Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암연구소 2006 암연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.-

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472)

私有林 經營의 合理化에 關한 硏究

姜聲然 全北大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In this study prospect and trend for the rationalized management of private forests in the future were discussed and concluded as follows: 1. Private forest management should be emphasized on the improvement of stand with the intensive care after reforestation refering to the failure and success in the previous silvicultural practice. It is recommended that hardwood forests be changed gradually into mixed forests and that coniferous pure forests should be avoided. In view of high commercial value of hardwood species at the timber market, a mixed forest of hardwoods with conifers has many advantages in production of various timber and decorative woods as well as in improving soil fertility and forest diseases and insects resistance. 2. More active campaigns and education should be conducted with various and strong forest protection policy so that our nation may have a spontaneous love of forest. 3. Construction of forest roads is required for the rural development and intensive management of forests as in Germany and Japan which emphasize cooperative management of forest land and the production of valuable logs in spite of small scale ownership of forest. 4. The rate of plantation forests occupy 67.4% in special management area whereas natural forests are 83.8% in common management area. In working plans about 20% of the total area was assigned to the regeneration cutting for changing species in the former but only 0.2% in the latter. However, the special management area is no more than 300,000ha out of 4,800,000ha in the private forests and it is desirable that owners of large scale private forests should be encouraged to prepare the special working plan for the rationalized management of private forests. 5. It seems that owner's desire of forest management and production is discouraged because of the tight cutting regulation. Therefore, the cutting amount should be flexible in order to cut timber in right time if working plan is reasonably admitted by the accurate forest survey. 6. 4,360,000ha out of private forests (4,800,000ha) are stocked and 50% of the stocked area is coniferous. On the other hand age classes I and II occupy 62% and 30% of the stoked area, respectively. Age classes higher than III occupy only about 10%, leaning too much concentrated on the younger age classes. The pure forests of conifers may bring good profits but decrease soil fertility. The biased distribution of age classes in area is a factor which makes the sustained yield management impossible. 7. Average growing stock per ha is 16.4㎥ as a whole, and 11.4㎥ in private forest. Private forests occupy 72.6% in area, but less than 50% in growing stock. In viewing of the trend of growth by forest type and age classes, coniferous are comparable to the lowest site index 6 in the yield table of Kangwon pine forests and hardwood forests are similar to the low site class of Kyungi oak forests, showing that private forests are low in site quality. Therefore, forest soil fertility should be improved to increase forest products. 8. Curvilinear regression equations to estimate growing stock per ha at different age classes are as follows; Y^ = -30.56+4.94X-0.04X^2 in conifers, and Y^ = -22.46+4.06X-0.04X^2 in hardwoods. Where Y is estimated yield and X age class. From the equations final yields per ha are 103.04㎥ in conifers at 40 years and 42.74㎥ in hardwoods at 20 years. 9. From the regression equations total coniferous stock is estimated to 415 million ㎥ in 40 years, 92.7%(approx. 380 million ㎥) of which would come from the present young age classes and the rest from the age class higher than III, showing too much biased final yield. Total hardwood growing stock is to be 96 million ㎥, 34.8% of which would be resulted from the over-aged stands of the present age class III and higher ones. 10. It is inevitable to harvest the present young class by clear-cutting at the same period when they reach rotation age and it would cause an unbalance in the demand-supply of woods and in planting area at that period. Therefore, an adjustment of the final yield on the basis of volume and area at each age class is urgently needed. 11. Domestic wood demand showed a tendency of gradual increase every year from 1965 to 1976 and a linear regression equation could be calculated as follows; Y = -19331.11+311.18 X. Where Y denotes wood demand in ㎥ and X year. From this equation domestic wood demand in 2000, 2010 and 2020 was estimated to be 11,786,000㎥, 14,898,000㎥ and 18,001,000㎥, respectively. 12. Annual growth rate estimated from the curvilinear regression equation is 5.0% and average rate of growth estimated from the different diameter groups throughout the country is 4.7%. If the cutting rate different diameter by 1%, the annual rate of increase in growing stock would be 4.0% and 3.7%, respectively. 13. From the view-point of long term wood demand-supply based on the growing stock, the annual growth rate and consumption, it was estimated that the annual growth would appro ximately equal the annual wood demand 5 years before and after 2007, and the annual growth would surpass the annual wood demand afterwards. 14. From the above results silvicultural systems applicable to coniferous species in private forests are thought to be modified clear-cutting, shelter-wood, and selection cutting methods. In clear-cutting, the seed-tree method or the reserve seed-tree method is recommended. In case of shelterwood method, amount and period of harvest in preperatory cutting, seed-cutting and removal cutting should be determined by the forest structure and demand of wood. In the selection cutting it is desirable to employ the method of co-dominant thinning in order to produce good timber and to induce multiple-layered forests. As a result a sustained yield management would be realized and the demand-supply of wood would be balanced so that it would contribute a great deal to the private forest management.

의료관계 해부 감정예의 분석적 연구(I) : 1990년 국립과학수사연구소 감정예

姜信夢,李垣兌,李漢榮,尹順雄,全基悳,金相鉉,徐在冠,尹重鎭 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

A study of 118 autopsy cases associated with medical care in 1990 was present according to the medical department, the mode of treatment and the cause of death. The Pediatrics showed the highest rate (25.4%), followed by the Obstetrics & Gynecology (22.9%), and Internal medicine (20.2%). According to the mode of treatment, medical accidents during operation and anesthesia were 29 cases (24.6%) with highest rate in Obstetrics & Gynecology (13 cases), 38 cases (32.2%) were during medication and/or injection with highest rate in Internal Medicine (18 cases), and 51 cases (43.2%) were during general medical practice with highest rate in pediatrics (19 cases). The most prevalent cause of death was the disease of respiratory system (34.9%, 30 cases) and the diseases of cardiovascular and urogenital system accounted for 31.4% and 11.6% respectively. The main cause of death in Internal medicine was the disease of cardiovascular system (11/24 cases), the respiratory system in pediatrics (15/30 cases) and the disease of urogenital system in Obstetrics & Gynecology (9/27 cases. ) Asphyxial deaths were 7 cases and the death due to adverse drug reaction accounted for 10 cases.

FCD60과 Cu-Sn합금과의 확산접합에 관한 연구

강정윤,이상래,최종천 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

FCD60과 Cu-Sn합금의 확산접합 기술을 확립하는 것을 목적으로 진공분위기에서 0.294MPa의 하중을 가하면서 접합온도와 접합시간, 접합면의 조도를 달리하여 접합한 경우, 접합조건에 따른 접합여부, 접합부의 미세조직 변화로부터 접합과정 및 접합기구와 접합부의 경도 및 인장성질에 대하여 검토하였다. 973K 이상의 접합온도에서는 0ks에서도 접합이 이루어지지만, 1123K에서 2.4ks이상 유지하면, Cu-Sn합금이 좌굴되고, 분말상으로 붕괴되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이것은 Sn의 편석된 부분이 접합온도에서 용융하여 발생한 것으로 생각된다. FCD60과 Cu-Sn합금의 접합과정은 다음과 같이 이루어진다. 접합초기에는 주철의 ?부분과 접촉하는 면에서 구형의 보이드가 생기고, 유지시간이 증가함에 따라 Cu-Sn합금의 크립변형에 의해 주철의 凹 내부로 침투하여 구형의 보이드가 축소되고, 평활한 면끼리 만나는 부분에서는 FCD60도 다소 크립변형하여 접촉면적을 증가시킨다. 중기에는 확산에 의해 미세한 보이드가 소멸하고, 계면에 존재하는 흑연이 계면이동을 방해하여 접합계면이 주철의 표면 형상과 유사한 모양으로 된다. 후기에는 접합계면에서 기지의 성분이 사오확산하고, 고용하여 계면반응에 의해서 이동이 생긴다. 접합부의 인장강도는 Cu-Sn 모재 강도의 45%∼55%이었고, 파단은 모두 접합부 근방에서 일어났다. 저하원인으로는 접합계면에 Sn 편석으로 접합 시 국부용융에 의한 보이드가 존재하기 때문인 것으로 추측되었다. This study is aimed at establishing the basis of diffusion bonding of FCD60/Cu-Sn alloy. Diffusion bonding was performed under vacuum of 10-4torr, a load of 0.294Mpa, and a temperature between 923K∼1123K. The microstructure of the joints were observed by using optical microscope and SEM, and analysed by EDX and WDX. The tensile properties of the joints was measured. In the early stage of the bonding, spherical voids were formed in interface contacting grooves of FCD60. With increasing of holding time, spherical voids were reduced by penetration of Cu-Sn alloy in groove of FCD60 and in the interface contacting smooth plane of FCD60, contacting area was increased by creep deformation of FCD 60. And then micro voids were disappeared by diffusion and interface formed similar surface shape of FCD60. In the final stage, interface was moved by interdiffusion of component of FCD 60 and Cu-Sn alloy. Tensile strength of joints was obtained about 45∼55% of strength of Cu-Sn alloy

Au를 공침한 SnO₂후막센서의 가스 감응 특성

성정훈,강대원,이윤수,임준우,홍영호,이덕동 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

High selective and sensitive thick film type methane gas sensors were fabricated and their sensing characteristics for various hydrocarbon gases were investigated. Raw material, SnO_(2)/Au, prepared by coprecipitation was even grain size. SEM, TEM, BET and XRD analyses were carried out for investigation of surface morphology and crystalline structure. The thick film devices using the above materials exhibited high sensitivity to methane gas at the operating temperature of 400°C. The sensitivity of SnO_(2)/Au+Pd thick film devices to methane gas was higher than that to the other hydrocarbon gases such as iso-butane and propane. The optimal adding amounts of Au and Pd were 1wt.% and 3wt.%, respectively. The sensitivity, S, is defined as {(R_(A)-R_(G))/R_(A)}><100, which R_(A) and R_(G) are resistance in air and that in the gas ambient, respectively.

