만성두통 환자의 성격유형 A 행태, 스트레스, 우울 및 두통영향정도의 관계 연구

차남현,임사비나,정인태,김수영,안경애,김건식,이재동,이상훈,최도영,이윤호,이두익 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

To examine an estimate factor and grasp the relation of difference for Ype A Behavior Pattern(TABP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Depression and HIT-6 in the Chronic headache client. Method: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires from 38 client in S city who were selected by criteria of IHS, from the 19^(th) of October to 10^(th) of December, 2004. Result: 1) Differences between biographical data by TABP was significant by SaSang constitutions, by Stress was significantly influenced by age, and by Depression were significantly influenced health status and SaSang constitutions. 2) Correlations Coefficients among Study Variables were Stress and Depression(r=.494, p=.002) and Depression and HIT-6(r=.432, p=.010). 3) In regression analysis, HIT-6 were significantly influenced by Depression and Type A Behavior Pattern(TABP). These variables explained 38% and 34% respectively. Conclusion: The result suggest that chronic headache management with psychological aspect, as well as physical aspect should be a focus to enhance the quality of life.

만성두통환자에 대한 동서협진의 임상적 연구

정인태,이상훈,김수영,차남현,김건식,이두익,이재동,임사비나,이윤호,최도영 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : Because the cause and etiology of chronic headache are not yet fully explained, the treatment of this symptom is not simple. In order to study the effectiveness East-West pain treatment on chronic headache, we evaluated its effect of pain alleviation and quality of life improvement on chronic headache patients who were treated with nerve block and acupuncture, and only acupuncture for eight weeks. Methods : 92 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as chronic headache patients. The qualified patients were classified into two groups, nerve block and acupuncture group(EW group, n=49) and acupuncture group(E group, n=43). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of two groups were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI(Brief Pain Inventory). Results : The VAS and BPI after four weeks of treatment showed significant improvement among two but differences between the three groups was statistically insignificant. The VAS and BPI of the EW group after eight weeks of treatment showed statistically significant improvement compared to the other two groups. Conclusion : The pain treatment for chronic headache might be contributed to improvement of quality of life as well as alleviation of pain of chronic headache patients. It was suggested that the West pain treatment in combination with East pain treatment might be an useful modality to improve the pain and quality of life in chronic headache patients.

만성두통환자에 대한 침치료가 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

정인태,이상훈,김수영,차남현,김건식,이두익,이재동,임사비나,이윤호,최도영 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture treatment for chronic headache patients using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 15 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of acupuncture treatment were analyzed using power spectrum analysis of the HRV, HRV was recorded before and after acupuncture treatment. Results : HRV before and after treatment was compared after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Increase in mean values of SDNN and RMSSD were observed but the increases were not statistically significants. Increase in mean values of TP, LF and HF were observed but, the increase was significant(p<0.05) only in TP. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment on chronic headache patients can increase the activity of autonomic nervous system. Further use of HRV for quantitative analysis of acupuncture treatment on autonomic nervous system related symptoms is suggested.

電子商去來에서의 消費者保護를 위한 法的 問題點에 대한 考察 : 電子認證과 電子署名을 중심으로

남경두,이수진 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2000 商經硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Electronic certification and electronic signature issues are a vital concern for developing electronic commerce, and a number of initiatives are underway in both the public and private sectors to ensure that businesses and consumers can engage in secure and reliable electronic communications and transactions in the global networked society. In recent years OECD Member countries have undertaken to develop and iMplement may create obstacles to the evolution of national and global information and communications networks and hinder the development of electronic commerce. Both governments and the private sector have recognized the need for international collaboration to develop and efficient and secure information infrastructure. This paper in this area has focused on electronic authentication and signature issues in order to protect consumers. The paper concludes that electronic authentication and signature consensus about specific policy and regulatory issues related to information and communications networks and technologies, including electronic authentication and electronic signature.

캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스의 저장중 중금속과 비타민 C 함량의 변화

이남경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스를 20,30,40,50℃에서 24주 동안 저장하면서 4주 간격으로 개봉하여 중금속(Sn,Fe,Pb) 함량, 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도와 pH의 변화를 조사하였다. 병쥬스에서는 Sn,Fe,Pb모두 저장 중 그 함량 변화가 거의 일어나지 않았으나 캔쥬스는 중금속 용출에 대한 온도의 영향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 즉,Sn농도는 16주후 저장 전의 2.7~13.1배로 증가하였고, Fe농도는 24주후 4.3~5.2배로 증가하였으며 Pb농도는 24주 후 1.1~2.9배로 증가하였다. 캔쥬스의 총 비타민C 잔존율은 24주 후 20℃에서는 큰 변화가 없었으나 30~50℃에서는 13~76%로 감소하였고, 병쥬스의 경우는 4~80%로 감소하였다. 캔쥬스의 갈색도는 24주 후 40℃ 이하에서는 조금 증가하였으나 50℃에서는 완전히 변색되었으며 병쥬스의 경우는 모든 온도에서 캔쥬스보다 좀 더 변색되었다. 오렌지 쥬스의 pH는 40℃ 이하에서 포장용기에 상관없이 저장 중 거의 변화가 없었으나 50℃에서는 24주후 캔용기의 팽창과 함께 pH의 급격한 증가를 나타냈다. 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔쥬스의 품질유지를 위한 유통기한을 재컴토해야 될 것이다. The effect of storage temperature and period on the contents of tin, iron, lead and vitamin C, browning index and pH was studied for canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Koreanmarket, which were storeed for 24 weeks at 20, 30, 40 and 50℃ and analyzued at 4 week intervals. The change of metla content in cottled juices was negligible but metal release in canned juices was remarkably affected by storage temperature. Tin content after 16 weeks increased by 2.7~13.1 times, iron content after 24weeks increased by 4.3~5.2 times and lead content after 24 weeks increased by 1.1~2.9 times. Retention of total ascorbic acid in canned juices after 24 weeks at 30~50℃ decreased to 13~76%, while that in bottled juices decreased to 4~80%. Browning index in canned juices after 24 weeks below 40℃ increased slightly with serious discoloration at 50℃ while that in bolttled juices increased a little rapud. pH chane in canned and bottled juices during storage below 40℃ was not observed regardless of container type but a great change of pH was accompanied with swelling of container ends in the case of canned juices after 24 weeks at 50℃.

프랜차이즈 계약방식에 따른 권리사용료의 합리적 관세평가와 국내 가맹점의 대응방안에 관한 연구

강수진,강예진,남보라,이항 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2019 Ewha Law Review Vol.9 No.-

국내 프랜차이즈 시장은 외국 브랜드들의 주도로 성장하고 있으며, 외국에 가맹본부를 둔 프랜차이즈 브랜드들도 꾸준히 국내에서 가맹점을 늘려가고 있다. 프랜차이즈 업종의 특수성상 가맹점에 대하여 교섭력에 있어서 우위를 점하는 가맹주가 관세부담을 회피하기 위하여 가맹점에게 가격을 이전하는 등 불공정한 처우가 문제된다. 특히 가맹주가 해외로부터 상품 재료를 구입하는 경우, 그 수입상품에 대하여 실제로 지급하였거나 지급하여야 할 가격에 로열티를 가산하여 관세를 과세하여야 하는가의 문제가 관세 영역에서 중대한 문제로 대두되어왔다. 이에 WTO 가입국인 우리나라는 WTO 산하기관인 WCO의 권고의견을 반영하여 수입물품과 로열티의 관련성 및 거래조건성을 판단하고, 그에 따라 상품관련성이 인정되는 로열티에 대하여 관세를 부과하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로열티의 지급이 프랜차이즈 계약에 따른 것인 경우 관련성과 거래조건 요건을 어떻게 적용하는지를 밝힌 WCO 권고의견 4.17을 분석하고 해외 법령 및 사례와 비교하여 불명확한 과세요건으로 인한 예측 불가능성의 문제, 관세부담의 불명확성으로 인한 조세부담의 불평등 문제, 포괄적 위임입법의 문제, 자의성의 문제, 그리고 WCO 권고의견 4.17과 국내법의 호환 문제를 지적한다. 나아가 이에 대한 해결 방안으로서 확장 해석의 금지, 본질적 부분과 비본질적 부분에 대한 차별화, ACVA의 활용을 해결방안으로 제안한다. The franchise market is growing worldwide, led by global franchise brands. In South Korea, many global franchise brands with franchise headquarters outside the country are steadily expanding its business. Along with the market expansion, franchisers' unfair treatment on franchisees became a significant issue. The unequal bargaining power between franchisers and franchisees makes it easy for franchisers to transfer prices to franchisees, which they use to avoid taxation and imposition of customs duties. This paper focuses on the question that has been a critical problem in the field of tariff: whether the duty should be levied by adding royalties to the price actually paid or payable for the imported goods when a franchisee purchased the inputs from abroad. As a member of the WTO, South Korea imposes customs in accordance with the Advisory Opinions issued by the WCO under the WTO, judging product relevance based on the relationship between imported goods and royalties and transaction conditions. In this paper, we analyze WCO Advisory Opinion 4.17, which describes how relevance and terms and conditions apply when the payment of royalties is based on a franchise agreement, and compare them with foreign laws and practices. This paper also identifies the problems regarding unfair tax burden due to ambiguity of tax requisition, the Non-blanket-delegation Doctrine, the issue of arbitrariness, and the compatibility between WCO Advisory Opinion 4.17 and domestic legislations. Lastly, we present the doctrine of strict interpretation, differentiation between essentials and non-essentials, and the implementation of ACVA as the possible solutions.

