LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포의 염증반응에서 감송향(甘松香)에서 추출한 8α-hydroxy pinoresinol의 항염증 효과

최선복 ( Sun Bok Choi ),박성주 ( Sung-joo Park ) 대한본초학회 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Objectives : Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) is a medicinal herb that has been reported in various traditional systems of medicine for its use in antispasmodic, a digestive stimulant, skin diseases. Previous studies have already reported that NJ effectively protects against inflammation. However, the active compound in NJ is unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed effects of a compound, 8α-hydroxy pinoresinol (HP), isolated from NJ against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of HP against LPS, intraperitoneally pre-treat the HP (100, 200, 500 and 1,000 nM) 1 h prior to LPS challenges. LPS was stimulated with 500 ng/ml in RAW 264.7 cells. To identify the anti-inflammatory effect of HP, we measured inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and its derivative nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Also we evaluated molecular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation by western blot. Results : The HP inhibited production of inflammatory mediators, such as iNOS and its derivative NO, COX-2 and PGE2 in LPS- induced inflammationin RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, HP also inhibited activation of p38 pathway signaling but not extracellularsignal-regulatedkinase (ERK), c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and NF-κB. Conclusion : Our results suggest that HP has anti-inflammatory functions through the dephosphorylation of p38 and HP can provide beneficial strategy for prevention and therapy of inflammation.

청소년의 차별경험이 공동체 의식에 미치는 영향 −청소년활동 참여의 조절효과를 중심으로

최선아(Choi, Sun Ah) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2020 社會科學硏究 Vol.36 No.3

본 논문의 목적은 청소년의 차별경험이 공동체 의식에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 청소년활동 참여의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 한국방정환재단의 지원 하에 연세대학교 사회발전연구소에서 5,094명의 중·고등학생을 대상으로 수집한 조사자료를 활용하였다. 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 청소년의 차별경험은 공동체 의식에 부정적인 영향을 주었고 청소년활동 참여의 조절효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 차별경험의 부정적인 효과를 예방하고 공동체 의식을 함양하기 위한 실제적이고 정책적인 개입방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of experiences of discrimination on sense of community among adolescents and to verify the moderating effect of youth activities. The research data including 5,094 responses of middle school and high school students collected by the Institute for social development studies at Yonsei University was analyzed. A multiple regression was performed. Results suggest that experiences of discrimination have an effect on sense of community among adolescents, and the moderating effect of youth activities was verified. Based on the results of this study, we discuss practical and policy interventions to prevent the harmful effects of experiences of discrimination and promote sense of community.

SPOT-5(HRG) 입체위성영상의 3차원 모델링 기법 연구

최선용(Choi, Sun Yong),신대식(Shin, Dae Sik),이용웅(Lee, Yong Woong) 한국측량학회 2003 한국측량학회지 Vol.21 No.3

관개용수 수질과 벼 수확량, 미질과의 상관관계 규명

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),최호진 ( Ho Jin Choi ),장정렬 ( Jeon Ryeol Jang ),이승헌 ( Seung Heon Lee ),오종민 ( Jong Min Oh ) 한국물환경학회 2005 한국물환경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigation water pollution on the yield and grain quality of rice. It acquires fundamental data to set up water quality standards for irrigation and produce agricultural safety products. The correlations of BOD, T-N, T-P, pH, ECw of the irrigation water with yield, grain appearance quality, and the protein content were evaluated. The field and pot experiments were conducted by using Japonica of Oryza sativa L. during 2 years. BOD concentration in irrigation water effects strongly on grain appearance quality and yield of rice. T-N in irrigation water has strong effect on the yield, appearance, and quality of rice. T-P concentration in irrigation water have not any correlation with yield and quality of rice. pH showed strongly negative correlation with maturity ratio(MTR), 1000 grain weight(TGW), and yield of rice(YLD) as r=-0.803~-0.828(p<0.001) and have no effect on the appearance quality of rice. EC_w indicating salt content showed strongly negative correlation with MTR, TGW, number of grains per panicles(NGP), and number of panicles per unit area(NPM) as r=-0.759~0.798, and with YLD as -0.753.

