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디지털 영상의 표현 층위 고도화와 기술 환경 - 90년대 초 고(高) 부동소수점 연산 성능의 보급과 CG/CGI 작업물의 관계를 중심으로
윤나라 ( Yoon¸ Na-ra ) 한국기호학회 2022 기호학연구 Vol.70 No.-
이 글은 융합적 담론의 저변 확대를 통해 인문학 연구자뿐만 아니라 콘텐츠 창작자와 기술 개발 당사자 모두가 공유할 수 있는 공통 기반의 수립에 기여함을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해, 이 글은 창작과 비평, 기술과 예술 모두에서 공히 빈번하게 다루어지는 컴퓨터 그래픽스(Computer graphics, CG) 및 컴퓨터 생성 이미지(Computer generated imagary, CGI) 분야와 이 분야에서 가장 중요한 지표 중 하나인 부동소수점 연산 성능을 중심으로 융합적 논의의 가능성을 타진한다. 디지털 영상 작업은 가장 바깥쪽의 시각적 층위 한 겹을 제외하면 표현식의 작성과 조작, 즉 수학적 데이터를 다루는 행위이며, 따라서 데이터의 정확도 및 정밀도와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 소수점이 유동(流動)하는 부동소수점 방식은 고정소수점 방식에 비해 더 적은 자릿수만으로도 더 넓은 범위의 수를 더 정확하고 더 정밀하게 표현할 수 있지만, 소수점의 유동성으로 인해 더 높은 연산 성능을 필요로 한다. 1990년대 초반 저비용 고성능의 범용 하드웨어의 등장과 보급은 새로운 기술 환경을 조성했고, 이는 곧 디지털 영상 작업물의 고도화뿐만 아니라 대중화도 함께 견인했다. 이 글은 당시의 상황을 기술과 예술의 융합적 관점을 통해 재조명하고자 한다. 이 과정에서, 이 글은 공학과 수학의 전문 용어를 사용하는 대신 ‘글(또는 말)로 풀어 설명하기’의 방식을 채택할 것이며, 그렇게 함으로써 인문학의 방식으로도 문화예술과 정보기술의 상호작용에 관한 실질적인 담론이 가능한지를 실험한다. This article aims to ponder the lack of competitiveness and the impracticality of interdisciplinary research on art as well as on information technologies. The concept of floating point system and FLOPS is important, because all VFX CG/CGI workflow except its surface or “most superficial layer” is fundamentally writing mathematical formulas and manipulating mathematical data. Although the floating point system offers more precision and accuracy, it requires more computing power than the fixed point system. In the early 1990s, low-cost and high-performance general-purpose hardware such as Intel’s Pentium™ processor offered significantly more FP performance or “FLOPS” than before. Such a leap in performance led not only to the advent of a renewed technological environment, but also to the sophistication of VFX CG/CGI workflows, and ultimately, to the declination of a company such as SGI. This article is an experimental attempt that tries to re-examine the then situation not through another traditional point of view, but through a contemporary interdisciplinary one.
Survival and pattern of Recurrence in Bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer
( Nara Lee ),( Seik Kim ),( Jaehyun Cho ),( Maria Lee ),( Hee Seung Kim ),( Hyun Hoon Chung ),( Jae Weon Kim ),( Noh Hyun Park ),( Yong Sang Song ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and pattern of recurrence of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1) patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer treated at SNUH from 2014.4 to 2018.2 and 2) all patients for treatment with cisplatin plus paclitaxel and bevacizumab every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effect or complete response. Results: Of 57 patients, 36 (63%) patients had recurrent disease, 7(12.3%) patients had persistent and 14 (24.6%) had metastatic disease at treatment. The prior exposition to platinum was 29 (50.9%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events possibly related to bevacizumab included hypertension (n= 3, 5.3%), febrile neutropenia (n= 4, 7%), or fistula (n=1, 1.8%). During follow-up, there were 21 deaths(36.8%) and 24 recurrence (42.1%) (distant n=10, 41.7%, locoregional n=13, 54.2%, or peritoneal seeding n=5, 20.8%), nodal(n=10, 41.7%). The median PFS and OS were 6.64 and 18.20 months, respectively. Conclusion: This study can provide useful information about clinical efficacy and recurrence pattern of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy about patients with recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer.
Narae Kang,Yonsoo Kim,Hui Seung Noh,Hung Soo Kim 한국방재학회 2016 Journal of Disaster Management Vol.1 No.4
Rainfall has recently begun to show different properties in space and time. In particular, although localized heavy rainfall is frequent, rain gauges on the ground can only observe rainfall at one point. In other words, ground-based rain gauges have limitations in spatial and temporal resolution for measuring rainfall. As a result, there is a need to utilize radar rainfall measurements that can consider the spatial distribution of the change in rainfall based on the direction of the storm. In this study, we tried to apply radar rainfall for a runoff simulation of an urban drainage system. The study area was Guro-gu, Seoul City, Korea, and we divided the study area into sub-basins based on the rain gauge network of the AWS (Automatic Weather Station). Then, the radar rainfall data were adjusted using the rainfall data of the rain gauge stations, and the areal rainfall amounts were obtained. The runoffs were simulated using the XP-SWMM model in the sub-basins of an urban drainage system. As a result, the adjusted radar rainfalls underestimated the ground-based measurement data by 60 to 95%. Therefore, differences in runoffs simulated by the adjusted radar and the gauge rainfall amounts are found. The peak runoff time from the radar rainfall occurred earlier than that from the gauge rainfall. This result is due to the fact that the radar rainfall can reflect the spatial variability of the rainfall in time by taking into consideration the movement of a storm.
Acquired Hemophilia A with Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Narae Park,장진석,차재황 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.1
Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, followed by variceal bleeding, Mallory–Weisssyndrome, and malignancy. On the contrary, acquired hemophilia A is a very rare hemorrhagic disease, which usually manifests withmusculocutaneous bleeding, caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII. A 78-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with melena. Dieulafoy’s lesions were observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy,and endoscopic cauterization was performed. However, the patient complained of back pain and symptoms indicative ofupper gastrointestinal bleeding. Abdominopelvic computed tomography was performed, and hematoma in the psoas muscle was detected. Antibodies against coagulation factor VIII were confirmed with a blood test, and the diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A was made. Here, we report a case of acquired hemophilia A presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms and present a brief reviewof literature.