「상담학연구」의 발전 방향성 및 과제

이아라,정애경,김동민 한국상담학회 2021 상담학연구 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구는 상담학연구의 발전 방향성과 향후 과제를 이해하기 위한 목적으로 진행하였다. 이를 위해 상담학연구 편집위원을 역임한 전문가 15인을 대상으로, 3차에 거쳐 델파이연구를 수행하였다. 3차 설문결과 문항의 점수가 평균 4.0이상, CVR 최솟값인 .49이상인 문항을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, ‘상담학연구에서 중요하고 필요한 연구 주제 및 구인’은 상담성과(효과성)연구, 상담방법연구, 상담과정연구, 치료요인의 맥락을 확인하는 연구, 개별개입 처치효과 연구 순으로 합의되었다. ‘중요하고 필요한 연구대상’은 노인, 다문화가정구성원, 내담자, 실직자, 장년 순으로, ‘중요하고 필요한 연구방법’은 혼합연구, 상담자-내담자 쌍자료연구, 종단연구, 빅데이터연구, 실험연구 순으로 높은 합의도를 보였다. ‘향후 유행할 연구 주제 중에서 가장 중요한 연구’는 상담비교연구(전통 상담과 AI상담, 대면상담과 비대면 상담 등)로 나타났다. 이어 상담에서 IT 및 AI활용, 코로나 등 전염병관련 스트레스 및 대처 연구가 높은 합의도를 보였다. 앞으로의 ‘상담학연구 발전방향’에서 가장 높은 동의를 보인 주제는 상담성과를 확인할 수 있는 다양하고 새로운 접근의 발견이었으며, 그 뒤를 상담에서 빅데이터 활용 방안 개발, 변화하는 현실에 적절한 상담 윤리 논의 및 정립이 높은 동의를 받았다. 이러한 연구결과에 따른 상담학연구의 발전방향을 구체적으로 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to provide the future directions and implications for the Korean Journal of Counseling (KJC). For this purpose, we conducted the Delphi poll 3 rounds with 15 experts who served as editorial board members of KJC. As a result of the 3rd survey, items with an average score over 4.0 and the minimum CVR over .49 were derived. The results show that the topics that would be important and necessary were counseling outcome, counseling modes (online. offline), counseling process, the context of treatment factors, and individual intervention-treatment effect. The elderly, multicultural family members, clients, the unemployed, and middle-aged people were chosen as research participants that would be important and necessary in the future. For research methods, the panel rated high for mixed methods, counselor-client pair data studies, longitudinal studies, big data, and experimental studies for their importance and necessity. The panel agreed that comparative studies for counseling modes (online vs offline, etc.), utilization of IT and AI in counseling, stress and coping-related pandemics such as COVID-19 would be the most popular topics for future studies. As for suggestions for future directions and development of KJC, a discovery of new approaches to measure counseling outcome was rated the highest, followed by preparation for collection and utilization of big data in counseling, and discussion for counseling ethics in changing society. Based on the results, we discussed implications and suggestions for future directions for KJC.

경추 신연요법을 적용한 연성 경추 추간판 탈출증 환자 치험 1례

이아라,정원석,이준환,송미연,Lee, A-Ra,Chung, Won-Suk,Lee, Jun-Hwan,Song, Mi-Yeon 척추신경추나의학회 2007 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Objectives: The object of this study is to report a clinical effect of chuna manual theraphy for the soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc. Methods: The patient was treated by cervical traction technique which is one of the chuna manual theraphy with other conservative treatments including acupuncture, herbal mixture, bee-venom theraphy and TENS(Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation). Visual analogue scale(VAS) have been used for result report. Results: After the cervical traction technique, the VAS was significantly improved. Conclusions: It is thought that the chuna manual theraphy might be effective to the patient with soft herniated intervertebral cervical disc.