농업용수 EC 수준이 벼 생육, 수량, 미질에 미치는 영향

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),김호일 ( Ho Il Kim ),장정렬 ( Jeon Ryeol Jang ),오종민 ( Jong Min Oh ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2004 No.-

광촉매 반응에 의한 반응성 염료 함유 염색 폐수의 색도 제거

최선아 ( Sun Ah Choi ),최주희 ( Ju Hee Choi ),최성아 ( Sung Ah Choi ),이영행 ( Young Haeng Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2009 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

동아시아 7-8세기 轉法輪印 阿彌陀佛坐像 연구

최선아(Choi Sun-ah) 한국미술사학회 2004 美術史學硏究 Vol.- No.244

本 논문은 瑞像의 일종인 阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像을 통해 인도로부터 전래된 轉法輪印 佛座像 형식이 阿彌陀佛의 圖像으로 變容될 수 있었던 계기를 알아보고자 한 것이다. 인도 굽타 시대를 대표하는 불좌상 형식 가운데 하나인 전법륜인 불좌상은 본래 臺座에 鹿野園을 뜻하는 사슴과 說法을 의미하는 法輪을 조각함으로써 釋迦牟尼의 녹야원 첫 설법을 상징하는 像 으로서 성립되었다. 주위에 化作으로 생겨난 小佛陀들을 배치하여 舍衛城에서 千佛을 化現시키는 神變을 보이는 석가모니의 像으로 제작되기도 한 인도의 전법륜인 불좌상은 대부분 釋迦牟尼의 像으로 제직되었을 뿐, 다른 특정한 불타를 의미하는 예는 찾아보기 힘들다. 그러나 7-8세기 中國ㆍ韓國ㆍ日本에서 제작된 전법륜인 불좌상은 석가모니가 아닌, 아미타불 상으로 제작된 예가 많아 흥미로운 문제를 제기한다. 인도의 전법륜인 불좌장은 6세기 후반, 北齊代에 중국으로 전해졌다. 7세기가 되면 중국의 전법륜인 불좌상은 양 옆에 협시보살이 侍立하고, 그 주위에 여러 가지 자유로운 자세로 앉아있는 50체의 小菩薩像들이 배치된 阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像으로 제작된 예가 다수를 점한다. 阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像이라는 명칭은 634년에 제작된 四川省 梓潼縣 臥龍山 千佛嚴 造像碑와 唐 道宣律師가 편찬한 『集神州三寶感通錄』 (663)에 근거한 것이다, 두 기록에 따르면 阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像은 서역 천축의 瑞像으로, 정토왕생을 바라는 중생들을 위해 安樂界의 아미타불이 사바세계에 내려보내 주었다고 하는 신비로운 유래가 전하는 상이다. 그 상은 불교가 처음 전해진 後漢 明帝 무렵 迦葉摩騰의 ?子에 의해 중국에 알려졌으나 오랫동안 유포되지 못하다가, 隋 開皇元年(581) 明憲이라는 사문이 北齊 道長法師의 처소에서 상 한 구를 얻어 그 本을 이야기와 함께 널리 유포함으로써 다시 세상에 알려지게 되었다고 한다. 그러나 상의 유래나 도상의 중국 전래 과정에 관한 이와 같은 이야기는 역사적인 근거가 전혀 없는 허구에 해당된다. 중국의 불상 중에는 아미타불오십보살상처럼 신비로운 유래담이 전하는 상들이 있다. 일반적으로 그러한 상들을 瑞像이라 지칭하는데, 그 상들에 전하는 믿기 힘든 유래담은 주로 상에 대한 권위와 신비성을 높이기 위해 중국 불교도들에 의해 각색된 것이다. 그와 같은 瑞像들은 상에 대한 신비로운 이야기가 널리 알려지자 많은 모사가 이루어졌는데, 아미타불오십보살상 역시 그러했다. 현존하는 아미타불오십보살상은 634년에 제작된 사천성 재동현 와룡산 천불암의 조상을 비롯하여 綿陽 壁水寺, 通江 千佛崖, 巴中 南龕石窟 등 사천 지역 여러 석굴에서 찾아볼수 있다. 한편 敦煌 莫高窟 제332굴에는 벽화로 제작된 아미타불오십보살상이 남아 있으며, 河南省 龍門石窟 袞弘勣洞에는 아미타불오십보살상으로 추정되는 造像들이 있다. 通肩ㆍ轉法輪印 불좌상과 50체의 小菩薩像으로 이루어진 아미타불오십보살상은 인도로부터 전래된 전법륜인 불좌상 형식이 중국에서 독자적으로 變容되었음을 보여준다. 오랫동안 지속되어 온 瑞像 제작의 전통 속에서 중국 불교도들은 전법륜인 불좌장을 신비로운 유래가 있는 새로운 아미타불의 도상으로 인식하고, 거기에 小菩薩像 50체를 덧붙임으로써 그것을 瑞像의 일종으로 재창조한 것이다. 아미타불오십보살상을 계기로 아미타불의 도상으로 확고하게 인식되기 시작한 通肩ㆍ轉法輪印 불좌상은 일정 시기부터는 小菩薩像은 제외된 채 단독으로 제작되기도 하였다. 小菩薩像 도상 역시 여러 가지 변형을 거쳐 佛說法圖나 經變相圖의 일부로 편입되었다. 한편 중국에서 유통되고 있었던 阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像의 本은 統-新羅와 奈良에 전해져 여러 가지 변형 혹은 생략된 형태로 제작되었는데, 가장 대표적인 것이 韓國의 雁鴨池 출토 金銅三尊板佛과 日本의 法隆寺金堂 제6호벽 벽화이다. 瑞像의 일종으로 성립된 아미타불오십보살상은 인도로부터 전래된 전법륜인 불좌장 형식이 동아시아 삼국에서 독자적인 수용 과정을 거쳤음을 보여주는 동시에 7-8세기 한국과 일본에서 유행한 通肩ㆍ轉法輪印 불좌상의 직접적인 圖像的 원류가 된다는 데에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. This paper explores the advance of the seated Buddha images with dharmacakra-mudr? in East Asia during the 7th-8th centuries in relation to the iconographic type of the Amit?bha with fifty bodhisattvas" and the formation of ruixiang (瑞像, auspicious image) in medieval China. In Indian Buddhist art, a seated Buddha with dharmacakra-mudr? was commonly understood as a representation of the Buddha ??kyamuni giving the first sermon at the Deer Park in Sarnath: when it appears in combination with several small Buddhas, it was regarded as ??kyamuni performing the great miracle at ?r?vasti. However, in