多元回歸分析에 의한 豫算需要의 豫測에 관한 硏究

鄭載旭 진주여자전문대학 1984 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The object of this article is to forecast and analyze the demand- forecasting of the budget by the functions of Multiple Regression Analysis, especially Jin Ju Local Government. The method of this study is divided into the theoretical consideration, the model building and actual proof by case study. To set up model building, I choose three variables, that is the Revenue in the General Accounting, Local Taxes and Reveneu except taxes. As the Multiple Regression Analysis takes the functions to explain the interaction of the variables in social phenomena, I set up the theoretical Multiple Regression Model and forecast the demand- forecasting of budget by this model . Therefore, the Multiple Regression Model, Y = 1232 + 122 X₁+ 172 X₂, is resulted from the selected variables, The Correlation Coefficient, r =√1-(S_(0.12)²)/(S²) , is 098, Which express the higher interaction in the variables. So, Jin Ju Local Government can forecast the demand-forecasting of budget by this model

The prognostic value of the pretreatment serum albumin to globulin ratio for predicting adverse pathology in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer

정재욱,하윤석,김상원,박승철,강택원,정영범,박성우,박진성,유은상,권태균,서성필,강호원,김원태,김용준,이상철,김원재,윤석중,김태환 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.5

Purpose: Few studies have demonstrated the clinical significance of pretreatment serum albumin and globulin in prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the association between the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and clinicopathologic characteristics of nonmetastatic PCa in a large multicenter setting in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study involved 742 patients with nonmetastatic PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in seven institutions between January 2011 and December 2012. The AGR was calculated as follows: albumin/(total protein−albumin). Patients were divided into low and high AGR groups by a cutoff value from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The best cutoff for the AGR was set at 1.53. The area under the curve of the AGR was 0.624 (95% confidence interval, 0.557–0.671; p<0.001). Patients who had a lower pretreatment AGR (<1.53) were identified as the low AGR group (n=398, 53.6%) and the remaining patients as the high AGR group (n=344, 46.4%). Preoperative AGR was significantly lower in patients with non-organ-confined disease (≥pT3) than in those with organ-confined disease (≤pT2) (p<0.001). The low AGR group had higher aggressive pathologic Gleason scores (pGS) (≥8) than did the high AGR group (p=0.016). Furthermore, the AGR was an independent prognostic factor for high pGS (≥8) and non-organ-confined disease (≥pT3), according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: A low AGR was closely associated with nonconfined disease (≥pT3) and high pGS (≥8). AGR can be a useful serological marker for predicting adverse pathology in patients with nonmetastatic PCa who undergo RP.

학습제어를 위한 AMN의 특성 분석 ( Property Analysis of AMN for Learning Control )

정재욱,국태용 대한전자공학회 1998 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.01

Xanthan gum 고분자용액의 마찰저항 감소효과

정재욱,김철암,최형진 한국고분자학회 1999 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.24 No.1

네이버 등 고용창출 우수기업, 근로감독 유예 타당한가

정재욱 고시계사 2021 考試界 Vol.66 No.8

F-154 Hippo effector YAP directly regulates the expression of PD-L1 transcripts in EGFR-TKI-resistant lung adenocarcinoma

정재욱,박세연,강다현,박동일,문재영,이정은,정성수,박희선,김주옥 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.124 No.-

Immunotherapy is powerful option for lung cancer patients without drug targets and chemotherapy resistant patients. It also has changed the concept of conventional anti-cancer therapy in the point of regulating tumor microenvironment. Our previous study revealed that the Hippo pathway effector YAP confers EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma, and inhibition of YAP restores sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. In this study, we examined whether PD-L1 is relevant in terms of conferring EGFR-TKI resistance and whether YAP directly regulates the expression of PD-L1. First, we compared the expression levels of PD-L1 and YAP between EGFR-TKI-resistant PC9 cells and the parental PC9 adenocarcinoma cells. The expression levels of both YAP and PD-L1 were markedly higher in the EGFR-TKI-resistant cells compared to the parental cells. YAP knockdown significantly decreased the expression of PD-L1 in the EGFR-TKI-resistant cells, while YAP overexpression increased the expression of PD-L1 in the parental PC9 cells. Then, our results revealed that YAP regulates the transcription of PD-L1, and the YAP/TEAD complex binds to the PD-L1 promoter. Surprisingly, knockdown of PD-L1 was sufficient to decrease cell proliferation and wound healing in the EGFR-TKI-resistant PC9 cells. These data suggest a PD1-independent oncogenic function of PD-L1. The Hippo effector YAP plays a crucial role in linking the PD-L1 and EGFR-TKI resistance by directly regulating the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer. Targeting PD-L1 directly or via YAP could provide an effective therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma.

