공여자의 종류에 따른 간이식 후 감염성 합병증의 비교 : Comparison between Orthotopic and Living Donor Transplantation

기현균,손준성,오원섭,백경란,이남용,김성주,조재원,이석구,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 최근 간이식 수요가 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 하나의 대안으로 생체 부분 간이식(LDLT) 시행례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 뇌사자 사체 간이식(OLT)과의 감염 양상을 비교하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1996년 5월부터 2003년 8월까지 삼성서울병원에서 간이식을 시행 받은 284명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 188명은 LDLT를, 96명은 OLT를 시행 받았다. 간이식 후 감염증은 총 191명에서 발생하였고(67.0%) OLT 환자군과 LDLT 환자군 사이에 감염증의 발생 빈도와 원인 병원체의 빈도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 병원체 별로는 Enterococcus 균정(16.2%) S. aureus(15.1%), coagulase negative staphylococci (13.4%)의 순서였다. 감염증의 종류는 복강 내 감염이 총 83례로 가장 많았는데, LDLT에서 OLT에 비하여 유의하게 높게 발생하였다(34.0% vs 19.8%, P=0.012). 요로 감염증(11.5% vs 4.3%, P=0.022)과 침습성 아스페르길루스증(7.3% vs 1.6%, P=0.034)은 OLT을 시행한 경우에 많았다. 기타 감염증은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 간이식 환자에서 공여자의 종류에 따른 감염의 발생빈도는 차이가 없었으나 감염증 중 복강 내 감염은 LDLT에서 더 많이 발생하였다. 장구균 감염, 특히 반코마이신 내성 장구균이 간이식 후 발생하는 감염증의 중요한 원인 병원체임을 확인하였다. Background : Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been performed more frequently to circumvent the shortage of donor organs. However, infectious complications after LDLT compared with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have not been well investigated to date. Methods : We have retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all consecutive cases of liver transplantation, which had been performed at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from May 1996 to August 2003. Results : Of the 284 patients enrolled, 188 (66.2%) underwent LDLT. Overall incidence of infectious complications after liver transplantation was 67.0% (191/284). Incidence of infections was not different between OLT group (67.7%) and LDLT group (67.0%) (P=0.9). Bacterial infections were the most common infectious complications (146 cases) followed by viral infections (32 cases), fungal infections (26 cases), and tuberculosis (4 cases). Enterococcus spp. (16.2%) were the leading pathogens followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.1 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (13.4%). However, the distribution of etiologic agents was not different between OLT and LDLT group. Intra-abdominal infections (83 cases) were the most common type of infectious complications, which were more frequent in LDLT group (34.0%) than in OLT group (19.8%) (P=O.Ol). Conclusion : LDLT resulted in intra-abdominal infections more frequently than OLT. Enterococcus spp., especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci, are emerging pathogens in patients with liver transplantation.

大學 新入生의 道德的 事態判斷 水準 및 槪念化 樣相의 分析

宋明子,趙鏞夏,薛耆汶,李京淑 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1988 學生硏究 Vol.17 No.-

