Gender Differences in the Association between Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Blood Pressure Change: A Prospective Community-Based Cohort Study

하경화,임상현,김현창,박성하,이해영 대한의학회 2014 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.29 No.10

We evaluated the gender differences in the relation of baseline serum γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) levels to blood pressure (BP) change during 4 yr. 4,025 normotensive subjects (1,945men and 2,080 women) who aged 40-69 yr at baseline participated in the Ansung-Ansancohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study were included. The associations of GGTwith baseline BP or 4-yr change of BP were evaluated. GGT levels were associated withsystolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline after adjustingfor age, body mass index (BMI), HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP),current smoking status and alcohol intake (SBP, β = 1.28, P < 0.001; DBP, β = 1.41,P < 0.001). GGT levels were also associated with 4-yr change in BP after adjusting for age,BMI, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, current smoking status, alcohol intake and SBP(SBP, β = 1.08, P = 0.001; DBP, β = 0.64, P = 0.003). This association was statisticallysignificant in men (SBP, β = 1.82, P < 0.001; DBP, β = 1.05, P = 0.001), but not inwomen (SBP, β = 0.38, P = 0.466; DBP, β = -0.37, P = 0.304). Remarkably, thisassociation between GGT and BP was significant in men at 40-49 yr of age. In summary,we found positive associations between GGT levels at baseline and the change of BP. Therelation of GGT level and the change of BP was only significant in men, not in women,which warrants further studies to elucidate the biologic mechanisms.

동화듣기 경험이 유아의 학습준비도에 미치는 효과

하경화 한국아동교육학회 2002 아동교육 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the experienceof listening to nursery tale was effective for young children's verbal, numerical and everyday life learning, among learning readiness toward elementary school. The subjects in this study were the five-year old 62 boy and girl young children who were attending A Kindergarten in the small city of P. The half of them were selected as an experiment group, and the other half was selected as a control group. The test instrument used in this study was Learning Readiness Inventory, a nationwide standardized 「Kyemong Learning Readiness Inventory」 by Kyemong Children's Research Institute in Seoul in 1993. This test was composed of 40 items about three areas: verbal, numerical and everyday life areas. After the pretest was conducted over the two groups, the experiment group listened to 32 nursery tales 16 times for 8 weeks, twice a week. Then posttest was conducted over the two groups, and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS program and ANCOVA in order to test the hypothesis. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the experience of listening to nursery tale was actully effective for the verbal learning of the young children. Namely, the young children improved in listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing skill and speaking skill, by listening to nursery tales. Second, the experience of listening to nursery tale was effective for the young children's numerical learning. The young children acquired, by listening to nursery tale, better concept of classification, order, space and mathematical principle. So, the experience of listening to nursery tale seemed to have an affirmative effect on numerical learning. Third, the experience of listening to nursery tale was effective for the everyday life learning. The young children had more knowledge of life by listening to nursery tale and this experience seemed to have an affirmative effect on everyday life learning. But it wasn't expected to exert a good effect on living habit. According to the findings of this study, it could be concluded that the experience of listening to nursery tale had a positive effect on young children's learning readiness of everyday life.

미세먼지 농도와 심뇌혈관계 질환으로 인한 사망과의 관련성

하경화,김창수,서민아,강대용,김현창,신동천 대한고혈압학회 2011 Clinical Hypertension Vol.17 No.2

Background: To assess the association between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular death in seven cities in the Republic of Korea during the period of 2002-2008. Methods: A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to examine association between particulate matter and deaths from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease; hypertensive disease 12,821,ischemic heart disease 39,577, cardiac arrhythmia 1,627, cerebrovascular disease 88,047. Mortality data was obtained from National Statistical Office, and hourly mean concentrations of particulate matter ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter and meteorological data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment. The percent increase in the risk of death associated with an interquartile range increase in particulate matter was determined by conditional logistic regression analysis after adjusting for national holidays and meteorological factors. Results: The largest association was a 0.8% increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–1.6) in death risk related to an interquartile range increase in particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (average of 0 to 2 days prior to the day of death). Classified as the cause of death, the association was a 1.2% increase (95% CI, 0.2–2.2) in death from cerebrovascular disease related to an interquartile range increase in particulate matter ≤ 10 μm. But others were statistically not significant. After stratification of death cases by year of death, statistically significant associations were a 2.3% increase (95%CI, 0.1–4.4) in death risk from ischemic heart disease in 2002–2004 and 2.0% increase in death from cerebrovascular disease (95% CI, 0.3–3.8) in 2006–2008. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ambient air pollution increases the risk of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in the Republic of Korea.

