경기서부지역 로컬푸드 잔류농약 실태조사

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,이성남,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

경기 서부지역 로컬푸드 직매장에서 유통되고 있는 농산물 341건을 수거하여 잔류 농약 검사를 실시한 결과 30.8%인 105건에서 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 6건이 잔류허용기준을 초과하여 부적합률은 1.8%로 나타났으며 최근 3년간 평균 부적합률인 1.4%보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 조사대상 농산물 중 과일류와 채소류에서만 잔류농약이 검출된 것으로 나타났으며, 과일류는 34건 중 24건이 검출되어 70.6%, 채소류는 277건중 81건이 검출되어 29.2%의 검출률을 나타내었다. 검출된 농약은 acetamiprid 등 59종으로 총 208회 검출되었으며 검출범위는 0.01-2.38 mg/kg 이었다. 잔류농약이 검출된 105건의 농산물중 62건(59%)에서는 1종의 농약만 검출되었고 43건(41%)에서는 2종 이상의 농약성분이 검출되었다. 특히 복숭아에서는 14종의 농약이 동시에 검출되었으며 농약성분 중 dinotefuran이 21회로 가장 많이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약의 독성을 살펴본 결과 인축독성은 III급(보통독성)이 44회(21.2%), IV급(저독성)이 164회(78.8%) 검출되었고, 어독성은 I급 68회(32.7%), II급 14회(6.7%), III급 126회(60.6%) 검출된 것으로 나타났다. 5회 이상 검출된 다빈도 농약성분에 대한 노출량을 조사한 결과 위해지수는 2.8% 이하로 나타나 식이 섭취량에 따른 잔류농약의 위해도는 미미한 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we detected the presence of residual pesticides in 341 agricultural products collected from local food outlets in western Gyeonggi Province. Residual pesticides were detected in 105 (30.8%) samples. Six samples exceeded the legal limits for residual pesticides, resulting in a non-compliance rate of 1.8%, which was slightly higher than the average non-compliance rate of 1.4% in the last three years. Among the tested agricultural products, only fruits and vegetables were found to have pesticide residues, with 24 of 34 fruits (a detection rate of 70.6%) and 81 of 277 vegetables (a detection rate of 29.2%) testing positive. In total, 59 types of pesticides, including acetamiprid, which was detected 208 times, were detected and had a detection range of 0.01-2.38 mg/kg. Among the 105 agricultural products containing pesticide residues, a single pesticide was detected in 62 samples (59%) and two or more pesticides were detected in 43 samples (41%). In particular, 14 pesticides were detected in the same sample of peaches; dinotefuran was detected 21 times. Upon examining the toxicity of the detected pesticides, Class III pesticides (moderate toxicity) were detected 44 times (21.2%) and Class IV pesticides (low toxicity) were detected 164 times (78.8%). Class I, II, and III pesticides with fish toxicity were detected 68 (32.7%), 14 (6.7%), and 126 times (60.6%), respectively. Upon examining the exposure to high-frequency pesticide components detected five or more times, the hazard index was found to be ≤2.8%. Accordingly, the hazard of residual pesticides based on dietary intake was deemed insignificant.

올리브유의 잔류농약 모니터링 및 노출량 조사

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,이성남,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.4

A total of 100 commercially available olive oil products were analyzed for 179 pesticide residues using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The olive oil samples were mixed with organic solvents, centrifuged and frozen to remove fat, and pesticide residues were analyzed using the "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) method. The determination coefficient (R²) of the analysis method used in this study was ≥0.998. The detection limit of the method ranged 0.004-0.006 mg/kg and its quantitative limit ranged 0.012-0.017 mg/kg. The recovery rate (n=5) measured at the level ranging 0.01-0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg ranged 66.8-119.5%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was determined to be ≤5.7%, confirming that this method was suitable for the "Guidelines for Standard Procedures for Preparing Food Test Methods". The results showed that a total of 151 pesticides (including difenoconazole, deltamethrin, oxyfluorfen, kresoxim-methyl, phosmet, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin) were detected in 64 of the 100 olive oil products. The detection range of these pesticide residues was 0.01-0.30 mg/kg. The percentage acceptable daily intake (%ADI) of the pesticides calculated using ADI and estimated daily intake (EDI) was 0.0001-0.1346, indicating that the detected pesticides were present at safe levels. This study provides basic data for securing the safety of olive oil products by monitoring pesticide residues in commercially available oilve oil products. Collectively, the analysis method used in this study can be used as a method to analyze residual pesticides in edible oils.

