of the operational principles of aroma oil and its effects on the skin care. Wickel products in Germany and Les Armas in Italy were used in this study for the systematic reasons both in theory and clinics. The data was collected from 20 females at a skin care shop in Daerim-dong who were specially managed twice a week for two months. Import results of the study is as follows : first point is that long and constant management can improve symptoms of Cellulite by the use of aroma products inclusive of the aroma oil. Second, the effect of Cellulite management is tend to add to the years in converse order. And it was identified that Cellulite management by the use of aromatherapy is effective for diet and skin elasticity.

공황평가표의 한국판 표준화를 위한 예비연구

이상희,이죽내 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

In recent studies on panic disorder, it is coming to be known that patient's cognitive appraisal on the panic attack is the best predictor of agoraphobic avoidance. This study is a preliminary research to develop a Korean version of Panic Appraisal Inventory(PAI) which examines the cognitive appraisal on the panic attack. The Panic Appraisal Inventory developed by Telch et al has been translated into Korean in consideration of the differences in culture and language, followed by testing its reliability. The subjects were twenty in number, who were diagnosed, based on DSM-Ⅳ criteria, as panic disorder by a psychiatrist and a psychiatric resident. The following are the results of this study: The correlation coefficient of the scale 1 in the test-retest reliability was a significant of 0.58 ; in Crohn- bach's alpha, showed a high internal consistency with 0.86 ; the correlation coefficient of the scale 2 was a relatively high of 0.81 ; among the three subscales of the scale 2, the correlation coefficient of the P subscale was 0.63, that of the L subscale, 0.83, and that of the L subscale, 0.78, and all of them were significant ; Crohnbach's alpha of the scale 2 showed a high internal consistency with 0.92 ; the correlation coefficient of the scale 3 was a relatively high of 0.83 ; in Crohnbach's alpha, showed a high onsistency with 0.88. As results of factor analysis for the three subscales of the scale 2 by the Varimax rotation method, the extracted factors were not correlated with the items of three subscales.In conclusion, this is a preliminary study designed to standardize a Korean version of Panic Appraisal Inventory, and the tests of the reliability and the internal consistency of each item showed significant results. Follow-up studies should be carried out for validation applying various scales on a larger number of patients.

중장비 안전사고에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

박성지,이영내,고재모,이기태,한백희 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2002 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.34 No.-

미세혈관 협심증 환자의 임상상 및 지표에 관한 연구

박상호,온영근,김현정,이태훈,길효욱,김현건,박수진,송해정,한대희,방덕원,신원용,이내희,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : Microvascular angina or syndrom X is heterogenous and encompasses different pathogenetic entities. Several studies suggest that microvascular angina have good prognosis and occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women. Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and fibrinogen are the independent risk factor of acute coronary syndrome and are the chief underlying cause of atherosclerosis. We investigated clinical characteristics and markers in patients with microvascular angina. Methods : We studies 23 patients diagnosed with microvascular angina and 16 control group with negative treadmill exercise test and no significant coronary angiogram. We investigated clinical characteristics in patients group and evaluated symptom during a follow-up period of 4.2± 2.5 month. Exercise time in treadmill exercise test was compared between patients and control group. We assessed the level of markers, such as lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, CRP and ESR in two groups. Results : There is no difference in age between two groups. Patients group had a tendency to increase in female, hypertension, DM, and smoking history, but there was no statistical significance difference. Exercise duration time was significantly decreased in patients with microvascular angina (p<0,05). Serum lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholestrol, Triglyceride, ESR, Fibrinogen and Homocystein value were no significant difference between microvascular angina and control group. Only CRP was significantly high in patients with microvascular angina (p<0.05). Conclusion : There was no statistical significance difference in age, sex, hypertension, DM and smoking history between two groups but patients group had a tendency to increase the prevalence in hypertension, DM and smoking history, female. Also, Symptom improvement and disappearance in follow-up was presented in 11 patients of 19(57.9%). Exercise tolerance was worse in patients group than control group. CRP value was significantly higher in patients group than control group. There was no statistical significance difference in lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, homocystein, ESR and Fibrinogen between two groups.