흰쥐의 기관 평활근에서 Carbachol과 Epidermal Growth Factor에 의한 수축에 대한 Ketamine의 효과

김지웅,우남식,조성일 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.2

Background: It is well known that ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, inhibits smooth muscle contractions induced by high KC1 and receptar agonists such as carbachol, histamine and endothelin. It has been reported that the inhibitory effect is mediated by a decrease in Ca^(2+) influx through the plasma membrane in smooth muscle. However, the mechanism of action for ketamine is not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of ketamine on Ca^(2+) -dependent and -independent carbachol and epidermal growth factor (EGF) contractions was investigated in rat tracheal smooth muscle. Methods: Tracheal smooth muscle strips from Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in an organ bath with physiological salt solution (PSS, pH 7.4, 37℃). When high KC1 and carbachol (1, 10 μM) induced contraction and verapamil and ketamine attenuated contraction, and when EGF or carbachol alone and EGF plus carbachol in Ca free media induced contration and verapamil and ketamine inhibited contration, the changes in tention of the muscle ps were measured. Results: 1) Ketamine inhibited the contractions stimulated by high KC1 (70 mM) and carbachol (1, 10 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was more marked in the 1 μM carbachol preparation than in the 10 pM carbachol pvparation. 2) Although the contraction induced by carbachol (1 pM) was attenuated by verapamil (10 μM), a voltage-dependent Ca²+ channel blocker, the degree of inhibition was not complete, but only partial. The verapamil-insensitive portion of the contraction induced by carbachol was completely inhibited by the cumulative application of ketamine. 3) EGF (I mg/ml), a tyrosine kinase-associated growth factor, or carbachol alone did not induce contraction in Ca^(2+) -free PSS (1 mM EGTA). However EGF plus carbachol contracted tracheal smooth muscle in the Ca^(2+)-free media and it was completely inhibited by ketamine but not by verapamil. Conclusions: These results suggest that ketamine inhibits the smooth muscle contraction including both verapamil-sensiti -insensitive Ca^(2+) increments and by Ca^(2+)-independent contraction mechanisms.

내시경 점막하 박리법으로 치료된 만성 위 호산구성 농양 1예

김지웅,이영재,정금모,조용근,주명진,조진웅,이용웅 대한소화기내시경학회 2007 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.35 No.1

Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of raw fish infected with anisakis larvae. The endoscopic features of the gastic mucosa are edema, ulceration and hemorrhage. Chronic gastric anisakiasis forming a submucosal tumor is rare. A 53-year old female was diagnosed with having a 1 cm sized gastric submucosal mass-like lesion by gastroscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed an inhomogenous low echoic tumor with an irregular margin in the submucosal layer. The patient underwent an endoscopic submucosal dissection and band ligation. A serological assay with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for an anisakiasis specific IgG antibody were positive. The pathological finding of the resected mass was centrally denatured larvae with eosinophilic abscess in the submucosal layer. We report a case of chronic gastric anisakiasis that presented as a gastric submucosal tumor that was removed by the endoscopic submucosal dissection method, with a review of the relevant literature. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2007;35:33-37) 아니사키스증은 아니사키스 유충에 감염된 어류를 생식했을 때 유발되는 기생충 질환이다. 상부 위장관 내시경 소견은 급성기에 점막의 발적과 미란, 궤양, 출혈이며, 만성 위 아니사키스증의 내시경소견은 아니사키스 유충이 점막하층에서 변성되어 호산구성 농양을 형성하여 점막하 종양의 형태를 보인다. 평소 바다회 및 붕장어를 즐겨 먹던 53세 여자가 간헐적인 상복부 동통을 주소로 내원하였다. 상부 위장관 내시경 검사에서 위 전정부에 점막하 종양의 양상을 보이며 내시경 초음파 촬영술에서 비균질한 저에코의 종괴가 점막하층에 관찰되어 병변의 진단 및 치료목적의 내시경 점막하 박리법 및 밴드결찰술을 시행하여 만성 위 아니사키스증에 의한 호산구성 농양으로 진단하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

Bioinformatics Interpretation of Exome Sequencing: Blood Cancer

김지웅,이윤경,김남신 한국유전체학회 2013 Genomics & informatics Vol.11 No.2

We had analyzed 10 exome sequencing data and single nucleotide polymorphism chips for blood cancer provided by the PGM21 (The National Project for Personalized Genomic Medicine) Award program. We had removed sample G06 because the pair is not correct and G10 because of possible contamination. In-house software somatic copy-number and heterozygosity alteration estimation (SCHALE) was used to detect one loss of heterozygosity region in G05. We had discovered 27 functionally important mutations. Network and pathway analyses gave us clues that NPM1, GATA2, and CEBPA were major driver genes. By comparing with previous somatic mutation profiles, we had concluded that the provided data originated from acute myeloid leukemia. Protein structure modeling showed that somatic mutations in IDH2, RASGEF1B, and MSH4 can affect protein structures.