China, Korea and Japan, especially during the 7th and 8th centuries, this type of images seems to have been made as Amit?bha. The earliest extant example of a seated Buddha with dharmacakra-mudr? in China is dated from the latter half of the 6th century, In the 7th century, this type often appeared with fifty small bodhisattvas, and this particular format was called as Amitafo wushipusa xiang (阿彌陀佛五十菩薩像, image of Amitabha with fifty bodhisattvas). There are two sources for this designation: (1) an inscription on a stele of 634 at the Thousand Buddha Cliff at Mt. Wolong (臥龍山) in Zidong (梓潼), Sichuan (四川): (2) a record in the Ji Shenzhou sanbao gantong lu (集神州三寶感通錄, Collected Records of Spiritual Responses of the Three Jewels in China) compiled by Daoxuan (道宣) in 668. These two sources preserve various stories about the Amitafo wushipusa xiang. For example, it tells that the original image was a ruixiang from India and was sent by Amitabha for those who prayed for rebirth in Amitabha's Western Pure Land. It is also told that the image was introduced in China in the first century A.D. during the Later Han but to be forgotten immediately afterwards. Then about 500 years later, the image came to be known again when a monk named Mingxian (明憲) obtained an image at the residence of the master Daochang (道長) in the first year of Kaihuang (581) of the Sui. Mingxian transmitted its sketches to other provinces. and thus this image came to be known widely. As Interesting as these written sources may be, most of the stories have no substantial basis. Although Buddhist images in China that had mysterious and marvelous origins were called ruixiang, auspicious images, these incredible stories were in most instances fabricated by Chinese Buddhists to endow authority and magical power to the images. In Ji Shenzhou sanbao gantong lu, fifty stories are listed recounting the auspicious images from the Han to the Tang, and Amitafo wushipusa xiang is one of them. The auspicious images were copied repeatedly for their miraculous origins and spiritual power, so was the Amitajo wushipusa xiang. Many examples of the Amitafo wushipusa xiang are found in Sichuan province. The earliest is one at the Ten Thousand Buddha Cliff at Mt. Wolong. There are other examples at Bishui Monastery (壁水寺) at Mianyang (綿陽), Ten Thousand Buddhas Cliff at Tongjiang (通江), and Southern Niches Grotto at Bazhong (巴中). A painted version is preserved in Cave 332 of Dunhuang. A sculptured example is also ill the Yuanhongze Cave (袁弘勣洞) in Longmen. Although the iconographic type of the seated Buddha with dharmacakra-mudr? was transmitted from India, Chinese did not simply accept it but transformed it as a new type for Amit?bha. The tradition that the image was sent by Amit?bha himself played an important role in justifying and empowering the new iconography. It should be noted, however, that there also exist images of this type without fifty bodhisattvas. Yet the context of production or accompanying inscriptions confirm that they all represent Amit?bha. The popularization of the new Amitabha type in East Asia during the 7th and 8th centuries is attested by contemporaneous images from Korea and Japan. In the gilded bronze Buddha triads excavated from Anabji (雁鴨池) in Gyeongju (慶州), datable to the late 7th to the early 8th centuries. the main Buddha is seated with dhar