고추씨 기름의 잔류농약 모니터링

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

2022년 8월부터 12월까지 시중에서 유통되는 고추씨기름 4건과 고추맛기름 36건에 대한 잔류농약 실태를 조사 하였다. 총 40건의 시료에 대해 179종의 농약을 모니터링한 결과 39건에서 14종의 농약이 검출되었으며 검출범위는 0.01-2.16 mg/kg이었다. 고추씨기름에선 10종의 농약이 27회 검출되었고 검출범위는 0.02-2.16 mg/kg 이었으며 고추맛기름은 9종의 농약이 94회 검출되었고 검출범위는 0.01-0.80 mg/kg 이었다. 가장 빈번하게 검출된 농약은 tebuconazole, ethion, difenoconazole이었으며 중국산 원재료를 사용한 제품에서 ethion이 다수 검출되었다. 국내 미등록 농약인 ethion은 경기도에서 최근 10년간 검출된 적이 없는 농약성분으로, ethion이 검출시 중국산 제품으로 판단할수 있는 지표물질로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 고추는 농약이 많이 사용되는 대표적인 농산물 중 하나로, 고추씨로 전이된 농약이 제거되지 않을 경우 고추씨기름에서 다양한 종류의 농약이 검출될 확률이 매우 높다. 따라서 고추씨기름의 안전성을 보장하기 위해선 지속적인 연구조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The status of residual pesticides was investigated in four pepper seed oil samples and 36 pepper-flavored oil samples oil distributed on the market from August to December 2022. A total of 179 pesticides were monitored in 40 samples, and 14 pesticides were detected in 39 of the samples, with a detection range of 0.01-2.16 mg/kg. In chili seed oil, 10 pesticides were detected 27 times with a range of 0.11-2.16 mg/kg, and in pepper-flavored oil, 9 pesticides were detected 94 times with a range of 0.01-0.80 mg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides were tebuconazole, ethion, and difenoconazole, with ethion being detected in large concentrations in products using Chinese raw materials. Ethion, an unregistered pesticide in the Republic of Korea, has not been detected in the Gyeonggi-do area in the past 10 years. It is thought that the detection of ethion can be utilized as an indicator of products made in China. Peppers are a representative agricultural product for which many pesticides are used, and if the pesticides transferred to pepper seeds are not removed, the probability of detecting various types of pesticides in pepper seed oil is very high. Therefore, continuous research is needed to ensure the safety of pepper seed oil.

한국에서 유통되는 화분식품의 잔류농약 함량 분석

김재관,손미희,조영선,한나은,최종철,이성남,박명기,박용배,김병태,Jae-Gwan Kim,Mi-Hui Son,Young-Sun Cho,Na-Eun Han,Jong-Cheol Choi,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park,Byeong-Tae Kim 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.4

To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

유통 텀블러 제품에서 용출되는 유해금속 안전성평가

장미경,손미희,박성희,조윤식,구은정,채선영,전종섭,이명진,Jang, Mi-Kyung,Son, Mi-Hui,Park, Sung-Hee,Cho, Yun-Sik,Ku, Eun-Jung,Chae, Sun-Young,Jeon, Jong-Sup,Lee, Myung-Jin 한국식품위생안전성학회 2022 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study evaluated the migrant and residue tests of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb) in 70 tumbler samples. The migration levels of hazardous metals in all the samples were within the migration limits outlined in the Korean standards and specifications for utensils, containers, and packages. Moreover, in all the tumbler samples, only Ni was detected in 0.5% citric acid solution of a food stimulant. The maximum level of Ni 0.0144 mg/L was 14.4% of the migrant specification (not more than 0.1 mg/L), which was relatively safe. The 0.5% citric acid solution was eluted at 4℃, 70℃, and 100℃ for 30 min, and only Ni was detected while testing for migration levels according to the temperature variations; all temperature conditions conformed to the standards. The level of Ni migration increased significantly with increasing migration temperature. Regarding the residue level outside the paint-coated tumbler samples, the Pb level was found to range from N.D. to 20638.1323 mg/kg. The risk of Ni was further estimated to be at a safe level of 0.00 to 0.01% compared to the %TDI as a result.

