The Effect of Topiramate on Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Expression of Glutamate Receptor in Kainate-induced Status Epilepticus Model

박민정,하세운,배혜란,김상호,Park Min-Jeong,Ha Se-Un,Bae Hae-Rahn,Kim Sang-Ho Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

신경흥분독성과 간질발작발현은 glutamate 수용체활성과 연관이 있다고 알려져 있다. a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA), kainate 수용체에 대한 glutamate 활성을 포함하는 다양한 기전을 가진 항전간제인 Topiramate는 신경보호작용을 가진다는 증거가 제시되어 Topiramate가 간질발작 후 해마의 glutamate 수용체 발현에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 흰쥐에 kainate를 복강 내 주사하여 간질중첩증을 유발시킨 후 Topiramate를 1주일 주사하였다 Apop tag in situ detection kit를 이용하여 세포손상을 관찰한 결과 kainate 유발 간질중첩증 1주일 후 해마의 CA1, CA3에서 심각한 세포사를 보였으나, Topiramte 처리 군에서는 세포사가 현저히 감소하였다. 간질중첩증 이후 NMDA 수용체 아형 1,2a, 2b 발현이 현저히 증가했으나 Topiramate 처치에 의해 NMDA수용체의 발현에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. AMPA수용체에서는 GluR1이 간질중첩증 이후 현저히 상향 조정되었고 GluR2는 현저히 하향조정 되었다 Topiramate 1주일 처리 시 간질중첩증으로 인해 변화된 CluR1과 GluR2의 발현이 역전되었다. 결론적으로 Topiramate는 간질중침증에 의한 CluR1/CluR2 발현비의 증가로 유발되는 흥분성 신경세포사를 억제시킴으로써 신경보호작용이 있는 것으로 보인다. Excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis have often been associated with glutamate receptor activation. Accumulating evidences indicates that topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic drug with multiple mechanisms of action has neuroprotective activity. We explored the neuroprotective effect of TPM on the status epilepticus (SE)-induced hippocampal neuronal death. After development of SE by kainite injection (15 mg/Kg), rats were treated with TPM (10mg/kg) for 1 week. The neuronal death was detected by Apop tag in situ detection kit, and the expression levels of glutamate receptors were semi-quantitatively analyzed by immunoblot. Kainate-induced SE caused a significant neuronal death and cell loss in CAI and CA3 regions of hippocampus at 1 week. However, treatment of TPM for 1 week after SE markedly reduced hippocampal neuronal death. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1, was increased by SE, but was not affected by 1 week treatment of TPM. The expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2a and 2b were not changed by either SE or TPM. As for ${\alpha}-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate$ (AMPA) glutamate receptors (GluR), kainate-induced SE markedly up-regulated GluR1 expression but down-regulated GluR2 expression, leading to increased formation of $Ca^{2+}$ permeable GluR2- lacking AMPA receptors. TPM administration for 1 week attenuated SE-induced expression of both the up-regulation of GluR1 and down-regulation of GluR2, reversing the ratio of GluR1/GluR2 to the control value. In conclusion, TPM protects neuronal cell death against glutamate induced excitotoxicity in kainate-induced SE model, supporting the potential of TPM as a neuroprotective agent.

고장초 추출물의 t-BHP로 산화적 손상이 유도된 HepG2 세포 보호 효과

박세호(Se-Ho Park),이재열(Jae-Yeul Lee),양선아(Seun-Ah Yang),방대석(Daesuk Bang),지광환(Kwang-Hwan Jhee) 한국생명과학회 2021 생명과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

고장초는 오랫동안 식용 및 의약 목적으로 차를 만드는 데 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 고장초를 고부가가치 식용재료로 사용하는 연구는 불충분하다. 이전 연구에서 우리는 tricin이 고장초의 주요 화합물임을 확인했다. 본 연구에서는 고장초 추출물의 HepG2 세포 보호 효과를 조사하였다. 고장초 추출물 또는 tricin의 HepG2 세포에 대한 독성 실험 결과, 사용한 모든 농도에서 고장초 추출물 또는 tricin에 대한 독성은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)에 의해 감소된 세포 생존율은 고장초 추출물(100 μg/ml에서 69.23%) 또는 tricin (100 ng/ml에서 74.47%)에 의해 증가되었다. 또한 고장초 추출물(250 μg/ml) 또는 tricin (250 ng/ml)은 산화적 손상에 의한 활성 산소종(ROS) 생성을 효과적으로 억제했다. 또한 항산화 효소로 알려진 superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2)의 단백질 발현은 고장초 추출물(100 μg/ml에서 2.1, 1.6, 1.7, 1.5배) 또는 tricin (250 ng/ml에서 2.6, 1.8, 2.2, 2.0배) 처리로 증가했으며, 이는 고장초 추출물의 HepG2 세포 보호 효과는 tricin의 활성과 관련이 있다는 것을 시사한다. 종합하면 고장초는 간 기능개선 관련 기능성 식품 소재로 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Zizania latifolia has long been used as a tea for both edible and medicinal purposes. However, research into the use of Z. latifolia as a high value-added edible material is lacking. In a previous study, we confirmed that tricin is the major component in Z. latifolia. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of a Z. latifolia extract (ZLE). Toxicity tests of ZLE or tricin on HepG2 cells revealed no toxicity due to ZLE or tricin at all concentrations used. The reduction in cell viability by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) was suppressed by treatment with ZLE or tricin. In addition, ZLE or tricin effectively inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (generation of hydrogen peroxide, alkoxy free radicals, and peroxyl free radicals by t-BHP) and oxidative damage. ZLE or tricin treatments also increased the protein expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which are known as antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that the protective effect of ZLE is related to activation of tricin. Taken together, the results indicate that Z. latifolia can be developed as a functional food material for improving liver function.

