여성종양

이규섭,Lee, Kyu-Sup 한국생명보험의학회 1997 保險醫學會誌 Vol.16 No.-

간피막과 전복벽간에 직접 유착이 형성된 급성기 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis 증후군

이규섭 ( Kyu Sup Lee ),김정태 ( Jeong Tae Kim ),장호진 ( Ho Jin Jang ),신수일 ( Su Il Sin ),서동수 ( Dong Soo Suh ),박종훈 ( Jong Hoon Park ),장성규 ( Sung Kyoo Jang ),이동형 ( Dong Hyung Lee ),나용진 ( Yong Jin Na ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.10

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome means perihepatitis consisting of liver capsule inflammation without parenchymal damage associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The incidence of this syndrome in PID is reported to be 15-30%. It produces right upper quadrant pain from acute inflammatory reaction between liver capsule and adjacent peritoneum in acute phase, and later forms characteristic violin-string adhesions. Recently, it is suggested that marked hepatic subcapsular enhancement at arterial phase in contrast-enhanced CT has diagnostic value, but diagnostic laparoscopy is used as definitive diagnostic method in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. We have experienced one case of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome in women with right upper quadrant pain, which was diagnosed by CT imaging and was not improved by appropriate antibiotic therapy. In diagnostic laparoscopic examination, we have found direct adhesion between liver capsule and anterior abdominal wall and experienced improvement in symptoms after adhesiolysis. So, we report this case with the brief review of the literatures.

공배양이 초기배아 발달에 미치는 효과에 있어 Leukemia Inhibitory Factor의 역할 규명에 관한 연구

이규섭(Kyu Sup Lee),김상우(Sang Woo Kim),나용진(Yong Jin Na),이영아(Young Ah Lee),김하정(Ha Jung Kim),장성규(Sung Kyu Jang) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.7

목적 : LIF가 착상전 초기 생쥐배아의 발달에 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위하여 재조합 인간 LIF 에 대한 항체 및 재조합 인간 LIF를 이용하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구방법 : 과배란 유도 후 얻은 ICR 계통의 생쥐 1-세포기 배아를 인간 난관상피세포와 96시간 동안 CO2 배양기 (37 ℃, 5% CO2)에서 공배양하고, 대조군으로 1-세포기 배아를 0.4% BSA 를 함유한 HTF 배양액에서 배양하였다. 다음으로 인간 난관상피세포와의 공배양군에 anti-LIF antibody를 각각 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg, 1 ng씩 농도를 달리하여 첨가하여 anti-LIF antibody가 첨가되지 않은 인간 난관상피세포와의 공배양군에서의 배양결과와 비교하였다. 또한 0.4% BSA 를 함유한 HTF 배양액에 rhLIF 를 각각 2000 U, 1000 U, 100 U, 10 U씩 농도를 달리하여 첨가하여 LIF 가 첨가되지 않은 단순 배양액에서의 배양결과와 비교관찰하였다. 결과 : 1. 배양액(0.4% BSA가 첨가된 HTF)단독으로 배양한 경우보다 인간난관 상피세포를 이용한 공배양의 경우 배아의 난할정도가 의미있게 높았다(p<0.05). 2. 재조합 인간 LIF 에 대한 항체를 난관상피세포와의 공배양에 첨가한 경우 첨가한 항체의 농도가 높을수록 4-세포기 이후로의 난할율이 낮아지는 것을 볼 수 있었으며(p<0.05), 첨가한 항체의 농도가 1 ng이상인 경우에는 2-세포기 이후로는 난할이 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 2-세포기 정지가 일어난 ICR 계통의 생쥐배아 배양시 재조합 인간 LIF 를 첨가한 경우와 배양액 단독으로 배양한 결과를 비교하여 보았을 때 양군 모두 4-세포기까지는 난할이 일어나는 것을 볼 수 있었으나, 그 이상의 분화는 일어나지 않았고, 재조합 인간 LIF를 첨가한 군에서 분화정도가 의미있게 높았다(p<0.05). 결론 : 이상의 결과로 볼 때 공배양 동안 인간난관 상피세포에서 분비되는 LIF 는 착상전 초기배아의 발달에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자로 작용하나, 체외배양시에 재조합 인간 LIF 의 첨가만으로는 정상적인 배발생이 진행되지 않는 것으로 보아 공배양의 효과는 LIF 와 다른 인자와의 상호작용에 의해 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 재조합 인간 LIF 를 첨가한 배양액에서 2-세포기 억제가 극복되었다는 사실은 LIF 가 2-세포기 억제현상과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사하는 소견이라 생각된다. Objective : To assess the effect of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor on in vitro development of 1-cell ICR mouse embryo.Materials and Method : ICR mice were superovulated with PMSG/hCG and 1-cell stage mouse embryos were recruited. 1-cell mouse embryo were cocultured on human oviductal cells in a CO2 incubator (coculture group) and were cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media (control group). And anti-hLIF Ab was added to the cocultured group in a different concentration (1pg, 10pg, 100pg, 1ng) and developmental rate was compaired to the control group, and rhLIF was added to the preincubated 0.4% BSA+HTF media in a different concentration (2000U, 1000U, 100U, 10U) and its developmental rate was compaired to group which was cultured on 0.4% BSA+HTF media only.Result :1. The cleavage rate of 2-cell mouse embryo co-cultured with human tubal epithelial cell was significantly higher than that of cultured with media alone (HTF with 0.4% BSA) (p<0.05). 2. When LIF antibody was added to the medium with human tubal epitherlial cell, the mouse embryo could not cleave more than 2-cell in 1 ng of LIF antibody, and less than 1 ng, the cleavage rate was lower than cultured without LIF antibody group(p<0.05).3. Two cell blocked ICR mouse embryos were developed into four cells under LIF(p<0.05), but no further development was observed. Conclusion : These results shows that LIF enhances the development of preimplantation embryo, and when rhLIF is applicated in vitro, it has positive effects on the development of early mouse embryo and can help overcoming the two-cell block.