홈베이킹 조리기구에서 용출되는 유해금속 실태조사

박성희,김명길,손미희,서미영,장미경,구은정,채선영,박용배,Park, Sung-Hee,Kim, Myung-Gil,Son, Mi-Hui,Seo, Mi-Young,Jang, Mi-Kyung,Ku, Eun-Jung,Chae, Sun-Young,Park, Yong-Bae 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.3

2020년 경기도내 대형매장과 베이킹 전문매장 등에서 유통 중인 홈베이킹 조리기구 69건(폴리에틸렌테레프탈레이트(PET)제, 불소수지(FR)제, 가공셀룰로스제, 고무제, 종이제, 금속제, 유리제)을 대상으로 유해금속 9종(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 아연, 니켈, 안티몬, 게르마늄, 6가크롬, 알루미늄)의 용출량 및 알루미늄의 식품으로의 이행량을 조사하여 홈베이킹 조리기구의 안전관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 홈베이킹에서 사용되는 69건의 조리기구는 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전의 용출규격 기준에 모두 적합하였다. 금속제의 니켈이 최대 0.009 mg/L 검출되었으나 기준에 적합하였고 이외 유해금속은 불검출이었다. 규격 기준 이외의 금속에서 주로 용출된 유해금속은 알루미늄으로 7개의 재질에서 모두 용출되었으며, 4% 초산으로 용출된 종이제(1.417 mg/L)와 가공셀룰로스제(5.069 mg/L)에서 높은 용출량을 보였다. 홈베이킹에서 주로 사용되는 조리조건인 180℃, 30분 용출실험 결과, 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전에 따른 용출실험 대비, 종이제의 알루미늄의 용출량이 7.2배 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 이외 납 등 다른 유해금속이 추가로 검출되었다. 180℃, 30분으로 용출온도가 증가하여도 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장 공전의 용출규격 기준에는 모두 적합하였다. 알루미늄의 위해도 평가결과, 종이제 > 금속제 > FR제 > 고무제 및 유리제 > PET제 및 가공셀룰로스제 순으로 나타났으며, 전체 위해도는 0.000-0.045% 수준으로 국민생활건강에 위해를 끼치지 않는 안전한 수준으로 확인되었다. 홈베이킹 조리기구의 용출량 조사결과, 유해금속은 안전하게 관리되고 있는 것을 확인하였고, 본 연구의 결과는 향후 식품용 기구 및 용기·포장의 안전관리를 위한 과학적인 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this study we investigated the elution level of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), antimony (Sb), germanium (Ge), aluminum (Al) and hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) from 69 home-cooking utensils into a food stimulants. The results of migration testing according to the Korea standards and specifications for utensils, containers and packages showed values the allowable migrantion limits. Al was detected in all 7 utensil materials with the average concentration ranging from 0.002-5.989 mg/L. According to the migration conditions for (180℃, 30 min), the average concentration of Al in paper was 7.2 times higher than 25℃, 10 min (P<0.05). The results of migration testing at 180℃, 30 min were also below the allowable migrantion limits. When comparing with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of Al, the estimated weekly intakes (EWI) accounted for 0.000-0.045% for Al.

