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Clinical axillary nodal staging in breast cancer using preoperative ultrasonography
Joseph Ahn,Byung Joo Chae,Byung Joo Song,Sang Seol Jung 대한종양외과학회 2013 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.9 No.1
Purpose: Among preoperative imaging modalities for axillary nodal staging in patients with breast cancer, Ultrasonography has been shown in many studies to have superior diagnostic accuracy. However, most of them are focused in ultrasonographic criteria toward abnormal nodes. We attempted to compare the differences in ultrasonographic findings according to the nodal stages. Methods: We divided consecutive 140 invasive breast cancer patients with axillary node metastases operated without neo-adjuvant therapy at our institution between January 2004 and June 2008 into pN1 (n=83, 59.3%) and pN2-3 stages (n=57, 40.7%), classified ultrasonographic findings into 8 categories, and statistically analyzed differences between the two groups. Results: Complete loss of central echogenicity/fatty hilum and abnormally rounded/irregular shape were statistically significantly higher in pN2-3 stage (P=0.017 and P=0.026, respectively). Odds ratios were 2.443 and 2.485, respectively. The number of mean metastatic nodes was more statistically significant in patients with abnormally rounded/irregular shape (P=0.021). Conclusion: Patients whose ultrasonographic surveys show complete loss of central echogenicity/fatty hilum or abnormally rounded/irregular shape will most likely have a higher metastatic tumor burden in their axillae (≥4 positive nodes). Classifications in ultrasonographic findings of axillary node may be of help toward more exact pretreatment clinical axillary nodal staging, especially in neo-adjuvant setting.
Ahn, Min-Kyoon,Lee, Bongho,Jang, Joseph,Min, Cheong-Min,Lee, Su-Bin,Pak, Chanho,Lee, Jae-Suk Elsevier 2018 Journal of membrane science Vol.560 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel series of blended polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) from crosslinked sulfonated poly(arylene ether) (cSPAE100) and triazole-containing poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES-DTM) were prepared for fuel cell applications. cSPAE100 with a high degree of sulfonation was synthesized via aromatic condensation. PAES-DTM densely functionalized with di-triazole moieties was blended with cSPAE100. The blend ratios of the fabricated PEMs varied from 2 wt% to 10 wt%, and the blend PEMs (cSPAE-DTMs) displayed sufficiently high ion exchange capacities (IEC = 2.07–1.86 mequiv/g). Introducing the triazole moieties, the proton conductivities of cSPAE-DTM2 and cSPAE-DTM5 increased at high relative humidity (95% RH), whereas their IEC values decreased. Furthermore, evaluation of the cell performance at 80 °C revealed that the performance of the cSPAE-DTMs was superior to that of the pristine membrane under 50% RH. For practical application in fuel cells, the thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of all membranes were investigated.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preparation of proton exchange membranes by acid-base polymer blend. </LI> <LI> Polymer with dense triazoles in the side chains for a high triazole content. </LI> <LI> Improved proton conductivities of blend membranes with reduced ion exchange capacity. </LI> <LI> Increased fuel cell performances of blend membranes under reduced humidity condition. </LI> <LI> Maintaining thermal and mechanical stabilities of blend membranes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ahn, Yuchan,Siddhamshetty, Prashanth,Cao, Kaiyu,Han, Jeehoon,Kwon, Joseph Sang-Il Elsevier 2019 Chemical engineering research & design Vol.147 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Several approaches have been developed to design shale gas supply chain network (SGSCN) in an economically viable manner, but the connection between hydraulic fracture geometry, shale gas production, and wastewater recovery has not received much attention. Specifically, the final fracture geometry in unconventional reservoirs significantly affects shale gas production rate and it indirectly determines the amount of recovered wastewater. To take into account the relations among hydraulic fracturing jobs, wastewater generation and management, and shale gas production and management, we focus on the development of a novel framework that integrates a model predictive control (MPC)-based pumping schedule of hydraulic fracturing and a SGSCN model. Based on this developed framework, the optimal SGSCN configuration, which maximizes the overall profit, is determined by solving a mixed-integer linear programming problem. The proposed SGSCN design framework is compared to the case when the same SGSCN model is integrated with a suboptimal pumping schedule like Nolte’s pumping schedule. The overall profit of the former is 4.49% higher than that of the latter.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Introducing of the fracture geometry that affects the well performance. </LI> <LI> Designing of the framework that integrates a MPC-based pumping schedule and a SGSCN. </LI> <LI> Case studies to examine the fracture geometry effect based on Marcellus shale play. </LI> <LI> Determining of the optimal SGSCN configurations by MILP. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ahn, Eun Hyun,Schroeder, Joseph J Potamitis Press 2010 Anticancer research Vol.30 No.7
<P>Complex dietary sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids have been reported to inhibit the development of colon cancer. This protective role may be the result of the conversion of complex sphingolipids to bioactive metabolites including sphingoid bases (sphingosine and sphinganine) and ceramide, which inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis. In the current study, we evaluated the significance of the 4,5-trans double bond by comparing the effects of sphingosine and the cell permeable short-chain ceramide analog C(2)-ceramide to those of sphinganine and C(2)-dihydroceramide, which lack this structural feature. The effects of the sphingoid bases, C(2)-ceramide, and C(2)-dihydroceramide on apoptosis were determined by detecting 200-bp DNA ladders or hypo-diploid areas (sub-G(0)/G(1)), indicative of apoptosis, in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. In addition, the effects of the sphingoid bases at an apoptotic concentration for 12 hours on cell cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry. The results indicated that the sphingoid bases and C(2)-ceramide induced apoptosis, whereas C(2)-dihydroceramide had no effects. Sphingoid bases arrested the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase. The present study provides evidence that the 4,5-trans double bond is necessary for the apoptotic effect of C(2)-ceramide, but not for that of sphingoid bases.</P>