Implication of intracellular ROS formation, caspase-3 activation and Egr-1 induction in platycodon D-induced apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells

Shin, D.Y.,Kim, G.Y.,Li, W.,Choi, B.T.,Kim, N.D.,Kang, H.S.,Choi, Y.H. Masson Pub. USA, Inc 2009 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.63 No.2

Platycodon D is a major constituent of triterpene saponins found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, Platycodi Radix, which is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases. The results of previous studies have shown that this compound has in vitro growth-inhibitory activity in human cancer cells, however, the mechanism by which this action occurs is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of platycodon D on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and evaluated the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death using a human leukemic U937 cell line. The results of this study demonstrate that platycodon D mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ<SUB>m</SUB>), activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic characteristics induced by platycodon D treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role that caspase-3 plays in the observed cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene was transcriptionally activated and the levels of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) protein were elevated in platycodon D-treated U937 cells. However, the quenching of ROS generation in response to treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, reversed the platycodon D-induced apoptosis effects via inhibition of Egr-1 activation, ROS production, MMP collapse, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. Although further studies are needed to demonstrate that increased expression of Egr-1 by platycodon D leads directly to NAG-1 induction and subsequent apoptosis, our observations clearly indicate that ROS induced through Egr-1 activation are involved in the early molecular events involved in the platycodon D-induced apoptotic pathway.

유형별 완전혼합사료 급여가 반추위내의 발효성상 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

이덕윤,고종렬,최낙진,이상석,송재용,이세영,박성호,성하균,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was conducted to examine effects of feeding dry TMR(DTMR), wet TMR(WTMR) and fermented TMR(FTMR) on rumen fermentation, enzyme activity and digestibility in the total tract of sheep. Three rumen cannulated sheep were used in a 3 × 3 latin square design. The present results showed that ?, NH_(3)-N, total and individual VFA, A/P ratio and enzymes (CMCase, Xylanase and Protease) activity in the rumen were higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. In addition, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, NDF and ADF digestibility in the total tract were also higher in WTMR and FTMR compared with DTMR. Therefore, the present results showed that WTMR and FTMr are better than DTMR for rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility.

Empirical Selection of Informative Microsatellite Markers within Co-ancestry Pig Populations Is Required for Improving the Individual Assignment Efficiency

Lia, Y.H.,Chu, H.P.,Jiang, Y.N.,Lin, C.Y.,Li, S.H.,Li, K.T.,Weng, G.J.,Cheng, C.C.,Lu, D.J.,Ju, Y.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index ($F_{ST}$) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu's inbred populations. Inbreeding values ($F_{IS}$) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) or $F_{ST}$, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking $H_E$, $F_{ST}$ or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and allelic number of close lineage populations.

A new constructive neural network method for noise processing and its application on stock market prediction

Xi, L.,Muzhou, H.,Lee, M.H.,Li, J.,Wei, D.,Hai, H.,Wu, Y. Elsevier Science, B.V 2014 Applied soft computing Vol.15 No.-

In this paper, in order to optimize neural network architecture and generalization, after analyzing the reasons of overfitting and poor generalization of the neural networks, we presented a class of constructive decay RBF neural networks to repair the singular value of a continuous function with finite number of jumping discontinuity points. We proved that a function with m jumping discontinuity points can be approximated by a simplest neural network and a decay RBF neural network in L<SUP>2</SUP>(@?) by each @? error, and a function with m jumping discontinuity point y=f(x),x@?E@?@?<SUP>d</SUP> can be constructively approximated by a decay RBF neural network in L<SUP>2</SUP>(@?<SUP>d</SUP>) by each ε>0 error. Then the whole networks will have less hidden neurons and well generalization in the same of the first part. A real world problem about stock closing price with jumping discontinuity have been presented and verified the correctness of the theory.

중년 사무직 남성의 직무스트레스와 허리둘레, 체질량지수의 관계에 관한 연구

강수임,고보경,김지영,노정연,리청,송주은,이현영,이혜민,최유경,정덕유,이민경 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between job stress, body mass index and waist circumference among middle aged male workers. Methods: Using a descriptive correlation study design, a total of 122 middle aged male workers were recruited through convenience sampling from November 8 to December 13, 2015. The questionnaire included in this study were general characteristics and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS windows version 22 program with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: A significant relationship was found between job stress, body mass index (p=.043) and waist circumference (p=.007). Conclusion: These results suggest that high job stress are significantly associated with both body mass index and waist circumference of middle aged male workers. This implies a need for intervention that focuses on reducing obesity and metabolic syndrome influenced by job stress.

