반복된 확률화 응답모형에서의 독립성과 조건부 독립성 검정

이관제,국세정 한국보건통계학회 2000 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Krishnamoorphy and Raghavargo(1993) invented exact binomial and asymptotically normal test procedures for truthful answering in the repeated randomized response models under the assumption that two repeated response measures are independent. Under the same assumption, Lakshmi and Raghavargo(1992) suggested asymptotic chi-square test for respondents' truthful answering in the same models. Meanwhile, Lee(1999) suggested asymptotic test for detecting consistent answering in the repeated randomized models without the assumption of independence between two repeated response variables. In this article we numerically detect the factors and the conditions of them, with which two response variables might be independent. And we find a weaker condition under which the test procedures suggested by Krishnamoorphy and Raghavarao(1993) can be applicable. That is, under the assumption of conditional independence between two response variables rather than that of independence we have the exactly same joint probability distribution of two variables and the same test statistics therein. Hence we can apply the same logical statements on deriving the tests for truthful answering in the repeated randomized response models as in Krishnamoorphy and Raghavarao(1993). Both chi-square test and Cochran-Mantel-Haeszel test are used to test independence and conditional independence between two respondence variables, respectively.

급성 골수성 백혈병 환자에서 발생한 다발성 과립성 육종 1 예

권영미,이용구,정선관,유남진,김경년,오경아 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.6

Granulocytic sarcoma, or chloroma is a localized extramedullary tumor mass composed of immature cells of the granulocytic series. It was first described by Burns in 1811, subsequently termed $quot;Chloroma$quot; because of green color sometimes imparted by cellular myeloperoxidase, Dock was the first to note the association of granulocytic sarcoma with acute leukemia, it may by associated with such myeloproliferative disorder as hypereosinoplilia, polycythemia vera, or myeloid metaplasia. Granulocytic sarcoma is now regarded as an omnious habinger of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), or the onset of blast crisis in chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML). Granulocytic sarcoma can arise in various locations including the periosteum of the bones, lymph nodes, skin, epidural structures, female genitalia, gonads, breast, gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, and kidney. Although its overall incidence is low, the tumor can present in any organ. We report a case of a 18-year-old man who was diagnosed as having multifocal granulo cytic sarcoma in the soft tissue.

이창동 분단소설에 나타난 ‘아버지’의 의미

이내관(Lee, Nae?kwan) 한국비평문학회 2015 批評文學 Vol.- No.56

본 논문은 이창동의 분단소설 「소지」, 「끈」, 「친기」, 「용천뱅이」, 「운명에 관하여」 등을 중심으로 ‘아버지’의 의미를 탐색한 것이다. 본고에서는 리먼 케넌의 성격 지표를 표상하는 두 가지 기본 유형인 간접 제시와 직접 한정이론을 토대로 이창동 분단소설에 나타난 ‘아버지’의 의미를 고찰함과 동시에, 나아가 ‘아버지’가 분단 2세대에게 어떤 의미를 갖는지 밝혀냈다. 그 결과 이창동의 소설에서 ‘아버지’는 하나같이 부정적인 의미를 띠고 있다는 점과 대부분 좌익 활동의 경력을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 이유 때문에 이창동의 분단소설에 나타난 ‘아버지’는 2세대들의 인생에 도움을 주지 못하는 존재로 다음과 같이 형상화되어 있었다. 첫째,「소지」와「끈」에 나타난 ‘아버지’는 작중인물이자 서술자인 ‘나’에게 인생의 걸림돌이자 방해자의 의미로 등장한다. 둘째, 「친기」에서의 ‘아버지’는 과거부터 현재까지 자식들에게 무능력한 모습을 보이는 인물로 형상화되어 있으며, 끝으로 「용천뱅이」와 「운명에 관하여」에 나타난 ‘아버지’는 버림받은 존재의 의미를 지닌 인물로 표현되어 있었다. 이처럼 이창동의 분단소설에는 분단 1세대인 아버지 세대와 2세대들이 등장하는 것이 특징적이다. 본 논문을 통해 이창동 분단소설에서 아버지 세대와 자식 세대는 서로 다른 이데올로기의 인식 차이가 있음을 증명해 낼 수 있었다. 이는 좌익이었던 ‘아버지’로 인해 분단 2세대들이 사회로부터 불합리한 대우를 받게 되면서 더욱 심하게 표출됨을 확인할 수 있게 했다. This study is a review about the meaning of ‘Father’ in Lee Chang-dong’s division novel. This paper was used as the theoretical limit of two basic types of direct and indirect indicators suggest that represent the personality of S. Rimmon-Kenan. In addition, this paper has considered the meaning of ‘Father’. And the father said what it means to the second generation division. As a result, Lee Chang-dong’s division novel was confirmed that a career as one of the ‘father’ is tinged with negative connotations that most left-wing activities. So, the ‘father’ in the Lee Chang-dong’s division novel is shaped by the presence does not help the lives of two generations. First, the ‘father’ will emerge as an obstacle interferer and the meaning of life to his son in ?Soji?, ?String?. Second, the ‘father’ is shaped as an incompetent person looks from the past to now look to the children in ?Chin?gi?. Finally, the ‘father’ is portrayed as a person with a sense of the presence of abandoned in 「Yongcheonbaeng-i」, 「About Destiny」. Lee Chang-dong"s novel is characterized by the division to the division of the first generation and second generation have emerged father. And most of the appearance of the ‘Father’ was able to prove that it is shaped as a negative in these novels.