이기종간의 상호운용성을 지원하는 이동 에이전트 시스템

이명준,박양수,유양우,문남두,김진홍,안건태 울산대학교 2000 공학연구논문집 Vol.31 No.1

현재 대부분의 이동 에이전트 시스템들은 그들 자신의 구조를 가지며 서로 다른 방법으로 구현되어 있다. 이러한 에이전트 시스템들은 서로 다른 인터페이스를 제공하고 있어서 이기종의 에이전트 시스템에서 새성된 에이전트들은 상호 이동하여 작업을 수행할 수 없다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 이동 에이전트 시스템간의 상호운용성 지원이 중요한 과제로 다루어지고 있다. OMG(Object Management Group)는 이질적인 에이전트 시스템간의 상호운용성을 증진시킬 목적으로 MAF(Mobile Agent Facilities)명세를 제안하였다. MAF명세는 MADAgentsystem과 MAFFinder 두개의 인터페이스로 구성되어 있으며 에니전트 관리, 코드의 이동성, 명명 규칙에 관한 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에선는 OMG의 MAF 명세를 만족하는 SMART 이동 에이전트 시스템의 설계와 이의 구현에 대하여 설명한다 SMART 이동 에이전트 시스템의 구성은 에이전트를 실행시키는 환경을 제공하는 플레이스(place), 에이전트의 라이프사이클과 플레이스를 감시하는 모니터(monitor) 그리고 에니전트에게 시스템의 자원을 할당하는 자원관리자(resource manager)로 이루어져 있다. Most current mobile agent systems adopted their own architectures, being implemented in various ways. Since those agent systems provide different interfaces, agents created in one mobile agent system could not move to other agent systems to perform their tasks. To solve this problem, interoperability becomes one of the important issues on mobile agent systems. The OMG(Object Management Group) proposed the MAF(MAF(Mobile Agent Facilities) specification for the interoperability among heterogeneous mobile agent systems. the MAF specification contains MAF Agent System and MAFFinder interfaces, and defines agent management, code mobility and naming rules. In this paper, we describe the design and implementaion of the SMART mobile agent system which satisfies the OMG MAF specification. The SMART system consists of Places that provide execution environments for agents, Monitor that monitors life-cycle of agents and places, and Resource Manager that allocates resources of system for agent.

캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스의 저장온도에 따른 Q_10값 및 품질수명의 산정

이남경,윤재영,이서래 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

현재 국내에서 유통되고 있는 캔 및 병 오렌지쥬스를 20,30,40,50℃에서 24주 동안 저장하면서 4주 간격으로 개봉하여 중금속(Sn,Fe,Pb) 함량, 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도와 pH의 변화에 대한 측정치로부터 온도별 활성화 에너지와 Q_10값을 계산한 다음 shel-life를 예측하였다. 캔쥬스의 품질지표로 삼을 수 잇는 것은 Sn,Fe,Pb함량, 비타민 C 함량이었고, 병쥬스에서는 비타민 C 함량, 갈색도이었으며 이들 품질지표에 대한 Q_10값은 1.3~2.0이었다. 쥬스를 50℃에 저장시 품질 허용한계에 도달하는데 요하는 기간과 Q_10 대표값으로 부터 shel-life를 계산하면 캔쥬스의 경우 10,20,30℃에서 각각 10,6,3개월 이었고, 병쥬스의 경우 각각 24,12,6개월이었다. 국내에서의 쥬스 유통온도를 평균 15℃로 가정할 때 적정 품질수명은 캔쥬스 8개월, 병쥬스 18개월로 평가되엇다. 캔 오렌지쥬스의 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 식품공전Pb 허용기준(0.3㎎/㎏)의 재검토와 아울러 캔 재질의 개선을 위한 연구노력이 요구된다. Canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Korean market were stored for 24 wweeks at 20, 30, 50 and 50℃ and analyzed after opening at 4 week intervals. Activation energy, Q_10 values and shelf-life at respective temperatures were calculated from the data on various quality indexes. Proposed indexes were lead, tin, iron and vitamin C contents in canned juices and vitamin C content and browning index in bottled juices and Q_10 values for these parameters were in the range of 1.3~2.0. Shelf-life calculated for canned juices at 10, 20 and 30℃ were 10, 6 and 3 months and that in bottled juices, 24, 12 and 6 months, respectively. When the distriburion temperature of juices in Korea is assumed to be 15℃ average, the optimum shelf-life was estimated to be 8 months in canned juices and 18 months in bottled juices. In order to ascertain the safety of canned orange juices, efforts are needed to re-examine the recommended distribution period, legal limit for lead and improvement of container materials.

한국인에 의한 농약의 이론적 최대섭취량 및 안전지표의 산정

이서래,이미경,김남형 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

우리나라에서 식품중 농약잔류 허용기준의 적합성을 평가하고 Codex 기준의 수용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 허용기준치와 한국인의 식품계수 만을 적용한 농약성분의 이론적 최대섭취량을 계산한 다음 ADI 값과 비교하였다. 국내에서 혀용기준이 설정된 105개 농약성분의 ADI 대비율은 대부분이 80% 이하 수준을 유지하고 있으나 ADI를 초과하는 농약은 13개 성분이었다. 한편 Codex 기준에서 ADI를 초과하는 22개 성분에 대해서는 그 원인을 지적하였으며 안전마진 확보를 위한 대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. In order to evaluate the acceptability of Korea and Codex maximum residue limits(MRLs), theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) by Korean population was calcaulated from MRL and food factor and compared with acceptable daily intake(ADI). The percent ratio of TMDI to ADI for 105 pesticides whose MRL was established in Korea was mostly below 80% and 13 pesticides exceeded the ADI. Among 82 pesticides with Codex MRL, 20 items exceeded the ADI. The main causes of exceeding the ADI according to Korea or Codex MRLs were pointed out for 22 items and it was needed to set measures to assure a safety margin.

주간보호시설과 재가 치매노인 주간호자의 삶의 만족과 부담감

이수진,박호란,,김남초 노인간호학회 2005 노인간호학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: To investigate the level of life satisfaction and burden for primary caregivers of patients with dementia in day care centers and in their homes. Method: From August to September 2003, 56 caregivers of patients with dementia in day care centers and 54 caregivers in their homes were surveyed through three questionnaires: Life Satisfaction Index-Z and Korean Dementia Caregiver Burden. Result: Life satisfaction of caregivers in day care centers was significantly higher than that of caregivers in their homes(p<.005). Also, the sense of burden of caregivers in day care centers was significantly lower than that of caregivers in their homes(p<.005). Caregivers in day care centers showed significantly lower levels in four subdimensions of burden than those of caregivers in their homes. The level of life satisfaction of caregivers in day care centers and in their homes were also negatively correlated with the sense of burden(p<.005, p<.005). Conclusion: Using day care centers for patients with dementia will be a good way to take care of them because their primary caregivers can have more rest time and less burden. Therefore, using day care centers for patients with dementia should be recommended and the number of the facility should be increased nationwide.