생분해성 폴리락타이드/실리카 복합체 제조 및 특성

이병익,김성헌,이무성,Lee, Byung-Ick,Kim, Sung-Hun,Lee, Moo-Sung 한국섬유공학회 2008 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.45 No.5

The composites of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and silica were prepared using a Haake melt mixer. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the two components silica was modified using three different silane coupling agents with different functional moieties. For the case that silica is treated with GPTS or MPTS, the molecular weight of PLLA are significantly reduced. This results in the lowering of the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) and melt viscosity of the composites. However, when the APTS-treated silica with amine functionality is added to PLLA, the storage modulus and melt viscosity of the composites are somewhat increased compared to neat PLLA. The rate of melt crystallization of PLLA is also increased as a result of surface treatment of silica.

실리카 첨가에 의한 폴리카보네이트 수지의 니스크래치 특성 개선

이병익,임균택,이무성,Lee, Byung-Ick,Lim, Gyun-Taek,Lee, Moo-Sung 한국섬유공학회 2011 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Polycarbonate (PC)/mineral silica composites were prepared by melt-mixing to improve PC's surface characteristics. The silica's surface was modified using a silane coupling agent with amine functional moiety prior to blending. The effects of silica on the PC's morphology, dynamic mechanical properties, molecular weight, and pencil hardness were investigated. Although SEM showed that silane treatment promoted interfacial adhesion between the PC and the silica, the storage modulus of the PC/silica composites increases with increasing silica content irrespective of silane treatment. Silica addition decreased the molecular weight (MW), and thus the melt viscosity of PC in the composites. The reduction was slightly greater at higher silica contents and when silane-treated silica was added. Despite the detrimental effects of silica on the MW, the pencil hardness of the PC increased to F grade when silane-treated silica of 40 phr was added possibly due to the increased modulus and interfacial adhesion.

신체활동 중심 태권도체육관 운영의 문제점과 개선방안

이병익(Lee, Byung-Ick),김규수(Kim, Kyu-Soo),진중의(JIn, Jung-Eu),신용업(Shin, Yung-Eup),장경태(Jang, Kyeong-Tae) 용인대학교 무도연구소 2013 武道硏究所誌 Vol.24 No.2

이 연구는 태권도장 운영의 문제점 개선을 통해 활성화 방안 및 정체성을 모색하고자 하였다. 이에 관한 결론 도출은 다음과 같다. 1) 지속적인 마케팅 전략의 필요성이 간구되어야 한다. 좋은 마케팅 프로그램은 노력한 기간에 따라 그 영향력이 달라진다. 많은 관장들이 마케팅 전략에 실패하는 것은 이 전략을 시작했다가 계속 지속하지 못하고 바로 중단 하는데 그 문제점이 있다. 2) 지도력과 책임감이다. 도장을 사업으로 인식하지 못한 데서 오는 초래한 결과에 대한 자기 자신의 책임회피이다. 사업으로서의 도장 경영이 원하는 만큼의 성공을 거두지 못했을 때 그 책임은 자기 자신에게 있다는 것을 명심해야 한다. 3) 경영은 1년 12달의 월 계획이 세워져야 한다. 관장[경영자]이 꼭 알아야 할 사항이 있다. 첫째, 도장에서 지출되는 기본적인 경비가 무엇인지 알고 있는가? 둘째, 도장의 수입률은 알고 있는가? 셋째, 지난 몇 달 동안의 수익률이 어떻게 변화하고 있는지 알고 있는가? 넷째, 한 명의 수련생을 가입시키기 위한 비용은 얼마 정도가 드는지 알고 있는가? 다섯째, 도장 평수에 따른 투자 가치가 얼마나 효율적으로 경영하고 있는지 알고 있는가? The purpose of this study is to seeks activation through improve of the operational problems Taekwondo gym. Conclusions are as follows. 1) Continuous marketing strategy is needed. The impact of marketing is dependent on the duration of the effort. Mary operators do not maintain their marketing strategy. As a lack of continuity, the marketing strategy must be fail. 2) Because Operations of the gym does not recognize Business, they become the lack of leadership and responsibility. Thereby avoiding the responsibility for themselves. Successful management in the gym as much as you want, unless they are responsible to himself that he should be kept in mind.3) period of one year, monthly management is planning, Director (CEO) is just what you need to know the following. First, the basic cost is spent in the gym do you know what? Second, how much of the gym yields knows? Third, the change in yield over the last few months knows? Fourth, the cost of recruiting one person practitioner knows? Finally, the efficiency of investment compared to a gym area knows?