Bucillamine prevents cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through induction of glutathione and antioxidant genes

Kim, Se-Jin,Ho Hur, Joon,Park, Channy,Kim, Hyung-Jin,Oh, Gi-Su,Lee, Joon No,Yoo, Su-Jin,Choe, Seong-Kyu,So, Hong-Seob,Lim, David J,Moon, Sung K,Park, Raekil Nature Publishing Group 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.2

<P>Bucillamine is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This study investigated the protective effects of bucillamine against cisplatin-induced damage in auditory cells, the organ of Corti from postnatal rats (P2) and adult Balb/C mice. Cisplatin increases the catalytic activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 proteases and the production of free radicals, which were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with bucillamine. Bucillamine induces the intranuclear translocation of Nrf2 and thereby increases the expression of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSS), which further induces intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). However, knockdown studies of HO-1 and SOD2 suggest that the protective effect of bucillamine against cisplatin is independent of the enzymatic activity of HO-1 and SOD. Furthermore, pretreatment with bucillamine protects sensory hair cells on organ of Corti explants from cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity concomitantly with inhibition of caspase-3 activation. The auditory-brainstem-evoked response of cisplatin-injected mice shows marked increases in hearing threshold shifts, which was markedly suppressed by pretreatment with bucillamine <I>in vivo</I>. Taken together, bucillamine protects sensory hair cells from cisplatin through a scavenging effect on itself, as well as the induction of intracellular GSH.</P>

경주지역 여고생의 초경과 체성장간의 관계

김준섭,권오구,박진석,오종수,박정현,박제식,안세한,이용환,서정호,신태섭,최영배,김덕수,이관,박수경 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경주지역 1개 고등학교 3학년 여고생을 대상으로 초경 시작 전인 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레 수치와 초경 연령을 파악하여 여성의 초경이 빠를수록 체성장 속도의 변화가 있을 것이라는 가설을 기초로 두 요인간의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 경주시 1개 여자고등학교 3학년생 총 317명에 대해 ㅊ경 나이, 초경시 심리 상태, 초경이 시작되었을 때의 상담 여부와 상담하였던 사람, 부모 신장과 초경전후의 식사 규칙성, 다이어트 경험, 수면시간, 스트레스, 음주/흡연 여부, 질병력 등에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레에 대한 정보는 건강기록부에서 확보하였다. 상기 대상자 중 건강기록부가 분실된 39명, 초경나이에 대해 응답하지 않았던 29명 및 결석 등으로 조사를 하지 못하였던 42명을 제외한 조사 대상자는 206명으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 초경연령 평균값(Mean±SD)은 13.0±1.11이었고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 초경 이후 신장 성장률은 감소하였으며, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교 때는 신장에 있어서 우위를 차지하나 고등학교에 오면서 신장은 비슷한 수준이 되었다. 초경후 1-2년 사이에 체중과 흉위의 증가율은 감소하였고, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교와 고등학교 사이에 체중과 흉위에서 모두 우위를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 흔히 이차 성징의 시작 시점 혹은 사춘기의 시작 시점으로 보고있는 초경 연령이 청소년기의 성장과 밀접한 관련성이 있고, 특히 체중과 흉위의 성장 속도와 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사한다. To understand the onset of menarche in relation to changes in physical growth that take place during female adolescence, especially the changes in height and weight velocity. The 207 senior in one women high school of Kyongju were investigated in April 3 to 8, 2001. We collected the information, relation in the age at menarche, height & weight of parents, regularity of eating, and obesity diet, duration of sleeping, sickness & stress near age at menarche, by self-recording. The status of height, weight & chest circumference between the 4th grade of primary school and the junior of high school was collected by individual Health Record. The results were followed; The average age at menarche was 12.95±1.11 years old and the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. After menarche, the velocity of height, weight and chest circumference were decreased. The most rapid group of menarche hold dominant position in height during elementary school. As time passed, they dont hold dominant position in height. The most rapid group of menarche get an advantage in the weight and the girth of chest after elementary school. The height of subjects is directly proportional to the height of their parents. These results suggest that the starting age at menestuation can be closely associated with physical growth and development.