폐경 유무에 따른 대사 증후군의 구성 요소와 유병률의 차이

이규섭 ( Kyu Sup Lee ),김승철 ( Seung Chul Kim ),정주은 ( Ju Eun Jung ),주종길 ( Jong Kil Joo ),손정빈 ( Jung Bin Son ) 대한폐경학회 2012 대한폐경학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: Metabolic and endocrinologic alterations is developed at menopausal transition of women and these alterations can have an effect on prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and differences of components as menopausal status of women who visited our health screening clinic. Methods: We surveyed body sizes, blood pressures and other several blood tests from January 2006 to December 2010 in Pusan National University Hospital by retrospectively reviewing medical records. These results were compared as presence of metabolic syndrome and menopausal status. Differences of the components of metabolic syndrome as the menopausal status and occurrences of metabolic syndrome as the age and the menopausal status are investigated. Results: In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were 8.69% and 21.85%, respectively. More body weight, high body mass index and cholesterol were checked in women who have metabolic syndrome irrespective of menopausal status. Low high density lipoprotein was most prominent component of metabolic syndrome irrespective of menopausal status. Hypertension and high blood sugar were showed meaningful proportions in postmenopausal women. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was unrelated to the menopausal status by regressively analyze, but meaningfully increased related to aging. Conclusion: Menopausal alterations restrictively effect on occurrence of metabolic syndrome and aging is more effect on it. But more detailed and additional studies are needed about determining the relation of metabolic syndrome in women who surgically menopaused and receiving hormone therapy. (J Korean Soc Menopause 2012;18:155-162)

인간 난관상피세포의 공배양이 생쥐 초기배아의 체외성장에 미치는 영향

이규섭(Kyu Sup Lee),고형권(Hyeong Gweon Ko),신병섭(Byeong Sub Shin),이영아(Young A Lee),김상우(Sang Woo Kim),나용진(Yong Jin Na) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.6