Targeting the Hippo Effector YAP overcomes the resistance to EGFR-TKI of both EGFR mutated and Kras mutated lung adenocarcinoma

정재욱,이다혜,김선영,김주옥,정성수,박희선,이정은,문재영,박동일,이재철,임대식 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Purpose: EGFR-TKI is very effective drug for lung adenocarcinoma harboring sensitive EGFR mutation. But most patients become resistant to EGFR-TKI by many mechanisms. Adenocarcinoma with Kras mutation is innately resistant to EGFR-TKI. Overcoming these resistances is one of the most critical problems in lung cancer treatment. Hippo pathway and its effector YAP are involved in lung development and tumorigenesis. Experimental design: PC9 cell line with EGFR mutation and A549 cell line with K-ras mutation were used. Their gefitinib resistant (GR) cell lines, A549/GR and PC9/GR were used. Expression of YAP was examined in A549, A549/GR, PC9 and PC9/GR. Results: YAP and its downstream including AXL were significantly increased in GR cell lines. YAP over-expression makes PC9 and A549 cell more resistant to EGFR-TKI. Combination of EGFR-TKI and inhibition of YAP by siRNA or Verteporin significantly overcomes the resistance to EGFR TKI in both PC9/GR and A549/GR. Conclusion: YAP is deeply involved in developing EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant cell, PC9 and also Kras mutant cell, A549. Targeting Hippo effector YAP with EGFR-TKI may be novel strategy for overcoming the EGFR-TKI resistance in adenocarcinoma.

공약신뢰문제와 이란 핵협상

정재욱 한국세계지역학회 2022 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.40 No.2

This study addresses the Iranian nuclear issue from a commitment problem perspective. With the unilateral withdrawal from the JCPOA accord by the Trump administration in 2018, the commitment problem, which refers to a dilemma that the state is unable to make credible commitments due to international anarchy construed as the lack of superior authority to enforce commitments, has come to the fore in the new nuclear negotiations between the U.S. and Iran held since April 2021. Using a simple game theoretical model, this study shows that without ameliorating the commitment problem, no agreement would be reached, thus focusing on what initiatives can be and have been offered in the negotiations to address this problem. In particular, although a form of treaty that requires the two-thirds approval from the U.S. Senate must be the most legally-binding and, consequently, most costly form of agreement in that another U.S. withdrawal would inflict serious damage on its reputation, this kind of agreement is unlikely at present because of the Republican opposition in Congress. In response, the Iranians have offered several initiatives, including a ‘creative’ one called an “inherent guarantee,” which allows Iran to fully reverse its course so that it can acquire highly enriched uranium (HEU) again when the U.S. reneges on a new agreement. Whether this kind of initiative can be realized remains to be seen, proposed initiatives in the U.S.-Iran negotiations to address the commitment problem deserve attention because they might affect the North Korean nuclear issue, once a deal is struck between Washington and Tehran. 본 연구에서는 공약신뢰문제의 관점에서 이란의 핵협상을 다룬다. 2018년 트럼프 정부의 JCPOA 합의 이탈로 인해 공약신뢰문제는 2021년 4월부터 열린 핵협상에서 주요한 문제로 부각되었다. 공약신뢰문제란 초국가적 권위가 부재한 국제적 무정부 상태에서 합의를 끝까지 이행하겠다는 신뢰할 만한 약속을 할 수 없는 문제를 가리킨다. 본 연구에서는 간단한 게임모델을 사용하여 공약신뢰문제가 해소되지 않는다면 합의가 불가능하다는 점을 보이고, 이에 따라 협상에서 어떠한 제안들이 공약신뢰문제 해결을 위한 대안으로 제시되었는가에 초점을 맞춘다. 특히 상원의 2/3의 동의를 요하는 조약 형태의 합의가 가장 법적 구속력이 있고, 따라서 가장 많은 비용을 합의 파기 시에 부과한다는 점에서 효과적이지만, 공화당의 반대와 상원의 의석 분포를 고려해 볼 때, 현실적으로는 가능하지 않은 것으로 보인다. 이란이 제시한 대응책 중에 한 가지 주목을 끄는 제안은 “내재적 보장안”이다. 이란은 미국의 합의 철회를 막기 위한 방안으로 합의 철회 시 이란이 신속하게 고농축 우라늄을 재보유할 수 있도록 하는. 다시 말하면, 핵 개발의 억제나 폐기를 불가역적인 것이 아니라 가역적인 것으로 하자는 안을 제시했다. 과연 이러한 종류의 안이 실현될 것인가는 지켜보야 할 문제지만, 공약신뢰문제 완화를 위한 어떠한 방안들이 제시되는가는 주의 깊게 지켜볼 필요가 있다. 만약 미국 이란 간 협상이 타결된다면, 공약신뢰문제에 대한 해결 방안들이 북핵 문제와 관련해서도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문이다.

