지구자에 對한 文獻考察 및 最近 硏究 動向

신동훈,조명래 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Objectives : So many kinds of disease are increasing tendency due to excessive alcohol ingestion, I reported some clues that the studies of origin, another name, property, related channels, effect, indication, contraindication for clinical use through oral administration and development of herb medicine acupuncture of Zhi Ju Zi, expecting the usage of relieving alcoholism that is like Pueraria root, Pueraria flower. Methods : 1. I investigated the 12 books of herbal medicine that Zhi Ju Zi was written in order of times. 2. I was looking for origin, another name, property, related channels, effect, indication, contraindication of Zhi Ju Zi which mentioned above 12 books of herbal medicine Conclusions : I reached conclusions as follows investigating of 12 herbal medicine books that origin, another name, property, related channels, effect, indication, contraindication of Zhi Ju Zi was written. 1. Zhi Ju Zi is fruit or seed attached peducle of pulpy substance of Hovenia dulcis THUNB. 2. Another names are Mi Qu Lu, Mu Mi, Mu Tang, Ji Ju Zi, Ji Zhao Zi. 3. Properties are sweet, even non-toxic and related to the channels of the heart, the spleen, the small intestine. 4. Pathogenic wind on head, lower abdomen rigidity, febrile disease, thirst, hiccup, vomiting, difficulty in urination, alcohol intoxication, fruit vegetable intoxication, paralysis, muscle numbness and unconsciousness are treated by the effect of relieving restlessness and thirst, clearing away upper heat, induce urination and defecation, relieving nausea, relieving roundworms intoxication 5. The person who has spleen-stomach biological energy deficiency with cold type is contraindicated, and over usage get roundworms.

수종 치근단 역충전재가 치근단 조직 함유에 미치는 영향

신동훈,조용범,홍찬의 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the response of periradicular tissues to amalgam, IRM, Ketac-silver and MTA(Mineral trioxide aggregate) used as a root end fillings. The lower third and fourth premolars of 5 mongrel dogs were used. Each root was resected, followed by root end fillings with experimental materials.The animals were sacrificed after 16 weeks and radiographic and histologic results were evaluated.The results were as follows : 1. Severe inflammation around apex and disruption of cortical were noted in relation to the amalgam. 2. With IRM, there was severe infiltration of inflammatory cells around filling material, but healing of cortical bone was noted. 3. With Ketac-silver, mild inflammation and thick band of fibrous connetive tissue around filling material were seen, with a cortical bone healing. 4. In case of MTA, complete regeneration of cortical bone was seen, and free MTA was surrounded with newly formed bone tissue.

行動目標의 理論的 背景과 效果的인 適用方案

申東魯,趙在國 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1990 學生生活硏究 Vol.18 No.-

This paper is aimed at reviewing the theoretical background of behavioral objective and listing the limitations of them on the basis of both my won teaching experience and reviewing literature in order to propose alternatives. To this purpose, some scholars' efforts and achievement will be reviewed, and then I will scrutinize the limitations of behavioral objectives for their field application. The application of behavioral objectives in the description of educational objectives was generalized and played a great role in designing instructional programs among teachers from the middle of 1960's to the early of 1970's. But it seems that some educators have begun to review the applied result of behavioral objectives and tried for the better development of behavioral objectives. Some educators tried to specify educational objectives in the early 1900's. It was Franklin Bobbitt who emphasized the importance of educational objectives for the first time in terms with behavioral objectives. Ralph Tyler contributed significantly to the development of educational objectives in 1950's. Benjamin Bloom and his colleagues argued operationalized theoretical assertions by classification of educational objectives in the cognitive domain, affective domain, and the psychomotor domain. Mager described the situation of behavior, the ordering procedural of acceptance, and now to describe objectives. Gagne´ contributed critically to the specification of behavioral objectives by proposing hierachical analysis through the analysis of learning task. But in 1980's there have been some arguments among cognitive theoreticians and humanists that behavioral objectives can not be applicable to all areas of instruction. They have argued that behavioral objectives have some limitations achieving integrative instructional aims and result in the poor situation of learning, and that they are inappropriate for affective area. Some educators have studied about the whole structure of knowledge, the indevidualization of students' learning abilities, the presentation of expressive objectives, general procedural objectives in affective domain. The process-oriented objectives is focused on learning process in order to make up for limitations of behavioral objectives. Educators should admit that behavioral objectives have played a great role in improving the quality of education and that they also have both advantages and limitations. Therefore, we educators should have our won judgement with regard to both advantages and limitations of behavioral objectives in curriculum construction so as to apply them appropriately. And also we had better pay attention to the learning process in curriculum construction by studing various methodologies.