목적 : 공배양술이 생쥐 초기배아의 발생에 미치는 효과를 조사하고, 공배양을 초기배아의 유전자 활성화 시기인 1-세포기 배아 전후에 적용하여 공배양의 시작시기와 기간이 배아발달에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 과배란 유도 후 얻은 ICR 계통의 생쥐 1-세포기 배아를 인간 난관상피세포와 96시간동안 CO2 배양기(37 ℃, 5 % CO2)에서 공배양하였으며, 대조군으로 1-세포기 배아를 0.4 % BSA를 함유한 HTF 배양액에서 단독배양하였다(실험 1). 생쥐 1-세포기 배아를 인간 난관상피세포와 공배양 후 hCG 주사시간을 기준으로 36, 44, 52, 60시간째 각각 0.4 % BSA를 함유한 HTF 배양액으로 옮겨 계속 배양하였으며(실험 2), 반대로 생쥐 1-세포기 배아를 0.4 % BSA를 함유한 HTF 배양액으로 먼저 배양한 후 hCG 주사시간을 기준으로 36, 44, 52, 60시간째 각각 난관상피세포와 공배양하였다(실험 3). 배양 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144시간 후에 각 배아의 난할 정도를 관찰하여 2-세포기, 4∼8 세포기, 상실배 및 포배 등으로 분류하였다. 결과 : 실험 1에서 2-세포기로 발생한 경우는 공배양군과 배양액 단독군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 그렇지만 4-세포기 이후의 발달율은 공배양군에서 배양액 단독군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 실험 2에서 4-세포기 이후의 배아발달율은 공배양의 처리시기에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였는데 hCG 주사 후 60시간군에서 포배까지의 배아발달율은 포배까지 계속 공배양을 한 군과 유의한 차이가 없는 반면, hCG 주사 후 60시간 이전에 공배양의 효과를 제거한 나머지 3개군은 포배기배아 발달율이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 실험 3에서 4-세포기 이후의 배아발달율은 공배양을 초기부터 시작할수록 높았으며, hCG 주사 후 52시간부터 공배양 했을 때 4-세포기 이후 포배까지의 배아발달율은 지속적으로 공배양을 한 군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 결론 : 배아의 발달율을 높이기 위해서는 초기부터 공배양을 시작하는 것이 좋으며, 특히 배아의 2차 핵분열이 일어나는 기간동안 공배양 환경을 지속시켜 주어야만 공배양에 의하여 2-cell block을 극복하여 포배이후까지의 배아발달에 도달할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objective: To examine the effects of coculture with human oviductal cells regarding the development of 1-cell stage ICR mouse embryos and to investigate the effects of duration and start time of coculture. Materials and Methods: ICR mice were superovulated with PMSG/hCG and 1-cell stage mouse embryos were recruited. 1-cell mouse embryos were cocultured on human oviductal cells in a CO2 incubator(coculture group) and were cultured on 0.4 % BSA+HTF media(control group)(Experiment 1). 1-cell mouse embryos were cocultured on human oviductal cells for 36, 44, 52, 60 hours after hCG IP respectively, and then were transferred to 0.4 % BSA+HTF media(Experiment 2). In comparison, 1-cell mouse embryos were cultured by using 0.4 % BSA+HTF media, and then were transferred to human oviductal cell coculture system using the same schedule(Experiment 3). Afterward, they were examined regarding the development to 2-cell, 4∼8 cell stage mouse embryos, morulas and blastocysts. Results: In experiment 1, the developmental rates to 2-cell embryos of coculture group and control group were 97.3 % and 98.7 %, respectively. After 2-cell embryos, coculture group showed significantly higher developmental rate than control group (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the developmental rates after 2-cell embryos showed the significant differences. The groups with coculture effects removed before post-hCG 60 hours showed significantly lower developmental rates (p<0.05). In experiment 3, the developmental rates after 2-cell embryos were higher when the coculture started at an earlier stage. Furthermore, the groups which were cocultured from post-hCG 52 hours exhibited significant lower developmental rate than the groups which were cocultured continuously (p<0.05). Conclusion: The coculture with human oviductal cell could improve the development of the embryos in vitro and might mimic the natural physiological condition better than media environment. The degree of improvement was more pronounced when the coculture started at an earlier stage and the duration of coculture was longer. More importantly, the changes of culture condition at post-hCG 52 hours in which secondary mitosis occurs, have significant detrimental effects on growth and development of mouse embryos.