사상성 조류매트 산화지의 수질정화효율

최선화 ( Choi Sun-hwa ),장정렬 ( Jang Jeong-ryeol ),안열 ( Ahn Yeul ) 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

This study was carried out to evaluate of water purification in oxidation pond with filamentous algae mat. It is the water treatment process in the small rural streams to remove the organic materials and nutrients. We used the filamentous algae mat(FAM) which selectively predominate the filamentous algae to prevent the additional contamination by algae outflow. The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in Oxidation Pond with Filamentous Algae Mat were -2.5%, 84.7%, 63.9% and 89.2%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P which are nutrients index were high. Results of this study would help us to determine the possibility of using the water treatment on the contaminated small rural streams.

주오염원별 농업용저수지의 장기 수질특성변화

최선화 ( Choi Sun-hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho-il ),윤경섭 ( Yoon Kyung-seup ),박종민 ( Park Jong-min ) 한국농공학회 2002 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2002 No.-

This study has been carried out to analized of long term changes of water quality with regard to main pollutant sources in agricultural reservoirs on the basis of data during 1996-2001. The major source was domestic wastewater(DWW) and water pollution by non-point sources(NPS) is increasing as time goes. It was determined that Seasonly average values of DWW were pH 7.6~8.7, COD 7.0~9.4, T-N 0.74~2.07, T-P 0.05~0.62, Live-stock wastewater(LWW) were pH 7.5~8.9, COD 5.5~9.8, T-N 0.57~1.91 , T-P 0.04~0.13, NPS were pH 7.1~8.3, COD 3.1~5.2, T-N 0.29~1.44, T-P 0.02~0.07. Fluctuation of DWW and LWW were very wide and variable long term patterns of them were similar. Trophic states by Carlson Index of DWW and LWW was classified as eutrophic to hypretrophic from chl-a, T-P concentration.

관개용수 pH가 벼 생육, 수량, 미질에 미치는 영향(I)

최선화 ( Choi Sun Hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho Il ),안열 ( An Yeul ),허유만 ( Huh Yoo Man ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the pH of irrigation water on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. It acquire fundamental know ledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments using irrigation waters with various pH values(control, 4, 6, 8, 10) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that the uptake of N, P, and K, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice tended to be reduced at the irrigation water of pH 4 and pH 10. P uptake, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice at pH 4 water were significantly lower than the control. K uptake at pH 10 water was significantly lower than the control. Plant height, SPAD value and protein content of rice were not affected by the pH of irrigation water.