낮병원 치료 : 2년간 추적연구

조맹제,이부영,신동수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.1

저자들은 1989년 1월 1일부터 1990년 12월 31일까지 서울대학교병원 낮병원에서 퇴원한 만성정신분열병 환자 30명을 같은 기간 보호병동에서 퇴원한 정신분열병 환자 30명과 성별, 연령, 주치의의 예후에 대한 평가등을 1:1로 짝지워 총30쌍, 60명을 대상으로 낮병원 입원이 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향을 기준 퇴원후 2년간을 후향적 추적방법으로 비교 연구하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 추적기간동안 양군의 사회인구학적인 변인은 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사회인구학적 변인 중 기준 퇴원시 학력과 이전 입원횟수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2) 재입원율, 재입원횟수, 재입원환자수, 누적재입원횟수, 누적재입원환자수 등의 일반 예후변인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 단지 낮병원군에서 기준 퇴원후 1년간의 재입원율이 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸는데, 2년후 전체 재입원율에 있어서는 양군이 유사하였다. 3) 사회적응도에 있어 양군에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 단지 낮병원군에서 재입원한 환자들 (n=6)의 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 사회적응정도가 향상하는 양상을 보였다. 또한 기존의 연구들에서 퇴원후 주로 6개월 내지 1년 이내에 입원에 의한 사회적응효과가 나타난다고 했으나 본 연구에서는 오히려 추적 기간의 후반부에 사회적응도가 향상하는 경향을 보여 저자들은 이점에 대해 낮병원에서의 사회적응훈련이 '후기 효과'를 보일 가능성에 대해서 토론하였다. 본 연구의 결과만으로 낮병원 치료가 정신분열병환자의 예후에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 확실한 결론은 얻을 수 없었다. 그러나 유병기간이 더 길고 사회적응이 어렵다고 판단된 낮병원 환자들과 보호병동군을 비교한 결과 기준퇴원후 2년간 각 예후변인들이 유의한 차이가 없었던 것은 낮병원 치료가 만성 정신분열병 환자의 사회재적응에 장기적으로 도움이 되었기 때문이라고 추론할 후 있다. 향후 본 연구에서는 고려되지 못한 정신분열병의 예후에 관련이 있는 좀더 많은 변수들을 충분히 고려한 전향적 연구가 필요하다. A two year retrospective follow up analysis of outcome was done comparing 30 chronic schizophrenic patients discharged from standard in-patient hospital to day hospital treatment with 30 matched patients discharged directly to the community. The authors developed an 80 item interview questionnaire for sociodemographic characteristics, social functioning, family functioning, psychopathology and rehospitalization. Index numbers of rehospitalization within two years were six in day hospital group, and eight in the comparative group respectively. When the duration was divided into three month intervals, cumulative percentage of number of patients rehospitalized was lower in the day hospital group. Readmission rate calculated by rehospitalization days divided by total follow-up days was, however, higher significantly in the day hospital group within one year. It seemed that this result within one year was due to the bias of selection of day hospital patient. That is, the poorer prediction of community adjustment by the psychiatrist was related with the day hospital treatment. Social functioning score checked on the rehospitalized patients showed little difference between the two groups.

Tetracyclic Isoquinoline유도체의 합성

조수동,정윤성,김정주,안철진,신동수 Institute of Genetic Engineering Changwon National 1998 Gene and Protein Vol.2 No.1

To develop new pharmacological charactization of isoquinoline derivatives, we have synthesized 3-benzyl-9,10-dimethoxy-6,7,11b,12-tetrahydropyridazino [4',5': 5,6] [1,4] -oxazino [3,4-а]isoqinolin-4(3H) -one. We have developed a convenient cyclization of novel isoquinoline derivatives starting from 3,4-dimethoxy phenethylamine using boron trifluoride diethyl etherate.

상아질 지각과민 처치제의 임상적 효과에 대한 연구

신동훈,조경모 大韓齒科保存學會 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.2

A Case of Hobnail Hemangioma

(Shin Taek Oh),(In Gang Jang),(Sung Wook Kim),(Baik Kee Cho),(Seung Dong Lee) 대한피부과학회 2002 Annals of Dermatology Vol.14 No.1

N/A Hobnail hemangioma(HH)is a benign acquired vascular tumor of endothelial origin which should be differentiated from other malignant vascular neoplasm such as Kaposi`s sarcoma or angiosarcoma.We report a case of hobnail hemangioma in a 21-year-old woman who had a dusky-red patch on her left shin.Histologically,ectatic vascular channels with a single layer of plumped endothelial cells were seen and the vascular channels seemed to dissect the collagen bundles.She underwent treatment with surgical excision with primary closure. (Ann Dermatol 14(1)45-47, 2002).