Fe-loaded zeolite를 이용한 칼럼 실험에서의 Cd & Cr(VI) 동시제거 반응성 평가

이아라,이승학,박준범,Lee Ah-Ra,Lee Seung-Hak,Park Jun-Boum 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006 지하수토양환경 Vol.11 No.1

Cd과 Cr(VI)으로 동시에 오염된 지하수 정화에 반응벽체 공법을 적용하기 위하여 환원능과 흡착능을 동시에 가지는 새로운 반응 물질인 Fe-loaded zeolite의 반응성을 실내 주상실험을 통해 평가하였다. Cd과 Cr(VI)을 동시에 포함한 오염용액을 반응물질이 충진된 칼럼에 주입하고, 이 칼럼을 통과한 유출수에서의 Cd과 Cr(VI) 농도를 측정하여 파과곡선을 얻는 방법으로 본 주상실험을 수행하였다. 유출수의 농도 분석 결과 Cd의 파과는 Cr(VI)의 파과곡선이 완료되는 시점까지 전혀 관찰되지 않아, 반응물질의 전반적인 효율은 Cr(VI)에 대한 반응성에 의해 결정됨을 알 수 있었다. Cr(VI)의 파과곡선은 파과 시작점이 다소 지체되고 파과의 진행 속도도 느려지며 파괴곡선의 상대농도 값이 1까지 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 이러한 Cr(VI) 파과곡선의 양상을 정량적으로 묘사하기 위하여 형상계수라고 하는 새로운 계수 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 정의하고, 이를 오염물질의 이동방정식에 적용함으로써 파과곡선의 지체 정도와 기울기 정도를 나타내었다. 초기 주입 용액의 농도가 증가할수록 ${\alpha}$값은 감소하였고, 이로부터 파과곡선의 시작 시점이 빨라 지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 초기 주입 용액의 속도가 증가할수록 ${\beta}$ 값이 감소하였으며, 이로부터 파과곡선의 기울기가 점차 가팔라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 Fe-loaded zeolite를 반응벽체 내 반응물질로 적용할 경우, Fe-loaded zeolite는 지하수 상에 존재하는 서로 다른 이온 형태의 중금속인 Cd과 Cr(VI)을 효과적으로 동시에 제거할 수 있음을 획인하였으며 이때, Fe-loaded zeolite를 통한 Cr(VI)의 파과는 지하수 흐름이 빠를수록 파과의 진행이 더욱 급격히 나타날 것이며 오염농도가 높은 지하수일수록 파과의 시점이 빠르게 나타나 반응물질은 그 사용 한계 에 다다르게 될 것임을 예측할 수 있었다. Laboratory column experiment for simultaneous removal of Cd and Cr(VI) were conducted using newly developed material of Fe-loaded zeolite having both reduction ability and sorption capacity. The solution containing Cd and Cr(VI) was injected into the column and the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the contaminants were observed at the effluent port. Cd breakthrough was not initialized until Cr(VI) breakthrough was completed. Therefore it could be concluded that overall efficiency of Fe-loaded zeolite should be determined by the reactivity for Cr(VI). The relative concentration of Cr(VI) BTC increased to the unit value while initial breakthrough was delayed and the propagation of breakthrough was slowed. In order to quantitatively describe the shape of Cr(VI) BTC, new parameters of ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ designated to be shape parameters, were defined and applied in contaminant transport concentration. These parameters were employed to represent the degree of initial breakthrough delay and the degree of breakthrough propagation, respectively. As initial contaminant concentration increased, ${\alpha}$ decreased, which indicated the delay of BTC's initiation. And as initial contaminant flow rate increased, ${\beta}$ decreased, which represented the faster propagation of the BTC. From these results, Fe-loaded zeolite was found to be an effective reactive material for PRBs against heavy metals having different ionic forms in groundwater. And it could be expected that as groundwater flows faster, the propagation of breakthrough would be faster and as contaminant concentration is higher, the initial point of breakthrough would appear earlier.