위 질환의 장상피 화생에 대한 임상적 관찰

김용한(Yong Han Kim),이규섭(Kyu Sup Lee),이기호(Ki Ho Lee),김매자(Mae Ja Kim),권영표(Young Pyo Kwon) 대한소화기학회 1987 대한소화기학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The gastric problems are one of the most serious subjects of internal medicine in Korea. The endoscopic examination of stomach is more valuable than that of radiological means because the biopsy can be performed through fiberoptic gastroscope. In gastroscopic biopsy, the intestinal metaplasia is frequently found. The frequency and location of intestinal metaplasia are examined in this study. The general frequency of intestinal metaplasia is (20.6%) (46 cases) in all (223) biopsied cases. The peak incidence is 31.3% in sixth decade, whereas 13.3% in third decade. 40 cases (87.0%) of intestinal metaplasia is found in gastric antrum. So, we concluded that the intestinal metaplasia is more frequent in aged man and majorities of intestinal metaplasia are found in gastric antrum and 26.1% of the cases are complicated with chronic peptic ulcer.

한국인 원인 불명 조기 난소부전 환자에서 Inhibin-α 유전자+769 G/A돌연변이 유무

이경훈 ( Gyoung Hoon Lee ),최영민 ( Young Min Choi ),김종미 ( Jong Mi Kim ),김진주 ( Jin Ju Kim ),황규리 ( Kyu Ri Hwang ),구승엽 ( Seung Yup Ku ),이규섭 ( Kyu Sup Lee ),강병문 ( Byung Moon Kang ),윤병구 ( Byung Koo Yoon ),한명석 ( 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.8

목적: 한국인 원인 불명 조기 난소부전 환자들을 대상으로 inhibin-α 유전자내 +769 G/A 돌연변이의 빈도를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 40세 이전에 무월경과 1개월 간격으로 검사한 두 번의 난포자극호르몬 수치가 상승되어 있으며 다른 수술적 처치나 약물 요법, 면역 질환의 과거력이 없는 조기 난소부전 환자 100명을 대상으로 하였으며, inhibin-α 유전자내의 +769 G/A 돌연 변이 양상을 PCR 및 BbvI 제한효소를 이용한 RFLP를 시행하였다. 결과: 조기 난소부전 환자 100명을 모두에서 inhibin-α 유전자의 +769 G/A 돌연 변이를 발견할 수 없었다 (0/100=0.0%). 결론: 한국인 조기 난소부전 여성에서 inhibin-α 유전자의 +769 G/A 변이는 발견되지 않았다. Objective: To evaluate the incidence of the +769 G/A mutation of inhibin-α gene in Korean patients with idiopathic premature ovarian failure. Design: DNA analysis of the mutation. Methods: One hundred patients with idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF) were recruited. Patient with known causes of premature ovarian failure were excluded: cytogenetic abnormalities, prior chemotherapy, prior bilateral oophorectomy and autoimmune disease, etc. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the +769 G/A variant of Inhibin-α gene (INH- α) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism using restriction enzyme BbvI . Results: We didn`t find any case of +769 G/A variant in Inhibin-α gene in 100 Korean patients with idiopathic POF. Conclusion: This result suggests that in contrary to the recent data reported on the Asian population, the +769 G/A variant in inhibin-α gene may not exist in Korean patients with idiopathic POF.

Progesterone과 TGF-${\beta}1$에 의해 탈락막화가 유도된 인간 자궁내막세포의 삼차원 공배양이 2-세포기 생쥐배아의 체외발달에 미치는 영향

권욱현,김휘곤,이동형,고경래,이규섭,Kwon, Wook-Hyun,Kim, Hwi-Gon,Lee, Dong-Hyung,Ko, Kyung-Rae,Lee, Kyu-Sup 대한생식의학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.35 No.1