현대시조의 종장에 나타난 특성 연구

민병관(Min, Byeong-Kwan) 한국시조학회 2014 시조학논총 Vol.40 No.-

이 연구는 시조학계에서 지속적으로 논란이 되고 있는 정형성 문제와 정체성 문제를 해결하기 위한 기초 작업이다. 현대시조의 정형성을 규명하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 현대시조의 종장에 나타난 특성을 분석하였다. 현대시조 중 대표적인 작품을 모아 엮은 현대시조 100인 선집에 실린 101편의 시조(종장 330개)를 대상으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 현대시조 종장의 배열 형태는 고시조에 비해 다양한 양상을 보여주고 있다. 1연에서 5연, 1행부터 6행 등 다양한 방식으로 배열하고 있다. 또한 초장, 중장과 독립된 연으로 배열한 경우가 30% 가까이 된다. 이것은 초장과 중장에 비해 종장의 의미를 더 부각시키고자 한 의도의 산물이다. 둘째, 종장의 제1음보는 모두 3음절로 이루어졌으나, 2~4음보는 1음절부터 10음절까지 다양하게 이루어져 있다. 고시조에 비해 현대시조에서는 음절 과잉 현상이 많이 일어나고 있다. 이러한 현상은 현대사회의 다양화와 다변화, 현대인의 복잡한 정서 등을 작품에 반영한 결과이다. 셋째, 종장의 종결어는 서술형과 명사형이 65% 이상이고, 연결형도 15.5% 가량 된다. 고시조의 종결사는 의문형이나 감탄형이 대부분인데 반해, 현대시조는 5.7%에 불과하다. 이것은 고시조가 청자 지향적이고 관계성을 중시한 문학이라면, 현대시조는 화자 중심적이고 개인성을 강조한 결과일 것이다. 넷째, 종장에 쓰인 문장부호의 숫자는 0개~8개까지 다양한 양상을 보여주고 있다. 고시조에 비해 문장부호를 많이 사용한 것은 문장부호가 의미를 강화하는 효과가 있다는 인식에서 비롯된 것이다. 문장부호를 통해 표현하고자 하는 의미를 보충하고 시각적 효과, 여운의 효과 등을 드러내고자 한 의도의 산물이다. 다섯째, 종장의 의미구조를 분석한 결과, ‘00/00, 0/0/00, 0/0/0/0, 00/0/0’ 형태와 같이 구(句)에 대한 인식이 분명한 것이 95% 가량이었다. 반면에 ‘0/00/0, 000/0, 0/000’ 형태와 같이 구에 대한 인식이 불분명한 것이 5% 가량이었다. 이것은 대다수 현대 시조시인들이 시조의 각 장이 2구로 구성된다는 정형성에 대한 인식을 창작에 반영한 결과이다. 다만 일부 종장에서는 시조의 정형성에서 벗어나 실험정신에 입각한 새로운 시도를 하고 있다. 이상과 같이 현대시조의 종장을 여러 측면에서 분석한 결과 그 특징은 크게 두 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 현대시조의 종장은 고시조의 정형성을 인식하고 그것을 유지하려는 노력의 결과물이다. 둘째, 현대시조의 종장은 고시조와 변별되는 형식상의 새롭고 다양한 시도를 보여주고 있다. 결론적으로 현대시조의 종장은 고시조의 정형성을 잃지 않으면서도, 동시에 창조적으로 계승하고자 하는 노력의 산물이다. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics that the last line of the modern sijo has as a basic step to determine the very identity of that sijo. For this purpose, this researcher selected and analyzed representative 101 pieces of the modern sijo. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the modern sijo has more diverse arrangements of the last line than the ancient sijo has. For example, that line is arranged in 1 to 5 stanzas, 1 to 6 rows or in many other ways. By the way, nearly 30% of the analyzed verses have the last line separately arranged from the first and the second lines. What is implied here is poets’ intent to make the last line more meaningful than the two others. Second, the first foot of the last line usually consists of 3 syllables, but the 2nd to 4th foot, 1 to 10 syllables. In other words, the overuse of syllables are found in the modern sijo in comparison to the ancient sijo. This may be because the modern Korean verse reflects various, diverse aspects of the modern society and emotional complexities of modern people. Third, 65% of the surveyed pieces have the ending words of the last line that are predicative or noun and 15.5%, connective. Among the pieces of the ancient sijo, more than 50% are interrogative or exclamatory in the ending words of the last line. These types are found in only 5% of the modern sijo. This may be attributed to the fact that the ancient sijo is listener-centered and relation-oriented, while the modern sijo, speaker-centered and personality-oriented. Fourth, the modern sijo has many punctuation marks, or 0 to 8 in the last line. The reason why those marks are more found in the modern sijo than in the ancient one is because there’s a recognition that punctuation marks have the effect of strengthening meanings. In other words, underlying the frequent use of punctuation marks is an intent by writers of the modern sijo to supplement meanings they wished delivering and present some visual and suggestive effects. Fifth, among the pieces of the modern sijo surveyed here, 95% are ‘00/00’ in semantic structure and 5%,‘0/000’. This suggests a notion that sijo is a fixed form of verse each of whose lines consists of 2 phrases was reflected in the creation of those pieces. On the other hand, however, it may be seen a new attempt that is experimental. When all these findings are considered, it is possible to reach a conclusion that the last line of the modern sijo largely have the following two charac teristics. First, the last line of the modern sijo is an outcome of efforts to recognize and maintain the formal fixity of the ancient sijo. Second, that last line shows new attempts in style to be discriminated from the ancient sijo. Thus, the last line of the modern sijo is the outcome of struggles to keep formal characteristics of the ancient sijo on one hand and creatively succeed them on the other hand.