경로 찾기 알고리즘에서 신뢰성 있는 속도 정보를 생성하기 위한 효과적인 이상치 제거 방법

김지웅,조석현,최경일,이석룡 한국경영과학회 2015 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

Speed of vehicles in each road segment is significant information for a traffic management system, especially for the navigation systems. However, usual traffic information may include an outlier, such as a GPS error and an erroneous record, which frequently causes the unreliability of speed. This paper suggests the effective elimination method of outlier for generating the reliable speed information in path location algorithm. Most existing methods eliminate an outlier considering the distribution of speed data within a single time slot. However, such methods may have the problem that the speed in a specific slot is isolated or significantly different from those in adjacent slots since they do not consider the continuity of time. Our method is designed to eliminate an outlier by considering the speed information of adjacent time slots, and to apply the smoothing operation to the speed information in neighboring slots. Experiment shows that the proposed method achieved the considerable effectiveness in generating the speed information

주주의 전환사채발행 유지청구권에 관한 연구

김지웅 한국경제법학회 2023 경제법연구 Vol.22 No.2

최근 상장회사들의 전환사채 발행 실태를 살펴보면, 주주외의 자에 대한 사모 형태의 발행이 주류를 이루고 있다. 이 경우 주식가치 희석화 등 기존 주주의 이익이 침해될 수 있는데, 상법은 이를 보호하기 위하여 회사가 전환사채를 발행할 때 절차적ㆍ실체적 요건을 갖추도록 규정하고 있다. 그리고 전환사채 발행 회사가 법령 또는 정관상의 내용을 위반하거나 현저하게 불공정한 방법으로 전환사채를 발행할 경우를 대비하여 상법은 주주의 사전 구제 수단으로 유지청구권을 규정하고 있다. 유지청구권은 전환사채의 납입기일까지 행사할 수 있으므로, 주주가 유지청구권을 제대로 행사할 수 있으려면 회사의 전환사채발행 사실을 납입기일 전에 미리 알 수 있어야 한다. 그런데 상법은 전환사채를 주주외의 자에게 발행하는 경우 신주의 제3자 배정의 경우와는 달리 주주에 대한 사전 통지ㆍ공고를 규정하지 않고 있다. 한편 「자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률」(이하 ‘자본시장법’이라 한다)은 증권신고서(공시)가 수리되지 아니하면 발행인이 전환사채와 같은 증권을 모집을 할 수 없도록 하는데, 사모 발행의 경우 이러한 규정이 적용되지 않는다. 또한 사업보고서 제출대상법인은 전환사채발행의 결정이 있을 경우 그 다음날까지 주요사항보고서를 공시해야 하는데, 신주발행의 경우와는 다르게 납입기일을 기준으로 공시 기한이 설정되어 있지 않다. 이에 따라 최근 상장회사들의 전환사채 발행 형태를 보면, 회사는 발행 결정일과 근접하여 납입기일을 설정하고, 납입기일 근처에 전환사채 발행 사실을 공시하는 경우가 다수이다. 전환사채의 주주외의 자에 대한 발행은 향후 주식으로 전환될 수 있어 신주의 주주외의 자에 대한 배정과 그 성격이 유사한 점, 법상 주주의 유지청구권이 규정되어 있는 이상 이를 실효성 있게 행사할 수 있도록 제도적 뒷받침이 필요한 점, 일본 등 타국 입법례에서는 주주에 대한 사전 통지ㆍ공고를 의무화하고 있는 점 등을 감안할 때 주주에 대한 사전 통지ㆍ공고를 절차적으로 의무화하는 것이 타당하다고 생각한다. 구체적으로는 성격이 유사한 신주발행의 경우와의 균형을 고려하고, 전환사채 발행을 통한 신속한 자금조달의 필요성을 감안할 때 신주의 주주외의 자에 대한 배정의 경우와 마찬가지로 상법상 주주에 대한 사전 통지ㆍ공고를 의무화하되, 자본시장법상 사업보고서 제출대상법인의 경우 납입기일 7일 전에 주요사항보고서를 제출(공시)한다면 위 사전 통지ㆍ공고 의무를 면하도록 하는 방안이 타당하다고 생각한다. n recent cases of convertible bond issuance by listed companies, it is mainly issued through the third-party allocation method to individuals other than shareholders. In this case, there may be concerns about dilution of the stock value for existing shareholders. The Commercial Act stipulates that when a company issues convertible bonds to individuals other than shareholders, it must meet procedural and substantive requirements to protect the interests of existing shareholders. In the event that a company violates such legal provisions or the contents of its articles of incorporation, or issues convertible bonds through significantly unfair methods, the Commercial Law applies the injunction of shareholders as a pre-emptive remedy in the issuance of new shares. The injunction to maintain ownership can be exercised until the payment date of the convertible bonds. Therefore, for shareholders to properly exercise this, they need to be informed in advance about the issuance of convertible bonds. However, considering the recent issuance practices of listed companies, shareholders only become aware of the issuance when the company discloses a major event report stating its decision to issue convertible bonds. In most cases, this disclosure occurs only after the payment date, making it difficult for the injunction to be effectively exercised. Unlike the case of third-party allocation of new shares, the Commercial Act does not specify the requirement for prior notice or announcement to shareholders when issuing convertible bonds to individuals other than shareholders. The ‘Capital Market and Financial Investment Business Act’ (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Capital Market Act’) stipulates that if a securities report (disclosure) is not filed, the issuer cannot conduct a public offering. However, this provision does not apply to private placements. Furthermore, for corporations subject to submission of business reports, if a decision to issue convertible bonds is made, they must disclose a major event report by the following day. Unlike new share issuances, there is no specific disclosure deadline based on the payment date. As a result, companies often set the payment date close to the issuance decision date and disclose the information around the payment date. In considering the issuance of convertible bonds to third parties, there are similarities to the allocation of new shares to third parties, and it is important to have institutional support to effectively exercise shareholders’ injunction. Taking into account legislative examples in Japan that regulate prior notice and announcements, it is reasonable to include provisions for prior notice and announcements to shareholders in the Commercial Act. Specifically, for special bonds like convertible bonds, it is necessary to consider the urgency of raising funds. Additionally, considering the similarity to new share issuances and the need for balance, and taking into account the active disclosure regime, it is reasonable to apply the prior notice and announcement provisions in the Commercial Act, similar to the current practice for new share issuances. However, it is also reasonable to amend the Capital Market Act to exclude the requirement for prior notice and announcements for corporations subject to submission of business reports when they submit major event reports 7 days before the payment date.