예방상담학적 관점에서의 국내 청년실업 연구동향과 개입방안

이아라,이주영,김계현 한국상담학회 2013 상담학연구 Vol.14 No.1

Youth unemployment is a significant problem that needs to be tackled at the national and individual levels. The current study explored the research trend in youth unemployment in Korea in order to better understand the phenomenon and identify implications for prevention interventions. For this, the study first analyzed 93 journal articles and theses for specialty field, research topic, and research form. Results revealed a significant lack of related research in the fields of counseling, psychology, and education despite the fact that the issue of youth employment is highly pertinent to individuals’ psychological problems and career. Also, the research topics related to youth unemployment were classified into external environment factor, host factor(intrapersonal factor), individual behavior factor according to the socioecological model. Such classification showed that most studies focused on the external environment factors of unemployment, and demonstrated the need for more research into factors that affect the unemployed or individual behavior factor related to problem solving. As for the form of research, many studies had reanalyzed previous literature on unemployment-related policies and systems. In contrast, studies that investigated into the actual experiences of the unemployed or the causal relationships through experiments were extremely rare. Future studies should focus on the individual experiences of unemployment and identify specific mechanisms that can help overcome the problem. The current study identified the risk and protective factors in youth unemployment based on the findings of previous studies. Through this, implications for future research and intervention were discussed. 청년 실업은 사회적․개인적으로 해결되어야 할 심각한 문제로, 그 필요에 따라 실업의 원인과 해결방법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 청년 실업 연구의 동향을 파악함으로써, 청년 실업의 양상을 이해하고 이를 해결하기 위해 필요한 개입에서의 시사점을 예방상담학적 관점으로 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 학진등재지 후보 이상의 논문들과 학위논문 총 93편을 대상으로 연구 전공분야, 연구 주제, 연구 형태를 분석하였다. 청년실업 연구를 수행한 전공분야를 살펴본 결과, 상담, 심리, 교육 분야에서의 연구가 다른 분야에 비해 상대적으로 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회생태적 모형(socioecological model)의 틀로 국내 청년 실업과 관련된 연구의 주제를 분석한 결과, 주로 실업에 대한 외부환경요인을 중심으로 연구가 이루어지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 실업 대상자들에 영향을 주는 요인이나 문제해결과 관련된 개인행태요인에 대한 연구는 부족함을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 형태의 경우 기존의 실업관련 정책이나 제도와 관련된 문헌을 다시 분석한 연구들이 가장 많았으며, 실제 실업자들을 대상으로 그들이 경험하는 현상을 관찰하거나 실험을 통해 인과관계를 규명한 연구들은 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 다음으로 예방상담학적 관점에서 청년 실업 문제에 대한 상담적 개입의 시사점을 도출하기 위해 관련변인들을 위험요인과 보호요인으로 분류하였다. 그 결과, 다른 요인들에 비해 개인 차원의 요인들이 보다 다양하게 연구되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 예방상담학적 관점에서 분류했을 때 1차 혹은 2차 예방 시점에서 진행된 연구들이 대부분이었으므로 상대적으로 문제가 심각해질 수 있는 장기실업자를 대상으로 한 3차 예방 시점에서의 연구가 보다 필요할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 추후 연구가 필요한 영역을 제시하고, 개입방향에서의 시사점을 논의하였다.

온라인 플랫폼의 빅데이터를 활용한 심리상담 및 심리상담사에 대한 사회적 인식

이아라,이은설,박수원 한국상담심리학회 2021 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료 Vol.33 No.2

This study explored public perceptions of counseling services using a big data approach. Datasets were created through web-scraping using two keywords: “psychological counseling” and “counselor.” The datasets for psychological counseling and counselor consisted of 15,769 and 5,966 cases, respectively. Word frequencies, similarities, and LDA topic modeling were utilized. In the psychological counseling dataset, “licensure,” “center,” “therapy” were ranked as frequently used words and showed higher similarities with “psychotherapy reviews,” “suspicion” and “medicine.” In the counselor dataset, “psychology,” “licensure,” “acquisition,” “art” were ranked as frequently used words and showed higher similarities with “human,” “talent,” and “life.” LDA topic modeling suggested five and six topics for psychological counseling and counselor respectively. Topics for psychological counseling were “counseling utilization information,” “inquiries about counselor licensure,” “counseling types and modalities,” “counseling as professional area,” and “counselor training/education.” Topics for counselor were “license acquisition,” “art therapy,” “counseling specialities,” “counselor qualification,” and “counseling process and confidentiality.” 본 연구는 빅데이터를 활용하여 심리상담 및 심리상담사에 대한 사회적 인식을 확인하기 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해 온라인 플랫폼에 공개된 자료를 중심으로 심리상담 및 심리상담사와 관련된 빅데이터를 수집하여 빈도분석, 유사도 분석, 토픽모델링을 실시하였다. 분석에 활용된 데이터는 웹페이지 수를 기준으로 ‘심리상담’은 15,769건, ‘심리상담사’는 5,966건이었다. 연구 결과, 심리상담 관련 검색자료에서는 ‘심리’, ‘자격증’, ‘센터’, ‘치료’ 등의 단어가 높은 빈도를 보였고, ‘후기’, ‘의심’, ‘의학’ 등의 단어와 높은 연관성을 나타내었다. 심리상담사의 경우는 ‘심리’, ‘자격증’, ‘취득’, ‘미술’ 등의 단어들이 높은 빈도를 보였고, ‘인간’, ‘소질’, ‘생활’ 등과 높은 연관성을 보였다. 토픽모델링을 실시한 결과, ‘심리상담’은 심리상담의 접근방법에 대한 관심, 상담전문가 자격취득에 대한 관심, 심리상담의 치료양식에 대한 관심, 심리상담의 전문성에 대한 관심, 상담전문가 훈련 및 교육과정에 대한 관심의 5가지 주제가 인터넷 상의 자료를 구성하는 대표적인 주제들로 구분되었다. 또한, ‘심리상담사’는 심리상담사 자격증 취득에 대한 정보, 미술치료에 대한 관심, 심리상담사의 전문영역 및 대상, 심리상담사 직업에 대한 관심, 심리상담사 자격요건 및 교육과정, 비밀보장과 상담과정에 대한 관심의 6가지 주제가 도출되었다. 연구 결과의 시사점과 한계점을 논의하였다.