This study was conducted in order to analyze freshmen's level of cognitive judgment of moral situations and their conceptions of moral situation in different conceptual domains. The research questions to be answered in this study were as follows : 1) What are freshmen's levels of the judgment in moral situations, and are the levels differentiated according to their sex and majors? 2) What are the justifications in each domain? In other words, how do justifications of nonpermissibility, generality, and rule-independency differ in such domains as moral, conventional, and personal? 3) How are freshmen's conceptions of moral situation characterized? Subjects in this study were 200 freshmen(131 boys and 79 girls) randomly sampled from Dong-a University. The instruments were Kim's(1985) Test of Moral Development Judgment which was translated from Rest's(1979) DIT, and 9 interview situations for moral judgment and justfication developed by the current researchers on the basis of Turiel's theory. Subjeects were presented with six moral dilemas and 9 moral situations by 10 research aides who are seniors of education department of dong-A University, specially trained for this study. Data were analyzed statistically to answer the research questions. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) More freshmen attained level P in terms of judgment of moral situations, while some other students did levels three and four. Therfore, it is considered that a large amount of freshmen start the principled-stage thinking. 2) Many freshmen showed high degree of transitional phase(4½) as level P according to frequencies in each moral stage. This reflects the apparent regression from the hightest stages to stage 2 during freshmen's campus life. Additionally, this kind of regression is found in arts and physical education students rather than other students. 3) There is no sex difference in the levels of freshmen's moral judgment. 4) Freshmen justified the transgressions in moral situations on permissibility and generality. Therefore, they appear to view moral issues as more legitimately subject to moral domain. In part, they tend to view moral issues as subject to conventional domain in that they justify the affairs related to peers of elders on rule-dependence. 5) Freshmen's domain distinction was apparent in that they justified conventional issues on generality. However, they are also seem to moralize since they partly view conventional issues containing relationships with parents as subject to moral domain. 6) Freshmen justified personal issues on rule-dependence and generality. Therfore, it is concluded that they justify the personal issues as subject to conventional domain. 7) Freshmen are more likely to reason about moral issues as personal obligation and sort them as under moral domain. However, within-domain differences in justifications are apparent in that freshmen treated the moral issues as subject to customs or traditions, or personal choice. 8) A strong moralizing is evident in that freshmen conceived conventional issues in terms of other's welfare rather than conventional reason. 9) The within-domain consistence is obvious in that freshment reasoned about personal issues as personal and sort them as under personal domain. However, it is found freshmen's moral conceptions are dependent on situations because some students justified personal issues on other's welfare or obligation while other sutdents did on moral reasons and conventional sanctions or customs.

동통치료에 사용되는 이완요법(RELAXATION THERAPY) : Ⅰ.이완요법의 기본 개념

송윤헌,김기석 대한두개하악장애학회 1993 대한두개하악장애학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Methylene Blue의 Metachromasy에 對한 溶媒效果의 吸收分光學的 硏究

宋基東,尹晳珍 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

A typical metachromatic dye, methylene bIue, has been found not to associate in ethanol, ethyIene glycerol and 80wt.% dioxane and the spectra observed in the various kind of organic soIvents are in good agreement with the calculated monomer spectra in both the shape and the absorption intensity. These facts reveal that the water molecules play an important role in the self-association of the dye molecules in aqueous solution. In this study, The spectral changes of methylene blue were observed in the mixtures of water and organic solvents with the chane in wt.% organic solvent, and analyzed. Discussions were made both upon the change in intensity and frequency shift. The result intensity change is ascribed to the change in the degree of association and the frequency is explained in the terms of the interaction between the excited state of the molecules and solvent polarity. The unexpected red shift due to the addition of organic solvent in water seems to be the result of the water-structure effect on the formation of the dye dimers.

새로운 투여 방법에 의한 비스테로이드성 소염진통제 Clonixin lysinate <Dorisin^(�)>의 유효성 및 안전성 평가

송석우,박인근,노승무,장일성,배진선,손기섭 최신의학사 1992 最新醫學 Vol.35 No.11

工業敎育大學 工業化學敎育科의 敎科課程 改善에 관한 硏究

송해영,홍원표,맹기석,윤석호,노재성,강용 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.2(A)

The methods for the improvements of curriculum of the Department of Industrial Chemistry Education were examined in some detail discussing the following items; 1) Comparison and analysis of the new curriculum with the old of the Department of Chemical Industry in technical high school. 2) Examination of the current curriculum of the Department of Industrial Chemistry Education in Industrial Education College. 3) Suggestion of the improved curriculum suitable for the students in the Department of Industrial Chemistry Education.