경로 찾기 알고리즘에서 신뢰성 있는 속도 정보를 생성하기 위한 효과적인 이상치 제거 방법

김지웅,조석현,최경일,이석룡 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

Speed of vehicles in each road segment is significant information for a traffic management system, especially for the navigation systems. However, usual traffic information may include an outlier, such as a GPS error and an erroneous record, which frequently causes the unreliability of speed. This paper suggests the effective elimination method of outlier for generating the reliable speed information in path location algorithm. Most existing methods eliminate an outlier considering the distribution of speed data within a single time slot. However, such methods may have the problem that the speed in a specific slot is isolated or significantly different from those in adjacent slots since they do not consider the continuity of time. Our method is designed to eliminate an outlier by considering the speed information of adjacent time slots, and to apply the smoothing operation to the speed information in neighboring slots. Experiment shows that the proposed method achieved the considerable effectiveness in generating the speed information

도깨비바늘 꽃 성분의 항산화 및 간보호 효과

김지웅,이어진,김윤철,변에리사,안인파,권태오,정길생 한국생약학회 2009 생약학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Activity-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of flowers of Bidens bipinnata L. have been furnished five flavonoids, sulfuretin(1), butein(2), 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone(3), maritimetin(4) and okanin(5). All of the compounds showed significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect. The evaluation for protective effect of isolated compounds against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived Hep G2 cells was conducted. Compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 showed significant protective effects with the EC50 values of 36.1±0.9, 23.3±0.7, 41.0±1.0 and 29.8±1.1 µM, respectively. Silybin, one of the well-known hepatoprotective agents, used as a positive control, and also showed protective effect with an EC50 value of 84.3±0.7 µM.