대학생의 진로결정문제에 따른 잠재집단분류 및 진로관련 정서, 인지 및 행동 관련 변인들의 영향력 검증

이아라,이주영 한국상담학회 2017 한국상담학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.8

상담전공 학부생의 상담자활동 자기효능감변화 양상 및 예측요인 연구

이아라,조항,김영근,이주영 한국상담학회 2018 상담학연구 Vol.19 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 상담전공 학부생들이 상담교육과정을 경험하는 동안 상담자활동 자기효능감이 어떻게 변화하는지를 확인하고, 이러한 변화에 학년, 전공만족도, 상담실습이 어떠한 영향을 주는지 확인하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 상담관련 학과가 학부에 설치되어 있는 3개 대학에 재학 중인 상담관련 전공 학부생을 대상으로 세 차례에 걸쳐 설문을 실시하여 수집한 480명의 자료를 분석하였다. 수집한 자료 분석을 위해 잠재성장모델링을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 모든 하위요인들과 전체 상담자활동 자기효능감 모형에서 초기치와 변화율이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 초기치와 변화율에 대한 예측요인분석에서는 학년은 초기치에 부적으로 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 주었고, 실습시간은 변화율에 정적으로 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주었다. 초기치와 변화율에 대한 전공만족도의 영향은 모든 모형에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 상담자로 교육받는 상담전공 학부생들의 역량 변화를 경험적 자료를 통해 확인했다는 점, 상담 전공 대학생의 발달을 종단적 자료를 통해 확인했다는 점, 보다 긍정적 변화를 위해 이들에게 무엇을 제공해야 하는지를 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine how the level of counselor self-efficacy changes among undergraduate counselors-in-training throughout their counselor education program, in order to investigate the effects of grade, major satisfaction, and counseling practice on these changes. For this purpose, we measured the counselor self-efficacy of 480 undergraduate students in counseling program at three universities and at three different time points, using Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scale. We applied a Latent Growth Modeling to analyze the data. We found that there were statistically significant differences in intercept and slope for all the sub-scales and the total CASE-S. Specifically, the predictive factor analysis for its intercept and slope showed that participants’ grade had a negative effect on the intercept scores, whereas practicum hours were positively related to the slope in the level of counselor self-efficacy. However, there was no effect of students’ major satisfaction level on both intercept and slope values. Our findings is meaningful with providing an empirical data to show the change in competency of undergraduate counseling students, offering a longitudinal data about their development in counselor education, and identifying what we should offer them for more positive change.

Organic semiconductor properties of fluorinated conducting polymer

이아라,채상민,정인아,김주애,서홍석,김효정 한국진공학회 2017 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2017 No.2