웹기반 교육에서 학습자별 학습현황 분석에 관한 연구

신지연,정옥란,조동섭 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.2

웹기반 교육에서 학습과정을 평가한다는 것은 개별 학습자들의 학습 활동을 평가하는 것을 의미하기 대문에 학습자의 특정 수업내용에 대한 학습 시간, 학습 패턴, 학습 참여도(의견 교환, 질문), 학습 환경 등의 정보가 요구된다. 본 연구의 목적은 웹 기반 교육에서 쟁점이 되고 있는 학습과정 평가문제를 해결하기 위해 최적의 웹 로그 마이닝을 이용하여 학습자 개인별 학습현황에 관한 정보를 얻어 이를 수행 평가에 반영하고자 함이다. 연구 내용 및 결과로는 먼저, 학습현황 분석을 위한 항목을 선정하고 웹 로그 마이닝을 위한 로그 데이터 전처리 과정을 실행하였다. 다음으로는, 위의 웹 로그 데이터를 기초로 학습자별 데이터베이스를 구축하고 질의어를 사용하여 학습현황을 분석 하였다. In Web Based Instruction, as evaluation of learning process means individual student's learning activity, it demands data on learning time, pattern, participation, environment in a specific learning contents. The purpose of this paper is to reflect analysis results of individual student's learning status in achievement evaluation using the most suitable web log mining to settle evaluation problem of learning process, an issue in web based instruction. The contents and results of this study are as following. First, conformity item for learning status analysis is determined and web log data preprocessing is executed. Second, on the basis of web log data, I construct student's database and analyze learning status using data mining techniques.

시화호에서 해수유입 전·후의 수환경 요인과 식물플랑크톤 동태

신재기,김동섭,조경제 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The dynamics of water quality and phytoplankton population had examined by monthly sampling from the upper to the lower part of watergate in an artificial Shihwa Reservoir in which situated near newly cities and industrial complex on the west coast of Korea from January 1997 to December 1998. Among environmental factors, yearly average concentration of chl-a, TN and TP seemed to eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions that ranged 146.4∼245.8㎍/ℓ , 1.6∼2.7㎎ N/ℓ, 258∼448㎍ P/ℓ , 26.9∼80.7 ㎍/ℓ, 1.0∼2.4 ㎎ N/ℓ and 74∼239㎍ P/ℓ respectively. Water quality was extremely deteriorated to consistently accumulation into inner reservoir by load of pollutants from autochthonous and allochthonous until early July 1997 after embankment. Water pollution of Shihwa Reservoir was remarkble on the biological condition with largely persistent bloom of phytoplankton and increase rate of standing crops was 2.4/yr. The development trend of phytoplankton in water ecosystem were closely related to increse and decrease of physico-chemical factors and those scale seemed to control by nutrient contents. Inflow of seawater into reservoir to object of repair of water quality began on July 1997. This action was caused to variable of algal flora as well as improvement of water quality. As to see dominant species, composition of those composed to mostly freshwater algae before inflow of seawater such as Selenastrum capricornutum of green algae, Cyclotella atomus, C meneghiniana of diatom and Microcystis spp. of blue-green algae and the other hand brackish algae were dominated after inflow of seawater such as Chaetoceros dicipiens, Skeletonema costatum of diatom, Dinophysis acuminata, Gymnodinium mikimotoi, G. sanguineum, Gyrodinium spirale, Prorocentrum minimum of dinoflagellate and Eutreptiella gymnastics of euglenoid. Moreover, small flagellates including Chroomonas spp. of cryptomonad were abundant throughout the year. The cause of water deterioration during fill of the freshwater were complexly supported with extra and intra parameters. The variation pattern of phytoplankton were related to water temperature and salinity by inflow of seawater based to plentiful nutrients. The dynamics of phytoplankton were assessed to ecosystem that clearly condition of dominant by unique or a few algal species seasonally.

프레탈 정(실로스타졸 100 mg)에 대한 엘지실로스타졸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,임동구,신상철,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Cilostazol has both antithrombotic and cerebral vasodilating effects, and one of the mechanism is the selective inhibition of platalet cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^TM (Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.) and the LG Cilostazol^TM (LG Chemical Co.), was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Sixteen normal male volunteers (20∼29 years old) were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of Pletaal^TM or LG Cilostazol^TM tablet (100㎎ cilostazol), blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the serum cilostazol concentrations were determined using an HPLC method with UV/VIS detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_t, C_max and T_max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Pletaal^TM tablet were -5.39%, 2.32% and 4.26%, respectively. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t, C-max, and T_max were 83.81%, 96.02% and 91.04%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) and 90% confidence intervals were all less than ±20%. All these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that LG Cilostazol^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^TM tablet.