재래 흑돼지와 중국 재래돈간의 Melanocortin Receptor 1(MC1R) 유전자의 유전자형 분석

이성수,양보석,정진관,고서봉,오성종,양영훈,김규일,이찬동,풍서당 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.1

PCR-RFLP analysis of Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene was carried out to investigate the genotype distribution in Korean-Native and Chinese-Native pig breeds(Neijiang, Putian, Wannanhua and Jinhua). Allelic variants of MC1R in pigs were analyzed by digestion of BspH I , AccII and Hha I . Ncijiang. Wannanhua and Jinhua had only MC1R*2 allele which is considered to be typical genotype for Meishan and Large Black. Among 20 Korean-Native Pigs and 5 Putian pigs, 10 and 2 heads had the MC1R*3 allele (*2/3 or 3/3), respectively, which was detected in European pig breeds such as Hampshire, Large White, and Pietrain. The remaining animals possessed the genotype MC1R*2/2, probably reflecting the genetic introgression of MC1R*3 allele into Korean-Native and Putian pig breeds by the crossbreeding for improvement. The alleles MC1R*l and MC1R*4, which are considered to be typical allele for European Wild Boar with wild-type coat color and Duroc with red coat color, respectively, were not detected in pig breeds used in this experiment. These results indicate that the analysis of genotype frequencies of MC1R gene may be a useful tool for the conservation of Korean-Native and Chinese-Native pig breeds.

Effects of $1{\alpha}$-Hydroxycholecalciferol and Phytase on Growth Performance, Tibia Parameter and Meat Quality of 1- to 21-d-old Broilers

Han, J.C.,Yang, X.D.,Zhang, L.M.,Li, W.L.,Zhang, T.,Zhang, Z.Y.,Yao, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.6

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of interaction between $1{\alpha}$-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) and phytase on growth performance, parameters of tibia and plasma, and meat quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers. Two hundred and forty male, 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 20 cages, with 12 chicks per cage. Five treatments were designed, with four cages each. A 2${\times}$2 factorial experiment was designed to test 0 and 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ in combination with 0 and 500 U/kg of phytase. A basal diet was formulated to contain 2.9 g/kg of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and the control diet was formulated to contain a normal level of NPP (4.5 g/kg). Results showed that $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ alone increased tibia ash, contents of calcium and phosphate, breaking strength, concentrations of plasma calcium and phosphate, and water-holding capacity of breast and thigh meat, while it decreased growth of broilers. Phytase alone improved performance and tibia quality. Although growth of broilers was lower than that of the positive control when the diet was supplemented with $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase, tibia quality was significantly improved by the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase. These data suggest that interaction between $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ and phytase at 2.9 g/kg of dietary NPP could significantly increase bone quality of 1- to 21-d-old broilers, while not improving growth performance.

INERTIAL SYSTEM CAD-THE APPLICATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC LOCUS (CL) METHOD

Li, D. L.,Guo, S. Y.,Tian, Z. Y.,Zhang, D. Z. 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

The characteristic locus method that was advanced by Macfarlane from British is new type of CAD theory for the multivariable system. This method has not severe asking, comparing with the uncoupling method and it avoids bringing some errors, comparing with the classical method. The working out of the software package of the CL method is discussedin this paper. Using this package, analysis and design are made to a two-axis platform and the satisfied result is got through actual debugging.

Experimental Study of the Runaway Current in the J-TEXT Tokamak

Y. H. Luo,Z. Y. Chen,X. Q. Zhang,D. W. Huang,W. Jin,Y. H. Huang,Y. Tang,J. C. Li,R. H. Tong,W. Yan,G. Zhuang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.3

Major plasma disruptions in tokamaks often generate runaway currents, which contain electronswith energies of several tens of megaelectron-volts (MeV). These currents can cause substantialdamage when control is lost and the current hits the limiters or the vessel wall. The interactionbetween the runaway electrons and the impurities inside the plasma results in soft X-ray emission,which can provide detailed information about the runaway generation process and the confinementof runaway electrons. A vertical soft X-ray array at the top of Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) was used to study the runaway beams resulting from major disruptions. Runawayelectron production and confinement of runaway current were observed by using soft X-ray images.

Sauchinone from Saururus chinensis protects vascular inflammation by heme oxygenase-1 induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Li, B.,Lee, Y.J.,Kim, Y.C.,Yoon, J.J.,Lee, S.M.,Lee, Y.P.,Kang, D.G.,Lee, H.S. G. Fischer 2014 Phytomedicine Vol.21 No.2

Sauchinone, a diastereomeric lignan isolated from the roots of Saururus chinensis (LOUR.) BAILL. (Saururaceae), is reported to exert a variety of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory actions and inhibitory effects on bone resorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of sauchinone in suppressing cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in high glucose stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Sauchinone inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 caused by the stimulation of high glucose. In addition, sauchinone induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression through nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in HUVEC. The effects of sauchinone on the high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were partially reversed by transfection of the cells with HO-1 siRNA. These findings suggest that sauchinone-induced HO-1 expression plays a key role in the vascular protective effects of sauchinone in HUVEC.