난소종양의 임상 및 조직병리학적 고찰

이진교 ( Jin Gyo Lee ),송은섭 ( Eun Seop Song ),최석진 ( Suk Jin Choi ),주영채 ( Young Chae Chu ),황성욱 ( Sung Ook Hwang ),임문환 ( Moon Whan Im ),이병익 ( Byung Ick Lee ),김태정 ( Tae Jung Kim ),이우영 ( Woo Young Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2005 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.48 No.4

승마 (black cohosh)의 폐경 후 단기간 투여시 질 위축에 대한 효과와 안전성

이동규 ( Dong Kyu Lee ),박형무 ( Hyoung Moo Park ),강병문 ( Byung Moon Kang ),김정구 ( Jung Gu Kim ),윤병구 ( Byung Koo Yoon ),이병익 ( Byoung Ick Lee ),조수현 ( Soo Hyun Cho ),최훈 ( Hoon Choe ),유범희 ( Bum Hee Yu ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.2

목적: 중등도 이상의 갱년기 증상을 가진 자연 폐경여성에서 승마의 단기간 투여시 질 위축에 대한 효과와 안전성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 폐경 여성 80명을 대상으로 위약과 승마복합제를 각각 40명에게 무작위로 배정하였다. 12주 투여 후 질 성숙지표를 측정하여 두 군간에 질 상피세포의 변화를 비교함으로써 질 위축에 대한 효과를 평가하였다. 안전성은 시험약을 배정받아 한번이라도 투약받은 피험자에 대하여 이상반응, 실험실 검사치 (일반혈액검사, 일반화학검사, 소변검사), 생체징후, 이학적 검사 자료를 수집하여 평가하였다. 결과: 승마복합제 12주간의 투여 후 질 성숙지표의 변화는 위약군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 승마복합제와 위약의 두 군에서 생체징후, 실험실 검사, 이학적 검사의 모든 항목에서 정상수치의 변화는 모두 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이상반응률에서도 두 치료군 사이에 통계학적 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 이상반응의 종류도 동일하여 이상반응의 원인이 승마복합제와 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 승마는 질 상피의 위축에 호전효과를 보이지 않았고, 폐경여성에서 단기간 사용시 유의한 이상반응을 유발하지 않음을 확인하였다. Objective: To evaluate the short-term therapeutic effect of black cohosh on vaginal atrophy and safety in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 80 postmenopausal women having moderate to severe degree of climacteric symptoms were randomly allocated to receive black cohosh combined preparation (n=40) or placebo (n=40) daily for 12 weeks. Fifty eight subjects completed this clinical study. The effect of black cohosh on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women was evaluated by measuring Maturation Value. Maturation Value was determined from vaginal smear at 0 and 12 weeks of treatment. Safety assessment included vital signs, physical examinations, adverse events, and routine laboratory parameters (hematology, biochemistry and urinalysis). It was carried out at the beginning, and after 4, 8, 12 weeks of treatment. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) Maturation Value decreased 0.18 (0.47±0.32 to 0.29±0.23) in black cohosh group and 0.13 (0.43±0.30 to 0.30±0.21) in placebo group. There was no statistical difference in change of Maturation Value from the baseline between the groups after 12 weeks. No serious adverse events were seen. Adverse events were observed in 7 (17.5%) patients in black cohosh group and 6 (15%) patients in placebo group. Prevalence of the adverse events did not differ statistically in the two treatment groups. No significant effects were seen on blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, physical findings and laboratory values. Black cohosh was well tolerated. Conclusion: Black cohosh did not exert estrogenic effects on the vaginal atrophy but appears to be a safe alternative medicine for postmenopausal short-term use.

승마 (black cohosh)와 St. John`s wort 복합제 (훼라민-큐(R))의 갱년기 증상에 대한 효과: 다기관 무작위 이중맹검 위약대조 임상연구

박형무 ( Hyoung Moo Park ),강병문 ( Byung Moon Kang ),김정구 ( Jung Gu Kim ),윤병구 ( Byung Koo Yoon ),이병익 ( Byoung Ick Lee ),조수현 ( Soo Hyun Cho ),최훈 ( Hoon Choi ),유범희 ( Bum Hee Yu ) 대한산부인과학회 2005 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.48 No.10