교양회계 교과과정 개선에 관한 연구

임영관(Lim, Young-Kwan) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.1

[연구목적] 본 연구는 현행 교양회계 교과과정을 교양교육적 측면에서 재검토하고 심층적으로 분석하여 문제점을 발견하고 이를 개선할 수 있는 구체적인 교과과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 목적은 교양회계의 교양교육적 의미를 재검토하고 향후 4차 산업혁명의 흐름에 대학이 능동적으로 대응하기 위한 교양교육을 재정립하는 데 있다. [연구방법] 현행 교양회계 교육과정이 지니는 문제점을 분석하기 위하여 교양회계 교재를 무작위로 선정하고 교재의 구성과 세부 내용을 실용적 측면과 자유교양적 측면에서 검토하였다. 그리고 발견된 문제점을 개선하는 설계원리를 제시하였고, 이에 기초한 개선된 교양회계 교과과정을 설계하는 방향으로 연구를 수행하였다. [연구결과] 연구결과 개선된 교양회계 교과과정은 기존의 회계원리 교재 목차에서 탈피하여 회계핵심원리를 기초로 구성하였다. 그리고 핵심원리에 인성원리를 결합한 교과과정을 설계하였다. [연구의 시사점] 현행 교양회계 교과과정을 구체적으로 분석하여 문제점과 구체적인 개선방안을 시도하였다는데 연구의 시사점이 있다. 특히 기존의 교양회계의 교과 구성에서 과감하게 벗어나 회계핵심원리 중심으로 새롭게 설계한 점은 중요한 의의를 가지는 것으로 판단된다. [Purpose] This study has reviewed the current liberal arts accounting curriculum in terms of liberal arts education and suggested a specific curriculum that can improve the problems found. The main purpose of this study is to rediscover the meaning of liberal arts education in liberal arts accounting and to build a curriculum for the university to actively respond to the 4th industrial revolution. [Methodology] In order to analyze the problems of current liberal arts accounting curriculum, liberal arts accounting materials were randomly selected and the composition and details of the textbooks were examined in terms of useful arts and liberal arts. In addition, we reviewed the design principles that can improve the problems found and presented a new liberal arts accounting curriculum. [Findings] As a result, the curriculum of the liberal arts accounting improved from the contents of the existing accounting principles textbooks and composed based on the key accounting principles. The curriculum combines the principles of personality with the key principles. [Implications] This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the current liberal arts curriculum in detail and finds problems and tries to improve them. In particular, the redesign of the liberal arts accounting process centered on the core principles of accounting seems to have a important significance.