Risk Factors for the Development of Urethrocutaneous Fistula after Hypospadias Repair: A Retrospective Study

정재욱,최석환,김범수,정성광 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for urethrocutaneous fistula development after hypospadias repair. Materials and Methods: Between January 1990 and May 2010, 348 patients underwent hypospadias repair. This study included 294 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months. Potential risk factors for the development of fistula after operation included age, location of hypospadias, type of hypospadias repair, suture materials and methods, methods and duration of catheterization, combined congenital urologic disorders, timing of presentation and repair of fistula, and location of fistula. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Out of 294 patients, 63 patients (21.4%, 63/294) developed urethrocutaneous fistulas after hypospadias repair. In the univariate analysis, fistula formation was statistically related with type of hypospadias and type of hypospadias repair. In the multivariate analysis with stratification by hypospadias site, however, only the location of hypospadias was a significant independent risk factor in urethrocutaneous fistula development after hypospadias repair (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the risk of developing urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair is associated with the location of hypospadias (more proximal-type hypospadias). Type of hypospadias repair, suture materials, suture techniques, and number of other combined urologic disorders were not related to the development of urethrocutaneous fistulas. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for urethrocutaneous fistula development after hypospadias repair. Materials and Methods: Between January 1990 and May 2010, 348 patients underwent hypospadias repair. This study included 294 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months. Potential risk factors for the development of fistula after operation included age, location of hypospadias, type of hypospadias repair, suture materials and methods, methods and duration of catheterization, combined congenital urologic disorders, timing of presentation and repair of fistula, and location of fistula. Data were analyzed retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Out of 294 patients, 63 patients (21.4%, 63/294) developed urethrocutaneous fistulas after hypospadias repair. In the univariate analysis, fistula formation was statistically related with type of hypospadias and type of hypospadias repair. In the multivariate analysis with stratification by hypospadias site, however, only the location of hypospadias was a significant independent risk factor in urethrocutaneous fistula development after hypospadias repair (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the risk of developing urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair is associated with the location of hypospadias (more proximal-type hypospadias). Type of hypospadias repair, suture materials, suture techniques, and number of other combined urologic disorders were not related to the development of urethrocutaneous fistulas.

무엇이 한국인을 한국인으로 만드는가: 한국인의 국가 정체성과 인종 정체성에 대한 외현적 태도와 암묵적 태도의 비교

정재욱,허주형,나진경 한국사회및성격심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 사회 및 성격 Vol.34 No.3

Korean society is rapidly shifting to a more multiethnic and multicultural society and the perception on Korean identity may be changing as well. The current studies compared Koreans’ perceived importance of the components of Korean identity, focusing on Korean ethnicity and nationality. Specifically, we asked participants to compare between a group of non-ethnic Koreans who are Korean nationals (national group) and ethnic Koreans who are foreign nationals (ethnic group), in terms of each group’s perceived closeness to Korea and the likeability of each group. In Study 1 where we measured explicit attitude using a self-report measure, university students (N = 126, male = 48, mean age = 21.88) reported that national group felt more Korean and was more likeable than ethnic group. However, in Study 2 where we measured the students’ implicit attitude using IAT, ethnic group was more strongly associated with Korea (N = 65, male = 21, mean age = 22.39) and was seen in a more positive light (N = 65, male = 24, mean age = 22.43). These results help us understand Koreans’ psychological complexities when facing the shift toward a more multiethnic and multicultural society.