직유의 효과에 관한 새로운 이해 - 직유의 벡터와 그 작용을 중심으로

이아라 한국수사학회 2005 수사학 Vol.0 No.3

This dissertation is a study of the similes, with a view to identifying the limits the existing view of the similes imposed on them and to presenting a new view of the similes on the basis of that identification. Not by unreliable, abstract theorizing but by examining ways and effects similes work in actual poems and by closely analyzing the similes in everyday life, this dissertation advances a new theory of the similes. Although they have long been recognized as a major rhetoric device, few in-depth studies of the similes have been made. Ever since Poetics and Rhetoric by Aristotle(BC 384~322), the study on the similes has been relegated to a part of the study of metaphors. After presenting the existing general views of the similes that 1) effects of the similes are clear and simple and the similes reinforce clarity and concreteness through enhanced imagery, 2) the similes are a lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors and, while the similes are primary expressions with less density, the metaphors are more refined expressions of higher level and 3) the similes and the metaphors are essentially the same and the former are amplification of the latter and the latter is a condensation of the former and, therefore, the former may be replaced with the later, this dissertation raised questions and sought to resolve them. This dissertation examined if the traditional view that the similes can be replaced with metaphors was true. Common similes in daily life and in the poems of Ki Hyungdo, Ryu Siwha and Kim Dongmyung have been extensively examined. As a result of this examination, it has been confirmed that meanings are changed when similes are replaced with metaphors. Because of the contrasting nature of the similes and the metaphors, such as vector (directionality) and naming (interpretation), and participation and possession, the similes can hardly be replaced with the metaphors. This experiment, in which the similes were replaced with metaphors, showed that poetic narrators' vectors have been lost and the poems were transformed into totally different ones. The similes induce the hearer to participate in the speaker's directionality. So the similes are persuasive. Through the study conducted in this dissertation it was found that the existing view that the similes are lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors was not correct. If the similes are considered lower rhetoric than the metaphors, simile-dominated poems would be of lower quality and, in order to upgrade the quality, the similes would be replaced with metaphors. However, there are many examples of good poems where the similes are main rhetoric and where the similes can not be replaced with the metaphors without changing the poems into different poems. What contributes to the making of good poems is not whether similes or metaphors are used but if they are used appropriately. Through many illustrations and evidence-based study, this dissertation establishes a new view of the similes and attains an in-depth understanding of poetry. This dissertation is a study of the similes, with a view to identifying the limits the existing view of the similes imposed on them and to presenting a new view of the similes on the basis of that identification. Not by unreliable, abstract theorizing but by examining ways and effects similes work in actual poems and by closely analyzing the similes in everyday life, this dissertation advances a new theory of the similes. Although they have long been recognized as a major rhetoric device, few in-depth studies of the similes have been made. Ever since Poetics and Rhetoric by Aristotle(BC 384~322), the study on the similes has been relegated to a part of the study of metaphors. After presenting the existing general views of the similes that 1) effects of the similes are clear and simple and the similes reinforce clarity and concreteness through enhanced imagery, 2) the similes are a lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors and, while the similes are primary expressions with less density, the metaphors are more refined expressions of higher level and 3) the similes and the metaphors are essentially the same and the former are amplification of the latter and the latter is a condensation of the former and, therefore, the former may be replaced with the later, this dissertation raised questions and sought to resolve them. This dissertation examined if the traditional view that the similes can be replaced with metaphors was true. Common similes in daily life and in the poems of Ki Hyungdo, Ryu Siwha and Kim Dongmyung have been extensively examined. As a result of this examination, it has been confirmed that meanings are changed when similes are replaced with metaphors. Because of the contrasting nature of the similes and the metaphors, such as vector (directionality) and naming (interpretation), and participation and possession, the similes can hardly be replaced with the metaphors. This experiment, in which the similes were replaced with metaphors, showed that poetic narrators' vectors have been lost and the poems were transformed into totally different ones. The similes induce the hearer to participate in the speaker's directionality. So the similes are persuasive. Through the study conducted in this dissertation it was found that the existing view that the similes are lower rhetoric compared with the metaphors was not correct. If the similes are considered lower rhetoric than the metaphors, simile-dominated poems would be of lower quality and, in order to upgrade the quality, the similes would be replaced with metaphors. However, there are many examples of good poems where the similes are main rhetoric and where the similes can not be replaced with the metaphors without changing the poems into different poems. What contributes to the making of good poems is not whether similes or metaphors are used but if they are used appropriately. Through many illustrations and evidence-based study, this dissertation establishes a new view of the similes and attains an in-depth understanding of poetry.

폐암 환자에서 폐절제술후 흉부 CT 소견

이아라 대한영상의학회 1992 대한영상의학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Evaluation of postpneumonectomy space (PPS) by CT in patients with lung cancer for operation-related complication or tumor recurrence is critical, but often difficult. We retrospectively analysed CT scans of 38 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer. CT scans were obtained on 7-10th post-operative day for baseline image and at varying intervals of 2 to 24 months thereafter. Usual postoperative findings in patients without complication included mediastinal shifting, changes in subpleural space, changes in parietal pleura, and herniation of contralateral lung. Four patients had postoperative complication including empyema (n=3) and bronchopleural fistula (n=2). Twelve patients showed findings of tumor recurrence such as lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and pericardial and contralateral pleural effusion. By comparing follow-up CT with baseline CT, we were able to detect early cancer recurrence and postoperative complications. Our results indicate that serial chest CT play an important role in the evaluation of the patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer.