RF 파워에 따라 스퍼터된 Al doped ZnO 박막의 구조적, 광학적, 전기적 특성

김종욱,김덕규,김홍배,Kim, Jong-Wook,Kim, Deok-Kyu,Kim, Hong-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

We have studied structural, optical, and electrical properties of the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films being usable in transparent conducting oxides. The AZO thin films were deposited on the corning 1737 glass plate by the RF magnetron sputtering system. To find optimal properties of AZO for transparent conducting oxides, the RF power in sputtering process was varied as 40 W, 60 W, and 80 W, respectively. As RF power increased, the crystallinity of AZO thin film was decreased, the optical bandgap of AZO thin film increased. The transmittance of the film was over 80% in the visible light range regardless of the changes in RF power. The measurement of Hall effect characterizes the whole thin film as n-type, and the electrical property was improved with increasing RF power. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of the AZO thin films were affected by Al dopant content in AZO thin film.

인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자의 유방암 치료 시 크기에 따른 반대 측 유방의 피폭 선량 및 차폐 효율 평가

김종욱,우헌,정현학,김경아,김찬용,유숙현,Kim, Jong Wook,Woo, Heon,Jeong, Hyeon Hak,Kim, Kyeong Ah,Kim, Chan Yong,Yoo, Suk Hyun 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

목 적 : 인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자가 유방암 방사선치료를 받을 경우 유방의 크기별로 치료 조사야와의 거리에 따른 치료반대 측 유방조직에 피폭되는 선량 및 차폐의 효율성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 인체팬텀(Rando-phantom)을 이용하여 유방 모형의 크기별 (200 cc ~ 500 cc) CT영상을 획득한 후 크기 별로 일 선량 180 cGy의 왼쪽 유방암 방사선 치료계획을 세웠다. 유방 모형이 커질수록 치료 반대 측 유방모형의 표면과 X선의 진행지점 사이에 발생하는 거리가 가까워지게 설정하였고, 체표에 입사하는 선속중심축을 기준으로 3 cm, 6 cm 떨어진 점에서 반대측 유방 표면에 수직으로 내린 거리를 각 A point, B point로 설정하였다. 그리고 유두지점에서 외측으로 2 cm 되는 점을 C point, 체표중앙에서 외측으로 6 cm 되는 점을 D point로 설정하였다. 유방 모형의 크기별로 각 측정지점에 MOSFET을 부착하여 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV의 X선 에너지로 조사하여 측정하였다. 이와 동일한 조건으로 납 2 mm의 두께로 차폐한 후의 선량 값과 납 2 mm 아래에 bolus 3 mm를 부착하여 차폐한 후의 선량 값을 얻었다. 결 과 : 유방 모형이 200 cc에서 500 cc로 커짐에 따라 유방 모형의 표면과 X선의 진행지점과의 거리가 A point에서는 2.14 cm에서 최대 1.23 cm으로 근접하였고 B point에서는 2.55 cm에서 1.31 cm으로 근접하였다. 유방 모형의 크기에 따라 180 cGy 기준으로 200 cc 대비 500 cc의 산란선 측정값이 A point에서 3.22 ~ 4.17%, B point에서 4.06 ~ 6.22%, C point는 0.4~0.5% 증가하였고, D point에서는 크기별로 측정값의 차이가 0.4% 미만이었다. X선 에너지가 커짐에 따라 6 MV 대비 15 MV X선에서 180cGy 기준으로 산란선이 A point에서는 4.06~5%, B point에서는 2.85~4.94%, C point에서는 0.74~1.65% 증가하였고, D point에서는 측정값 차이가 0.4% 미만이었다. 차폐체로 납 2 mm를 사용하였을 경우 A와 B point에서 평균 9.74%, C point에서 2.8%, D point에서 1% 미만의 산란선 감소효과가 있었고, 납과 bolus를 함께 차폐하였을 경우 A와 B point에서 평균 9.76%, C point에서 2.2%, D point에서 1% 미만의 산란선 감소효과가 있었다. 결 론 : 일반적으로 인공 유방 확대술을 받은 환자의 경우 유방의 크기에 따라 치료 반대편 유방 표면과 치료조사야의 거리가 가까울수록 유방 표면이 받는 산란선이 증가하였다. 동일한 크기의 유방 모형에서는 사용 X선 에너지가 커질수록 산란선에 의한 피폭이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 이는 사용 X선의 에너지 선택에 있어 유방암의 방사선 치료계획에서 허용되는 한도에서는 낮은 X선 에너지의 사용이 반대측 유방의 선량 감소에 유리할 것으로 여겨진다. Purpose : To evaluate the dose on a contralateral breast and the usefulness of shielding according to the distance between the contralateral breast and the side of the beam by breast size when patients who got breast implant receive radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : We equipped 200 cc, 300 cc, 400 cc, and 500 cc breast model on the human phantom (Rando-phantom), acquired CT images (philips 16channel, Netherlands) and established the radiation treatment plan, 180 cGy per day on the left breast (EclipseTM ver10.0.42, Varian Medical Systems, USA) by size. We set up each points, A, B, C, and D on the right(contralateral) breast model for measurement by size and by the distance from the beam and attached MOSFET at each points. The 6 MV, 10 MV and 15 MV X-ray were irradiated to the left(target) breast model and we measured exposure dose of contralateral breast model using MOSFET. Also, at the same condition, we acquired the dose value after shielding using only Pb 2 mm and bolus 3 mm under the Pb 2 mm together. Results : As the breast model is bigger from 200 cc to 500 cc, The surface of the contralateral breast is closer to the beam. As a result, from 200 cc to 500 cc, on 180 cGy basis, the measurement value of the scattered ray inclined by 3.22 ~ 4.17% at A point, 4.06 ~ 6.22% at B point, 0.4~0.5% at C point, and was under 0.4% at D point. As the X-ray energy is higher, from 6 MV to 15 MV, on 180 cGy basis, the measurement value of the scattered ray inclined by 4.06~5% at A point, 2.85~4.94% at B point, 0.74~1.65% at C point, and was under 0.4% at D point. As using Pb 2 mm for shield, scattered ray declined by average 9.74% at A and B point, 2.8% at C point, and is under 1% at D point. As using Pb 2 mm and bolus together for shield, scattered ray declined by average 9.76% at A and B point, 2.2% at C point, and is under 1% at D point. Conclusion : Commonly, in case of patients who got breast implant, there is a distance difference by breast size between the contralateral breast and the side of beam. As the distance is closer to the beam, the scattered ray inclined. At the same size of the breast, as the X-ray energy is higher, the exposure dose by scattered ray tends to incline. As a result, as low as possible energy wihtin the plan dose is good for reducing the exposure dose.

키르기즈스탄의 농업현황

김종욱,Kim Jong Wook 한국관개배수위원회 2002 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.9 No.2

도비도 농어촌 휴양단지 사업

김종욱,Kim Jong-wook 한국관개배수위원회 1998 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.5 No.1

원유 ( 原乳 )의 유질개선에 관한 연구 - 청주근교 유질을 중심으로 -

김종욱,김내수 ( Jong Wook Kim,Nae Soo Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.6

The physical, chemical and bacteriological qualities of the raw milk on handling stages, farms and seasons were investigated to make basic data on the improvement of raw milk quality. The bacteriological quality changes of raw milk according to handling stages were as follows: the number of live bacteria per milliliter milk were 180,000 before filtration, 320,000 after filtration, 6,100,000 before transportation to the milk plant and 8,100,000 at the dairy plant; the number of coliform bacteria per milliliter milk were 4,700 before filtration, 7,300 after filtration, 78,000 before transportation to the milk plant and 87,000 at the milk plant. It was discussed that the filtration process increased the number of bacteria because of contaminated filter clothes and breaking of dirt during filtration. The necessity for the introduction of bulk tanks and refrigerated truck tank was emphasized. The number of bacteria in cleaning water and equipments were as follows the number of live bacteria per milliliter were 30,000,000 in udder washing water in a band milking and 1,300,000 in a machine milking, 270,000 in a milking machine, 60,000/㎠ in filter clothes, 44∼1,200 in running water, however, there was no coliform bacteria in running water. The bacteriological quality of 179 samples collected from milk cans carried from 9 farms every month for a period of one year was as follows: the average number of live bacteria was 7,100,000/㎖, the ratio of Grade A milk with colony counts under 100,000/㎖ was 11% of the samples examined, and the ratio of a tolerable quality with colony counts under 2,000,000/㎖ was 55%; the average number of coliform bacteria was 310,000/㎖ and the ratio of coliform negative samples was only 3.4%. Although there were much differences between dairy farms in the raw milk quality, there was not much differences between seasons. It was suggested that the cleaning of barns and milking equipments was not properly done during cold winter season. The necessity of a campaign for the improvement of raw milk quality was emphasized.