목 적: 자궁내막조직에서 분리한 상피세포와 기질세포를 삼차원 공배양을 통한 탈락막화 유도에서 성호르몬과 TGF-${\beta}1$의 역할을 알아보고 2-세포기 생쥐배아와 탈락막화가 유도된 자궁내막세포와의 공배양을 통하여 포배형성율, 부화율, 포배기배아의 내세포괴와 영양막세포수 및 부착율을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 연구방법: 인간 자궁내막조직에서 분리된 기질세포와 상피세포의 표지인자인 cytokeratin과 vimentin에 대한 면역조직 화학염색을 실시하여 분리를 확인하였으며, 성호르몬 우세환경 (progesterone, estrogen)에서 분리된 세포를 단일배양 혹은 3차원 공배양을 통하여 RT-PCR법으로 TGF-${\beta}1$, 수용체-1, -2, integrin-${\beta}3$, prolactin의 발현을 조사하였다. 배양액군을 대조군으로 하여 2-세포기 생쥐배아와 탈락막화 유도와 유도하지 않은 인간 자궁내막세포와의 공배양을 통하여 포배형성율, 부화율, 부착율과 부화된 포배의 영양막세포와 내세포괴수를 비교하였다. 결 과: 상피세포 표지인자인 cytokeratin과 기질세포 표지인자인 vimentin을 이용하여 면역조직화학염색을 한 결과 각각 95% 이상에서 양성반응을 나타내어 자궁내막조직으로부터 상피세포와 기질세포가 성공적으로 분리되었음을 확인하였다. 분리된 상피세포와 기질세포를 단일배양에서는 성호르몬의 조건에 관계없이 TGF-${\beta}1$과 수용체 type-1, type-2, integrin-${\beta}3$, prolactin mRNA가 발현되지 않았다. 공배양에서는 progesterone 우세환경일 경우 TGF-${\beta}1$ 수용체 type-2를 제외한 모든 mRNA가 발현하였으나 estrogen 우세환경에서는 TGF-${\beta}1$ 수용체 type-2와 prolactin이 발현되지 않았다. 2-세포기 생쥐배아를 배양액군, 비탈락막군 및 탈락막군으로 나누어 공배양하였을 때 포배기 발달율은 차이가 없었으나 부화율 (92%)과 부착율 (82%)은 탈락막군이 유의하게 높았으며 (p<0.05), 비탈락막군의 공배양에서 다수의 영양막세포가 투명대를 완전히 빠져나오지 않은 상태로 부착한 비정상형태를 보였다. 부화된 생쥐 포배기배아의 내세포괴수는 탈락막화에 관계없이 공배양한 포배의 내세포괴수가 유의하게 많았으며 (p<0.05), 영양막세포수는 탈락막군에서 배양액군과 비탈락막군보다 유의하게 많았다 (p<0.05). 결 론: 자궁내막조직에서 상피세포와 기질세포를 분리하여 다시 삼차원적 공배양을 통하여 progesterone (100 nM), estrogen (1 nM)과 TGF-${\beta}1$ (10 ng/ml)을 첨가하면 체외에서 탈락막화를 유도할 수 있으며, 탈락막화를 유도한 자궁내막 세포와 2-세포기 생쥐배아를 공배양하였을 때 탈락막화가 부화율, 부착율 및 영양막세포수에 유효한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 3-dimensional co-culture of human endometrial cells decidualized with progesterone and TGF-${\beta}1$ on the development of 2-cell mouse embryos. Methods: Stromal and epithelial cells isolated from human endometrial tissue were immunostained for cytokeratin and vimentin. Expression of TGF-${\beta}1$, its receptor-1, -2, integrin-${\beta}3$ and prolactin in mono or co-culture according to three different hormone conditions was investigated by RT-PCR. Differential staining was used to investigate the number of ICM and trophectoderm of hatched mouse blastocysts in different three conditions. Results: The immunohistochemical study was positive for cytokeratin or vimentin and confirmed that epithelial and stromal cells were isolated from endometrial tissue successfully. In co-culture, TGF-${\beta}1$, its receptor-1, integrin-${\beta}3$ and prolactin except TGF-${\beta}1$-r2 were expressed in progesterone dominant condition. The hatching and attaching rate were higher in the co-culture with decidualized cells (p<0.05). However, we observed that lots of the incomplete hatched blactocysts attached on non-decidualized cells. The ICM number of hatched mouse blastocysts was higher in co-culture with decidualized and non decidualized cells than media only culture (p<0.05). The trophectoderm number of hatched blastocyst was higher in the co-culture with decidualized cells than non-decidualized cells or media only culture (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of progesterone, estrogen and TGF-$\beta$ could induce decidualization of stromal and epithelial cells isolated from human endometrial tissue using 3-dimensional co-culture, and the decidualization of human endometrial cells could increase the hatching and attaching rate of 2-cell mouse embryos.