한국 여성에서 폐경증상 중 혈관운동증상에 대한 역학 조사

김탁 ( Tak Kim ),박형무 ( Hyoung Moo Park ),윤병구 ( Byung Koo Yoon ),이병익 ( Byoung Ick Lee ),염선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yum ) 대한폐경학회 2012 대한폐경학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are one of the most annoying symptoms experienced by postmenopausal women. Generally, 75% of women over 50 years of age experience VMS. This study is an epidemiologic survey of menopausal symptoms and VMS in Korean menopausal women. Methods: Survey participants were recruited from Korean provinces based on the Korean population study conducted in 2010 and using multi-level stratification by age and geographic location, and random sampling. Healthy perimenopausal and menopausal Korean women aged between 40 to 60 years and who participated in the interview survey were included in the study. The Korean version of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the Korean version of Women`s Health Questionnaire (WHQ) was used to investigate the prevalence of menopausal related symptoms and to assess quality of life. Results: Among the 1,500 women, 66% were classified as perimenopause, 28% as menopause, and 7% had undergone hysterectomy. Typically, 41.6% of women in perimenopause reported having experienced VMS in recent six months. About 53.1% of women in early menopause and 36.5% of women in late menopause had experienced VMS in the past six months. Whereas, 30.6% of women with hot flashes, and 27.9% of women with sweating stated that these symptoms were not related to menopause. Conclusion: The prevalence of VMS in Korean women seems to be less than women of Western countries. Overall subjective experience of menopause was perceived as increasingly positive with age. Awareness of menopausal symptoms appeared lower than expected. Perimenopausal and menopausal women in Korea rarely sought medical care. (J Korean Soc Menopause 2012;18:147-154)

한국 여성에서 자연 조기 분만과 Interleukin-1β 및 Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist 유전자 다형성의 연관성

김세련 ( Se Ryun Kim ),박영준 ( Young Jun Park ),류기영 ( Ki Young Ryu ),김종욱 ( Jong Wook Kim ),송은섭 ( Eun Seob Song ),이병익 ( Byung Ick Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2007 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.50 No.1

목적: 조산은 영아 사망 및 이환의 중요한 인자이나 원인 및 기전이 여전히 명백하지 않다. 최근 여러 원인 중 염증과 관련있는 cytokine의 유전자 다형성과의 관계에 대한 연구가 활발하여 한국 여성에서도 interleukin-1β및 interleukin-1 receptor antagonist의 유전자 다형성의 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법: 정상 분만군 33명과 조산군 27명을 대상으로 IL-1β+3953과 IL-1 Ra의 유전자 다형성에 대한 중합 효소 연쇄반응 및 제한 절편길이 다형성을 조사하였다. 결과: 정상 분만군과 조산군의 연령, 산모 체중, 임신력 등은 차이를 보이지 않았으나 제태 연령, 출생 체중은 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.01). IL-1β+3953은 135 bp/114 bp와 249 bp/249 bp 두 가지 유형을 보였는데 유전자형의 빈도 및 대립 유전자 빈도가 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p=0.182, p=0.162). IL-1 Ra는 410 bp, 240 bp, 500 bp, 325 bp, 595 bp의 다섯 가지 유전자형을 보였는데 유전자형의 빈도 및 대립 유전자 빈도 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p=0.101, p=0.094). 결론: IL-1β+3953과 IL-1 Ra는 정상 분만과 조산군 간의 유전자 다형성의 차이를 보이지 않았다. Objective: Preterm birth is an important cause of infant death and morbidity but its pathophysiology still remains to be clear. The associations between preterm birth and the polymorphism of interleukin-1β gene and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene have been suspected. And ethnic variations in the polymorphism of the genes were also reported. We decided to study polymorphisms of interleukin-1β+3953 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in Korean pregnant women. Methods: Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 is the control group of 33 subjects with uncomplicated term delivery : group 2 is the case group of patients who had spontaneous preterm delivery. Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: There were significant differences in gestational age and birth weight between two groups (P<0.001). No significant differences were found in genotypic frequencies and allelic frequencies in interleukin-1β+3953 between two groups. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene had 5 alleles and the most frequent allele was IL1RN*1 (410bp), 66.7% in control group and 77.8% in case group. And significant differences were not found in genotypic frequencies and allelic frequencies between two groups, too. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in polymorphisms in interleukin-1β +3953 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist between term delivery group and preterm birth group.

정상 신생아의 제대혈 내 렙틴과 성장 호르몬의 태아 성장과의 연관성

김세련 ( Se Ryun Kim ),박지현 ( Ji Hyun Park ),박영준 ( Young Jun Park ),류기영 ( Ki Young Ryu ),김종욱 ( Jong Wook Kim ),이병익 ( Byung Ick Lee ),조숙 ( Sook Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2005 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.48 No.12