초등학생의 음란물 접촉 경험이 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

이병환(Lee, Byung-Hwan),손미희(Son, Mi-Hui) 한국열린교육학회 2009 열린교육연구 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생들 중에 음란물을 접촉한 경험을 가진 학생이 많으리라 보고, 이 아동들의 자아존중감에 차이가 나는지 고찰해 보고자 수행하였다. 이 연구를 위하여 ○○○도 ○시의 5개 초등학교 6학년 학생 480명을 임의 표집하여 설문을 배포하고 응답 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 남학생들이 여학생들 보다 음란물 접촉 빈도가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며 음란물을 접촉하는 빈도는 1주일에 한두 번, 음란물을 보는 시간은 10분 미만, 음란물을 접하는 장소로는 자기 집을, 우리나라에서 미성년자도 음란물을 접촉하기가 쉽다에 각각 가장 많은 쉽다에 각각 가장 많은 수가 응답하였다. 음란물 접촉 경험 하위 영역중 가정적 자아존중감이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 많은 선행 연구자들이 밝힌 바와 같이 음란물 중독이 초·중·고등학생들에게 심리·사회적 요인과 주변 환경에 영향을 받을 것이라는 예측에 부합하였다. 이 연구에서는 아동들이 가정의 화목정도나 부모님의 사랑, 인정, 대화 및 교감 등에 따라서 정서적·심리적 측면에서 많은 영향을 받으며 이러한 긍정적인 가정의 분위기가 아동의 자아존중감 형성에 많은 영향이 있음을 밝히고 있다. 이 연구를 통하여 음란물 접촉에 대한 보다 적극적인 교육적 대처가 필요함을 알 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to find the effects of sixth grade elementary school students' experience of approach to sexually obscene materials on their sexual consciousness and self-esteem from existence and non-existence of experience in approach to sexually obscene materials. The purpose also is to provide data for preventive education of sexually obscene materials at elementary schools, to find methods of guidance, and to provide basic data for improvement of self-esteem in children. To test research questions described above, 469 sixth grade elementary school students. In order to find actual conditions of subjects' approach to sexually obscene materials and the effects of experience of sexually obscene materials on sexual consciousness and self-esteem, processing of data was done using t-test, cross-tabulation analysis, χ2(chi-square) test. Results of this study are as follows. First, Children who have experience of approach to sexually obscene materials can be active in sexual actions and may awaken sexual impulses to induce sexual misconduct. Second, in terms of self-esteem according to experience of approach to sexually obscene materials, there was a difference in family self-esteem. With recent increase in doubleincome families, children who cannot receive warm attention and love from their mothers try to ease emotional emptiness and uneasiness by contacting computers, becoming naturally exposed to sexually obscene materials. In addition, the degree of family harmony was found to be an important variable that has strongest correlation effect with self-esteem, showing the fact that the degree of household peace and ordinary atmosphere at home are important to children and that they are strongly influenced by emotional and psychological aspects according to the love and recognition by their parents.

시판 과일,채소주스에 함유된 페놀성 화합물 함량 조사

정석문 ( Seok Moon Jeong ),손미희 ( Mi Hui Son ),이승철 ( Seung Cheol Lee ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 기초과학지 Vol.18 No.-

근적외선분광광도법을 이용한 식용유지의 산가, 요오드가, 지방산 정량법에 관한 연구

김재관(Jae-Kwan Kim),최옥경(Ok-Kyung Choi),황선일(Sun-Il Hwang),정진아(Jin-A Jeong),김윤성(Yun-Sung Kim),박신희(Sin-Hee Park),손미희(Mi-Hui Son),권혜정(Hye-Jung Kwon),이정복(Jung-Bock Lee),김종찬(Jong-Chan Kim) 대한환경위생공학회 2007 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The possibility of rapid quantitative analysis of AV(Acid Value), Ⅳ(Iodine Value) and fatty acids in vegetable oils with NIRS(Near-infrared spectroscopy) was evaluated. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS regression technique was developed and correlation coefficient of determination for AV, Ⅳ, C16:0, C16:0, C16:1, C16:2, C16:6, and C20:0 content were 0.9727, 0.997, 0.9805, 0.942, 0.9987, 0.9994, 0.9966, and 0.975 respectively. According to the data obtained from validation study, R² of contents of perilla, corn, soybean, rapaseed oils were 0.897, 0.993, 0.935, 0.707, 0.994, 0.996, 0.984, 0.798, SEP of contents of 0.185, 1.367, 0.899, 0.640, 1.498, 1.360, 0.476, 0.076 by MPLS. The results indicate that the NIRS procedure can potentially be used as a non-destructive analysis method for the rapid and simple measurement of AV, Ⅳ and fatty acids in vegetable oils.