동결 전 단계적 노출처리방법이 유리화동결 및 초급속동결-융해 후 생쥐 성숙난자의 생존력에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김상우,이재익,김미경,이영아,이규섭,윤만수,Kim, Sang-Woo,Lee, Jae-Ik,Kim, Mi-Kyung,Lee, Young-Ah,Lee, Kyu-Sup,Yoon, Man-Soo 대한생식의학회 2000 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.27 No.2

Objective: This study was carried out to compare the effects of the stepwise exposure treatments on the morphological normality, fertilization and blastocyst formation rate of the frozen-thawed mouse mature oocytes by vitrification or ultra-rapid freezing and to use as a fundamental data for the cryopreservation of human oocytes. Materials and Methods: The morphological normality and fertilization rates of the vitrified and ultra-rapid frozen mouse mature oocytes after three-stepwise exposure treatments (1step, 3step and 5step) were observed. After choosing the 3step exposure treatment groups, we observed the morphological normality and fertilization, blastocyst formation rate of the vitrified and ultra-rapid frozen mouse mature oocytes. Results: The morphological normality and fertilization rates of the vitrified mouse mature oocytes after three-stepwise exposure treatments (1step, 3step and 5step) were 75%, 85%, 88% and 58%, 61 %, 54% respectively. There were no significant differences among treatments(p>0.05). The morphological normality and fertilization rate of the control was 92% and 65%. There were no significant differences in fertilization rate among control and treatments (p>0.05). The morphological normality and fertilization rates of the ultra-rapid frozen mouse mature oocytes after three-stepwise exposure treatments (1step, 3step and 5step) were 83%, 83%, 84% and 75%, 63%, 56% respectively. There were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The morphological normality and fertilization rate of the control was 95% and 67%. There were no significant differences among control and treatments (p>0.05). The morphological normality and fertilization rate of the vitrified or ultra-rapid frozen mouse mature oocytes after 3step exposure treatment were 69% and 75%, respectively. The blastocyst formation rate was 60% and 57%. The results did not differ significantly between vitrification and ultra-rapid freezing (p>0.05). Conclusion: As known in the above results, there were no significant differences in the fertilization and blastocyst formation rate of the frozen-thawed mouse mature oocytes by vitrification or ultra-rapid freezing among the control and treatments. It is suggested that vitrification and ultra-rapid freezing method were effective for the cryopreservation of mouse mature oocytes.

월반성 무월경에 대한 임상적 및 세포유전학적 고찰

최욱환(Ook Hwan Choi),이규섭(Kyu Sup Lee),윤만수(Man Soo Yoon),김원희(Won Whe Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.11

N/A The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of chromosomal or genetic causes of primary amenorrhea, and was made to assess the etiology of disorders in those patients whose chromosome appeared normal. Sixty eight patients with primary amenorrhea were evaluated clinically and cytogenetically, which were refered to our Cytogenetic Laboratory in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, from Aug. 1988 to Dec. 1996. The results were as follows. l. Out of 68 cases with primary amenorrhea, 40 cases (58.9%) had the normal chromosome constitutions and 28 cases (41.1%) had the abnormal chromosome constitutions including 46, XY. 2. Turner's syndrome was found in 25 cases (36.7%), consisting of 11 cases (16.1%) of 45,X, 3 cases (4.3%) of 46,X,i (Xq), 1 case (1.5%) of 46,X, inv (X), 1 case (1.5%) of 46,X, del (Xq), 1 case (1.5%) of 46,X, del (Xp), 1 case (1.5%) of 46,X, tel (Xq), 1 case (1.5%) of 45,X/46,XX, 1 case (1.5%) of 45,X/46,XY, 1 case (1.5%) of 45, X/47,XXX, 2 cases (2.9%) of 45,X/46,X, del (Xq), I case (1.5%) of 45,X/46,X, del (Xq), 1 case (1.5%) of 45,X/46,X, r (X). 3. 3 cases (4.3%) had the 46,XY chromosome constitution consisting of 2 cases (2.9%) of testicular feminization syndrome and 1 case (1.5%) of pure gonadal dysgenesis. 4. Among 40 patients whose chromosome are normal, the etiologies of amenorrhea were assumed to be caused by 11 cases (27.5%) of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (idiopathic), 10 cases (25.0%) of congenital absence of vagina, 5 cases (12.5%) of pure gonadal dysgenesis in order of frequency.