白江口 戰鬪와 周留城

金榮官(Kim, Young?kwan) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2007 군사 Vol.- No.65

From a Metaphysical Point of View

Choe, Myung Kwan최명관 崇實大學校 大學院 1983 崇實大學校 大學院 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

약패드 뜸 방식을 이용한 체간온도변화에 대한 연구

尹童業(Dong-Eop Yoon),趙峯寬(Bong-Kwan Jo) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지 D Vol.55 No.8

We implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method in order to improve the conventional moxibustion therapy. This method is aimed to eliminate burning wounds and smoke, which are the defects of conventional moxibustion therapy. And we performed to verify the efficiency by comparing the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Therapy. We measured the body heat and the lasting time of blood circulation improvement using thermography. The moxibustion therapy has two kinds of effects: The formers are pharmacological effects of the Moxa's vasodilators and antioxidants. The latters are thermal effects which cause improvement of the blood circulation. To remove the demerits without omission of above therapeutic effects, we extracted the vasodilators and antioxidant compounds from the Moxa-CH₂Cl₂ fraction Moxa-EtOAc and composed the moxibustion kit with (Ba<SUB>0.8</SUB> Sr<SUB>0.2</SUB>)<SUB>0.996</SUB> Y<SUB>0.004</SUB> TiO₂ + 0.5<SUB>WT</SUB> SiO₂% Positive Temperature Coefficients Thermistor. The experimental demonstrations have been made by the stimulating the spot which is CV4(Kwan-Won), CV8(Shin-Guel), CV12(Jung-Wan) acupuncture points of the conception vessel meridian(CV). And stimulating time was one hour. We divided the subjects into 5 groups such as no stimulation group, conventional Indirect Moxibustion group, only Drug-Pad stimulation group, only heat stimulation group, and Drug-Pad Moxibustion group. In the different cases, we have measured the body heat in pre-stimulation, just after stimulation, 2 hours after, and 4 hours after. The body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method were increased by over the 2 ℃. And the body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Indirect Moxibustion Method were increased by average the 1 ℃. We have evaluated that the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method is improvement on the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method by the heat-increasing rate is 200% and the lasting time is 150% with the body heat of the abdominal region. In the conclusions, We have implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method and evaluated the efficiency of the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method comparing with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method.

Motivational Models of Good Korean Linguists

Kwan Sik Minn(Kwan Sik Minn) 국제한국어교육학회 1990 한국어 교육 Vol.2 No.-

Two Stories in Confluence

Jin Kwan Kwon(Jin Kwan Kwon) 한국민중신학회 2022 Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology Vol.- No.37

It is story that makes minjung theology unique. The author begins the discussion by claiming that stories affect the subjectivity of an individual or people. People usually hear stories from others, and time to time tell their own stories. Hearing and telling stories contribute to creating our consciousness and unconsciousness. Then stories need to be reviewed and interpreted critically. The author selects two stories, one from Korean tradition, and the other from the Hebrew Bible: the story of Shim-chong and the story of the daughter of Jephthah. The confluence of two stories is one of the major methods of minjung theology by the late minjung theologian Suh Nam-dong. The author here promotes the encounter or confluence of the two stories and tries to discover the converging point at which the two stories interrelate, intersect and affect mutually. In this paper, the author suggests that the converging point of the two stories is justice and that justice can be seen as a metaphor for resurrection. In the story of Shim-chong, resurrection takes place. In the story of the daughter of Jephthah, the commemoration of the victim has the vestige of resurrection, because in the act of commemoration the victim is made alive. The author here argues that metaphor as a figure of speech can express aspects of new reality alternative to the present dominant reality.