지역사회획득 폐렴의 치료지침 권고안

송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

쑥 급여 돼지고기의 냉장저장 중 품질특성

김일석,진상근,송영민,하경희,김회윤,남기윤,류현지,하지희 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.4

쑥 분말 사료를 암돼지 및 거세돈에 첨가하여 그 수준에 따라 0%(T1, 암돼지, T2; 거세돈)와 1.5%(T3; 암돼지, T4, 거세돈)로 각 구별 45두씩 배치, 42일간 급여하여 생산된 돈육의 육질특성은 다음과 같다. 도체중량과 등지방두께는 73가 가장 낮았으며, 도체등급에서는 처리구간 유의차가 없었다(P>0.05). 쑥 분말 급여시 암돼지간(T1과 T3)에서는 조회분, 거세돈간(T2와 T4)에는 조지방 및 조회분 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). pH는 저장기간에 증가함에 따라 모든 처리구에서 감소하였으며, 쑥 분말 급여 처리구(T3와 T4)에서다소 높은 pH값을 나타내었다 드립감량은 처리구간에 일정한㎏/㎠경향을 나타내지 않았지만 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 높아졌다. 전단가(shear force, ㎏/㎠)는 T1을 제외한 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 감소하였다. 명도와 적색도는T3가 T1 보다 다소 높은 수치를 보였으나, 거세돈간(T2와 T4)에서는 오히려 낫게 나타났다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 TBARS와 VBN값은 공히 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05),쑥 분말 급여 처리구(T3 및 T4)에서 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 지방산 분석결과, 포화지방산(saturated fatty acids)은 대조구에 비해 쑥 분말 첨가수준 증가에 따라 포화지방산은 높아지고 상대적으로 불포화지방산(unsaturated fatty acids)은 낮아지는 경향이 있었으나 유의차는 없고, 콜레스테롤의 경우에도 동일하게 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 전체적인 기호도는 신선육 및 조리육 공히 처리구가 낮은 점수를 얻었다. 향후 쑥 분말 급여에 대한 보다 많은 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to investigate the feeding effects of mugwort powder on meat quality characteristics for 42 days. The results obtained were as follows; Carcass weight(㎏) and backfat thickness(㎜) of T3 showed the lowest compared with other treatments. Grade scores were not significantly differ among the all treatments. In the proximate composition, crude ash content was higher(P<0.05) in the T3 than that of T1, while, crude fat and crude ash contents in T4 were higher(P<0.05) than those of T2. pH values were tended to low as storage period extended, in particular, those values slightly higher in the T3 and T4. Drip loss(%) was tended to increase during storage. Shear force(㎏/㎠) in all samples showed the decreased during the storage, except for Ti. L^(*) and a^(*) of T3 were slightly higher than those of T1, while, T4 was lower than T3. TBARS and VBN of all samples were significantly increased(P<0.05) as storage period extended, those values significantly higher(P<0.05) in the T3 and T4. There were no differences in saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol of pork meat between control(T1 and T2) and treatments(T3 and T4). The sensory score of pork samples fed with mugwort power were lower than that of control(T1 and T2) in both fresh and cooked meat. Further studied are needs on the pigs fed with mugwort powder.

가전기기 발생 극저주파 자계 고조파특성 해석

민석원,송기현 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2004 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.10 No.1

With biological effects by ELF(Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field generated from power system, the transient magnetic field from electric appliances is a major issue presently. Because the transient magnetic field induces higher current than the power frequency field inside living bodies, transient magnetic field exposure has been much focused. In this paper, it is shown that transient magnetic field from electric home appliances can be characterized as magnetic dipole moment. In this method, the dipole moment vector is assumed by allowing an uncertainty of 6 dB in the estimated field. A parameter M that represents biological interaction was applied also. The proposed method was applied to 6 type of appliances(Mixer, Microwave oven, PC, etc.) and their equivalent magnetic dipole moment and harmonic components were estimated. As the results, the useful data for quantifying magnetic field distribution around electric appliances were obtained.

DC Servo Motor를 이용한 초정밀 위치결정기구의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 제어성능 평가

박기형,김재열,윤성운,이규태,곽이구,송인석,한재호 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.6

Recently, High accuracy and precision arc required in various industrial field especially, semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, Ulna precision positioning apparatus, Information field and so on. Positioning technology is a very important one among them. As such technology has been rapidly developed, this field needs the positioning accuracy as high as submicron. It is expected that the accuracy of 10nm and 1nm is required in precision work and ultra precision work field, respectively by the beginning of 2000s. High speed and low vibration arc also needed. This work deals with the design method and control system of Ultra precision positioning apparatus. Control perfor-mance and stability analysis were performed in advance by modeling and designing the controller with Simulink.