이동로봇의 저비용 위치추정을 위한 효율적인 인공표식 배치기법

김지웅,정우진,Kim, Jiwoong,Chung, Woojin 한국전기전자학회 2013 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

인공표식은 이동로봇의 위치추정에서 불확실성을 감소시키기 위해 널리 사용되어 왔다. 또한, 사용되는 인공표식의 수가 증가함에 따라 위치추정 비용이 증가하기 때문에, 인공표식의 효율적 배치를 위한 연구는 핵심적인 이슈중 하나로서 여겨져 왔다. 따라서 본 논문은 운동모델과 센서모델의 불확실성 특성을 고려함으로써 인공표식들을 효율적으로 배치하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 운동모델과 센서모델은 서로 다른 불확실성 분포를 가지기 때문에, 최종 불확실성은 두 가지 불확실성의 효율적 조합을 통해 크게 감소될 수 있다. 제안한 기법의 유용성은 시뮬레이션 결과에 의해 입증된다. Artificial landmarks have been widely used for reducing the uncertainty in localization of a mobile robot. In addition, research for efficient placement of artificial landmarks has been considered as one of the fundamental issues since the cost of localization is increased with the number of used landmarks. Therefore, this paper proposes a method in which landmarks are efficiently placed by considering the uncertainty characteristics of the motion model and the sensor model. Because two models have different uncertainty distributions, the final uncertainty can be considerably reduced through their efficient combination. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation results.

일성록 전최 계본(殿最啓本) 번역 방법론의 모색

김지웅 한국고전번역원 2022 民族文化 Vol.62 No.-

This paper aims to present the translation methodology for Ilsungnok( 日省錄 ), especially Jeonchoigyebon(「殿最啟本」), which contains various articles, the work performance evaluations of the government officials of the Joseon dynasty. The official’s evaluation sentence is written just in 8 or 4 characters. with a high density, unique grammar and vocabulary, and requires a precise knowledge of local administration. Therefore, it is necessary to secure enough samples and build a database for comparison. It specifies the actual meaning by looking at which letters are placed near which letters and with which letters share the meaning and form a relationship. Based on this, the translated language is confirmed by checking related examples in historical records. This work can also give some insight into the translation method of Ilsungnok's other articles. The reason for the mistranslation of Jeonchoigyebon(「殿最啟本」) is not to comprehend properly the structure, vocabulary, grammar, and usage of each performance evaluation title, In conclusion, Jeonchoigyebon(「殿最啟本」) can be properly translated, if you: first, build the database of usage of performance evaluation titles; second, through inspection and comparison, grasp the semantic network formed between characters; third, confirm the usage of characters used in the collected documents — this seems to be the best way to translate properly the titles of the work performance evaluation To confirm the efficiency of this method, the usage of the characters ‘檢’ and ‘略’ is analyzed. It is hoped that the above discussion may give an implication for the translation of other articles listed in Ilsungnok( 日省錄 ). 본고는 일성록에 수록된 각종 기사에 대한 각각의 번역 방법론을 모색할 필요성을 제기하는 관점에서, 일성록에 수록된 정조·순조대 전최 계본을 대상으로 번역 방법론 및 그 실례를 시범적으로 제시함으로써 향후 일성록 번역의 발전적인 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 일성록 번역의 현황을 검토하면 특정 기사에서 오역률이 높으며 역자에 따라 격차가 큰 문제가 주목되는데, 그 대표적인 사례가 전최 계본이다. 전최 계본은 관사에서 관원에 대해 고과한 문서를 말하는데, 관원의 실적을 8자 또는 4자에 압축하기 때문에 1자의 밀도가 높고 독특한 문법과 어휘가 있으며 수령 행정에 대한 지식을 요하여 번역 난이도가 높다. 일성록 전최 계본 번역의 문제는, 포폄 제목의 구조를 제대로 파악하지 못한 문제, 어휘를 정확하게 파악하지 못한 문제가 있는데, 어휘의 경우, 지방관의 근무 태도나 실무와 관련된 어휘의 오류와 포폄 제목의 문법과 용례의 오류로 구분할 수 있다. 문법과 용례의 경우, 행위의 주체를 잘못 파악한 주체의 오류, 포와 폄을 반대로 해석한 포폄의 오류가 있다. 전최 계본의 번역 방법은, 데이터베이스를 구축하여 포폄 제목을 충분히 확보하여 비교하고, 주위에 어떤 글자들이 놓였는지, 어떤 글자들과 의미망을 공유하며 관계망을 형성하는지를 살핌으로써 의미를 특정해낸 뒤 이를 바탕으로 사료에서 용례를 확인하여 번역어를 확정하는 방법이 유효하다. 예시로 ‘檢’과 ‘略’의 사례를 분석하여 그 유효성을 확인하였다. 이 논의는 일성록의 다른 기사의 번역 방법의 모색에도 일정한 시사점을 줄 수 있다.

제자리 비행 로터 유동장 해석의 격자 영향

김지웅,박수형,유영훈,김유진,권장혁 한국항공우주학회 2008 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-