도시근린공원 방범설계 (CPTED)의 효과성 검증

홍소연(Hong, So Yeon),권순호(Kwon, Soom Ho),박세희(Park, Se Hee),김은기(Kim, Eun Kee) 한국공안행정학회 2020 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.29 No.1

이 연구는 도시근린공원에서의 범죄예방환경설계 효과성 검증을 목적으로 실시되었다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 선행연구에서 활용된 범죄예방환경설계 평가항목을 활용하여 대상 공원 두 곳의 범죄예방환경설계 수준을 객관적으로 평가하였고, 설계 수준이 우수한 공원과 낮은 공원 방문객들을 대상으로 각각 범죄피해두려움을 측정하였다. 분석결과 설계 수준이 우수한 공원보다 설계 수준이 낮은 공원에서 방문객들의 범죄피해두려움이 더 높게 나타남을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 두 공원에서 느끼는 범죄피해두려움의 평균차이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이로 확인되었다. 따라서 도시근린공원에서의 범죄예방환경설계는 이용객들의 범죄피해 두려움을 낮추는 효과가 있다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이 연구는 범죄피해두려움에 영향을 미치는 다른 요인들을 통제하지 못하였다는 점, 조사대상 공원의 범죄예방환경설계 수준에 대한 평가의 정교성이 다소 낮다는 점 등의 한계가 존재한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 ‘CPTED 인식’과 범죄피해두려움의 관계를 주로 검토하여 효과성을 검증하고자 한 기존 선행연구와는 달리 객관적 평가척도를 활용하여 설계수준 차이에 따른 범죄피해 두려움의 차이를 검증함으로써 CPTED의 효과성을 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있는 연구라 하겠다. This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of crime prevention environment design in urban neighborhood parks. To achieve the objectives of the research, the crime prevention environmental design evaluation items used in the previous studies were objectively evaluated, and the crime prevention environment design levels of two target parks were objectively evaluated. Fear of crime was measured. As a result, visitors were found to have higher fears of crime victimization in parks with lower design level than those with better design level, and the average difference between crime fears felt between two parks was statistically significant. Therefore, the design of crime prevention environment in urban neighborhood parks can be said to reduce the fear of crime victims. However, this study has limitations such as the lack of control of other factors affecting the fear of crime, and the low level of elaboration of the assessment of crime prevention environment design of the park under investigation. Nevertheless, unlike previous studies that mainly examined the relationship between CPTED awareness and fear of crime, CPTED by verifying the difference of crime damage fear according to the design level by using objective evaluation scale. It is a meaningful study in that it verified the effectiveness of.

소아에서 외상성 질식 증후군에 대한 임상적 고찰

박승현,최승필,나병호,황주일,나석주,전해명,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Traumatic asphyxia has often been described as a rare clinical syndrome characterized by cervicofacial cyanosis and edema, multiple petechiae, and subconjunctival hemorrhage after a severe crush injury of the thorax or upper part of the abdomen. The pathogenesis of traumatic asphyxia is that after compression of the chest or upper abdomen, intrathoracic pressure increased suddenly. Blood is forced out of the right atrium through the valveless innominate and jugular veins into the head and neck. This sudden increased thoracic pressure in small venules and capillaries causes rapid dilation and minute hemorrhages producing the petechiae often seen. Treatment is supportive and should be focused on the associated injuries. The prognosis for traumatic asphyxia is very good despite the alarming initial physical appearance. If the patient survives the initial insult, the prognosis is excellent. Neurologic sequale may be permernant. We experienced five case of the traumatic asphyxia, and its clinical and pathophysiologic features are discussed. Increased awareness of this syndrome by emergency physicians will result in better reporting ad understanding of its clinical implications.

출아효모에서 TAR 클론닝법을 이용한 고등동물의 게놈으로부터 특정 염색체 부위의 분리

박정은,윤영호,이윤주,김광섭,윤세련,안태진,임선희,선우양일 동아대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.20 No.1