Clinical Characteristics of People with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes between 2015 and 2016: Difference by Age and Body Mass Index

하경화,박철영,정인경,김현진,김상용,김원준,윤지성,김인주,김대중,김성래 대한당뇨병학회 2018 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.42 No.2

Background: We evaluated the clinical characteristics of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in newly diagnosed, drug-naive people with type 2 diabetes by analyzing nationwide cross-sectional data. Methods: We collected the clinical data of 912 participants with newly diagnosed diabetes from 83 primary care clinics and hospitals nationwide from 2015 to 2016. The presence of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction was defined as a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value ≥2.5 and fasting C-peptide levels <1.70 ng/mL, respectively. Results: A total of 75.1% and 22.6% of participants had insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, respectively. The proportion of participants with insulin resistance but no β-cell dysfunction increased, and the proportion of participants with β-cell dysfunction but no insulin resistance decreased as body mass index (BMI) increased. People diagnosed with diabetes before 40 years of age had significantly higher HOMA-IR and BMI than those diagnosed over 65 years of age (HOMA-IR, 5.0 vs. 3.0; BMI, 28.7 kg/ m2 vs. 25.1 kg/m2). However, the β-cell function indices were lower in people diagnosed before 40 years of age than in those diagnosed after 65 years of age (homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function, 39.3 vs. 64.9; insulinogenic index, 10.3 vs. 18.7; disposition index, 0.15 vs. 0.25). Conclusion: We observed that the main pathogenic mechanism of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance in participants with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. In addition, young adults with diabetes are more likely to have higher insulin resistance with obesity and have higher insulin secretory defect with severe hyperglycemia in the early period of diabetes than older populations.

Trends in the Diabetes Epidemic in Korea

하경화,김대중 대한내분비학회 2015 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.30 No.2

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and increased disability-adjusted life years worldwide. In Korea, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 8.6% to 11.0% in 2001 to 2013 and the prevalence of adult obesity, which is the most important risk factor of diabetes, increased from 29.2% to 31.8% during the same period. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of obese Koreans with diabetes in recent decades and the prevalence of diabetes in people aged 40 years and older also increased in 2001 to 2013. Nevertheless, the mean age at the first diagnosis of diabetes was very similar for men in 2005 and 2013, while the mean age for women decreased slightly. There is an inverse linear relationship between body mass index and age at the diagnosis of diabetes among those who are newly diagnosed. Accordingly, the prevalence of diabetes is increasingly shifting to younger individuals and those who are obese. Therefore, public efforts should focus on healthy lifestyle changes, primary prevention measures, screening for the early detection of diabetes, and long-term management.

Clinical Characteristics of People with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes between 2015 and 2016: Difference by Age and Body Mass Index (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:137-46)

하경화,김대중,김성래 대한당뇨병학회 2018 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.42 No.3

"인공지능시대의 배우의 정체성"

하경화 한국연기예술학회 2018 한국연기예술학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

Corrigendum: Correction of Acknowledgments; Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Korea

하경화,김대중 대한내분비학회 2017 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.32 No.1

통합교육에 대한 유아교사의 역할수행 관련 변인 간 관계 구조 분석

하경화,최효정 한국유아교육학회 2018 정기학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

본 연구에서는 유아교사의 통합교육 관련 역할수행에 영유아 지원에 대한 태도, 통합에 대한 태도, 동료와의 관계, 근무환경이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 D시와 K도 소재 어린이집에 근무하는 교사 433명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 각 변인간의 관계를 알아보고자 수집된 자료는 구조방정식을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아교사의 통합교육 관련 변인인 영유아 지원에 대한 태도, 영유아 통합에 대한 태도, 동료와의 관계, 근무환경, 역할수행 간에는 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아교사의 영유아 통합에 대한 태도와 근무환경은 역할수행에 직접적인 영향을 미치고, 교사의 영유아 지원에 대한 태도는 영유아 통합에 대한 태도에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또 유아교사의 영유아 지원에 대한 태도와 동료와의 관계는 근무환경에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아교사의 통합교육에 미치는 변인 간의 구조관계는 영유아 지원에 대한 태도는 영유아 통합에 대한 태도를 매개로, 동료와의 관계는 근무환경을 매개로 역할수행에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

시각장애유아 통합교육에 대한 보육교사와 유치원교사의 인식 비교 연구

하경화,이해균 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2015 시각장애연구 Vol.31 No.2

The purpose of this study is offering basic materials of integrated education for children with visual impairments by analyzing and comparing perceptions of childcare teachers and kindergarten teachers. It has been conducted that the independent sample T-test which is targeted at 233 regular daycare center childcare teachers and 221 kindergarten teachers in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do using scale of teachers' perception about integrated education for children with visually impairments. The results of this study are as follows. First, perception of level shows significant differences between childcare teachers and kindergarten teachers. Also, kindergarten teachers' perception of level is higher than childcare teachers'. Second, childcare and kindergarten teachers' perception of level has meaningful differences depending on age, education career, education background, training experiences of special education and inclusive education experiences. 본 연구는 시각장애유아 통합교육에 대한 보육교사와 유치원교사의 인식을 비교 분석하여 시각장애유아의 통합교육을 활성화하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 대구ㆍ경북 지역의 어린이집에 재직 중인 보육교사 233명과 유치원에 재직 중인 유치원교사 221명을 대상으로 시각장애유아 통합교육에 대한 교사 인식 척도를 사용하여 독립표본 t검증을 실시하였다. 이에 얻어진 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시각장애유아 통합교육에 대한 보육교사와 유치원교사의 인식 수준은 양 집단 간 유의미한 차이를 보이며 유치원교사가 보육교사보다 인식 수준이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 배경변인별 인식 수준에서는 연령, 교육경력, 최종학력, 특수교육 관련 연수경험과 통합교육 경험 유무에 따른 인식 수준에서 양 집단 간 유의미한 차이를 보였다.