정사각틀 초음파 모터의 변위 특성

김종욱,박충효,임정훈,정성수,김명호,박태곤,Kim, Jong-Wook,Park, Choong-Hyo,Lim, Jung-Hoon,Jeong, Seong-Su,Kim, Myong-Ho,Park, Tae-Gone 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.9

A novel design of a simple square-frame USM (ultrasonic motor) was proposed. The stator of the motor consists of a square-frame shape elastic body and four rectangular plate ceramics. The four ceramics were attached to inner surfaces of the square frame elastic body. The same phase voltages were applied to the ceramics on horizontal surfaces, and 90 degree phase difference voltage were applied to the ceramics on vertical surfaces. To find a model that generates elliptical motion at outside of the stator, the finite element analysis program ATILA was used. The analyzed results were compared to the experimental results. As result, the model EL10EH3ET0.5CL4 which generates the maximum elliptical displacement was chosen by analyzing the resonance mode according to changes in frequency.

미얀마의 농업

김종욱,Kim Jong Wook 한국관개배수위원회 2002 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.9 No.1

RF magnetron sputtering법으로 제조한 Al doped ZnO 박막의 산소함량과 압력변화에 따른 전기적 특성 변화

김종욱,김홍배,Kim, Jong-Wook,Kim, Hong-Bae 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2010 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The AZO thin films were deposited on the corning 1737 glass plate by the RF magnetron sputtering and effects of working pressure and oxygen contents on the electrical properties were investigated. XRD spectra showed a preferred orientation along the c-axis and a minimum FWHM for the 70mTorr. From the surface analysis (AFM), the number of crystal grain of AZO thin film increased as working pressure increased. The film deposited with 70mTorr of working pressure showed n-type semiconductor characteristic having suitable resistivity $-1.59{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}cm$, carrier concentration $-10.1{\times}10^{19}cm^{-3}$, and mobility $-4.35cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$ while other films by 7 mTorr, 20 mTorr of working pressure closed to metallic films. The films including the oxygen represent stoichiometric composition similar to the oxide. The transmittance of the film was over 85% in the visible light range regardless of the changes in working pressure and oxygen contents.

열처리한 SiOCH 박막의 결합모드와 유전상수 특성

김종욱,황창수,박용헌,김홍배,Kim, Jong-Wook,Hwang, Chang-Su,Park, Yong-Heon,Kim, Hong-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2009 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.22 No.1

We studied the electrical characteristics of low-k SiOCH interlayer dielectric(ILD) films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). BTMSM precursor was evaporated and introduced with the flow rates from 16 sccm to 25 sccm by 1 sccm step with the constant flow rate of 60 sccm $O_2$ in process chamber. The vibrational groups of SiOCH thin films were analyzed by FT!IR absorption lines, and the dielectric constant of the low-k SiOCH thin films were obtained by measuring C-V characteristic curves. The heat treatment on SiOCH thin films reduced the FTIR absorption intensity of the Si-O-$CH_3$ bonding group and Si-$CH_3$ bonding group but increased the intensity of Si-O-Si(C) bonding group. The SiOCH ILD films could have low dielectric constant $k\;{\simeq}\;2$ and also be reduced further by decreasing the $CH_3$ group density and increasing Si-O-Si(C) group density through annealing process.

WTO 뉴라운드 중 농업분야 협상내용의 이해

김종욱,Kim Jong Wook 한국관개배수위원회 2001 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.8 No.2