복잡한 게놈 분석에 용이하도록 효모의 인공 염색체(YAC) 클론닝 시스템은 발달되어왔다. YAC은 박테리아의 인공 염색체(BAC)보다 더 큰 단편을 클론닝할 수 있고, 또한 클론된 단편을 쉽게 변형시킬 수 있다. 형질전환과 연계된 재조합법(Transformation-Associated Recombination; TAR)은 게놈 라이브러리를 만들지 않고 직접 게놈 DNA로부터 분리하고자 하는 유전자나 특정 염색체 부분을 클론닝 할 수 있는 방법이다. 이 방법은 spheroplast transformation을 수행하는 동안, 목적으로 하는 유전자의 5' 그리고 3' 염기 배열(hooks)을 지닌 TAR 벡터와 게놈 DNA 사이에서 일어나는 상동성 재조합에 의해 이루어진다. 효모 내의 in vivo 재조합을 이용한 TAR 클론닝법은 복잡한 게놈으로부터 목적의 염색체 부분을 원형 YAC의 형태로서 선택적으로 분리할 수 있다. 그러므로 TAR 클론닝 법은 특정 염색체로부터 YACs을 만드는데 매우 유용하여, 전체 게놈으로부터 특이적 유전자나 유전자의 family를 분리하는데 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. Yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) cloning systems have advanced the analysis of complex genomes considerably. They permit the cloning of larger fragments than do bacterial artificial chromosome systems, and the cloned material is more easily modified. Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) is a cloning technique that allows specific chromosomal regions or genes to be isolated directly from genomic DNA without prior construction of a genomic library. This technique involves homologous recombination during spheroplast transformation between genomic DNA and a TAR vector that has 5' and 3' gene targeting sequences (hooks). Using in vivo recombination in yeast, TAR cloning selectively isolates, as circular YACs, desired chromosome segments or entire genes from complex genomes. We propose that TAR cloning can provide an efficient means for generating YACs from specific chromosomes and that TAR cloning may be useful for isolating families of genes and specific genes from total genome DNA.

인발 성형 공정을 이용한 carbon-glass hybrid composite 제작

박상윤,최원종,강길호,문초록,김세영 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

단면이 일정한 구조용 복합재료 제조공정에 널리 사용되고 있는 pultrusion 공정을 이용하여 glass-carbon fiber hybrid composite을 제조하였다. 열분석을 통하여 모재의 경화온도와 경화시간을 분석한 후 금형의 온도와 pulling speed를 결정하였다. 다양한 섬유 비율의 hybrid composite를 제작하였으며 flexural modulus를 측정한 결과 rule of mixture를 이용한 예상치 보다 높은 값을 보였다. Glass-carbon hybrid composite was manufactured by pultrusion process. The major processing conditions such as temperature of heating die and pulling speed have been fixed from thermal analysis results. Hybrid composites with various carbon fiber content were manufactured and flexural modules of each hybrid composite as measured. Compare with rule of mixture, positive hybrid effect was observed.

두개골조기봉합증환자에서 3차원단층촬영영상의 이용

박세혁,윤대영,이규호,오세문 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.7

Technical advances in computer image analysis have made possible three-dimensional(3D) surface reformations of anatomic structures from contiguous axial CT slices We have recently utilized this 3D CT reconstruction with spiral CT scanner in S consecutive patients with primary or secondary craniosynostosis to assess the pres-ence and extent of synostosis. associated calvarial deformity and to facilitate surgical planning of ths craniectomy sits High resolution 3- mm contiguous CT sections were obtained and 3D shaded-surface reconstruction image gen-erated after reformation at f- mm interval In each case 9D CT demonstrated the exact extent of synostosis. and in 3 cases it was confirmed by surgical inspection 3D CT lmages facilitated surgical planning by precisely localizing the proper sits for craniectomy Three-dimensional CT with shaded-surface display may be a us㉣ful adjunct to im-aging and surgical planning in the patients with craniosynostosis. as well as a useful follow-up imaging study during observation or after surgery

뇌동맥류환자에서의 나선식 CT를 이용한 3D CT 혈관조영술의 이용 및 가치

박세혁,이규호,오세문 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.11

We evaluate the detection of cerebral aneurysms with 3-dimensional(3D) computed tomographic angiography(CTA) and compare the results with those of magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) and conventional cerebral angiography(CCA). Ten patients with 12 cerebral aneurysms were studied with spiral CT in conjunction with CCA and MRA. All aneurysms(3-20㎜ in diameter) were seen in CTA, MRA and CCA except 1 aneurysm(3㎜ in diameter) in MRA. CIA demonstrated neck, shape, direction of the aneurysm, and adjacent vascular and bony structures well. Of 12 aneurysms. 4 were seen equally with CCA and MRA. 4 were seen better with CCA owing to flow-related or motion artifact in MRA, and 4 were seen better with MRA. CTA was considered to be superior to CCA and MRA in demonstrating calcification and thrombosis in the aneurysm. 3D CTA with spiral CT is a rapid noninvasive method of visualizing the cerebral aneurysms and is comparable with MRA in demonstrating the aneurysms. We think 3D CTA can be a screening tool for use in the patients with suspected cerebral aneurysms and will be of a value in surgical planning for patients with complex cerebral aneurysms, in demonstrating the anatomy of the aneurysms and surrounding structures.