SGML과 HTML에 의한 문헌 구조화 비교 연구 : 정보 서비스 모델 중심으로

강윤희,김성혁 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.9

도서관 내의 문헌의 증가에 따라 인쇄매체의 문헌을 디지털화 하는 작업이 이루어지고 있으며, 디지털화 된 문헌에 대한 정보 서비스 시스템이 구축되고 있다. SGML은 문헌 구조화을 위한 언어로서 문헌기술을 위한 명세인 DTD를 통해 문헌 처리가 수행되며, DTD는 문헌의 논리적 구조의 독립성 유지에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 본 논문은 디지털 도서관 구축에서 사용되고 있는 비구조화 및 시연 중심의 텍스트처리 방법의 해결 방법으로 SGML을 기반으로한 문헌 구조화 및 구성된 문헌의 검색 및 접근을 위한 모델을 제시한다. The printted materials are converting into digital documents on the basis of the structure of documents, as being increasing in a library. And an information service system is building to provide those converted documents. SGML, a meta language, is designed to process documents by DTD that is a specification for representing documents and is used for keeping a logical structure of documents. This paper presents an information service model for searching and accessing structured documents based on SGML as a solution for unstructured text processing.

장애인 및 노약자를 위한 생활관련 시설의 연계방향

강병근,성기창,박광재,윤영삼,김상운,정현정,류상오 한국의료복지시설학회 2009 의료·복지 건축 Vol.15 No.1

This study aims to plan connecting living facilities considering on the Barrier Free Walking of the disabled and the elderly in the residential area. We had found several physical problems on the peestrian's way that becomes the major factor of disturbing the barrier free movement for using living facilities in the local area by investigations and enquetes. We had suggested the arrangement method for these physical problems on the pedestrian's way and building the ideal area for living facilities by the disposition stages with the result of investigations and enquetes. After these process, we had planned connecting living facilities considering on the Barrier Free WaIking of the disabled and the elderly in the residential area.

딸기 育苗方法에 관한 硏究 : (Fragaria grandiflora E.)

姜鎬宗,蔡潤錫,李相雨 진주산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

"아끼히메"의 공중육묘에 관한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 7월 10일에 조사하여 정리한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 모주의 분지 발생율은 편아가 6.3%, 2아가 36.8%, 3아가 44.3%, 4아가 12.4% 그리고 5아가 0.2%로 나타났다. 2. 주당 런너발생수는 1아에서 7.33개, 2아에서 14.67개, 3아에서 20.00개, 4아에서 24개가 발생되었으며, 분지당 런너발생수는 6.0∼7.3개였다. 3. 런너당 자묘발생수는 1.4∼3.0주 였다. 4. 묘의 차수별 중량은 1차 자묘가 5.23g, 2차 자묘가 4.52g, 3차 자묘가 2.85g, 4차 자묘가 1.37g으로 나타났다. 5. 삽목시 발근에 소요되는 일수는 10∼14일이었다. This study aims at obtaining basic data on aerial raising of strawberry seedling, 'AKIHIME', The results of study are as follows: 1. The ratio of ramification from stock plant was 6.3% in the first shoot, 36.8% in the second, 44.3% in the third, 12.4% in the fourth and 0.2% in the fifth, respectively. 2. The number of runners per plant was 7.33 in the first shoot, 14.67 in the second, 20.00 in the third and 24.00 in the fourth, and the number of runners per branch was 6.0˚≠7.3. 3. The number of daughter seedlings per runner was 1.4˚≠3.0. 4. The fresh weight at each stage of seedling was 5.23 at the first daughter seedling stage, 4.52g at the second, 2.85g at the third, and 1.37g at the fourth. 5. 10-14 days were required for rooting after seedlings had been cut.

기관지천식 환자에서 Furosemide, Disodium cromoglycate 및 Heparin 흡입이 고장액 식염수 기관지유발검사에 미치는 영향

강천일,현상훈,남언정,김건우,윤종수,서영익,이종명,김능수 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.3

목적 : 기관지천식 환자에서 고장액 식염수의 흡입은 기도수축을 유발할 수 있으며 이는 운동유발성 천식반응과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 알레르겐 흡입이나 운동에 의해 유발되는 천식에 예방효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 disodium cromoglycate(DSCG), furosemide 및 heparin 흡입이 4.5% NaCl 기관지유발검사(BPT)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 4.5% NaCl BPT에서 양성반응을 보이는 기관지천식 환자 13명을 대상으로 하였으며 사용된 약물은 furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎ 및 heparin 1,000μ/㎏이었다. 먼저baseline 4.5% NaCl BPT를 시행한 다음 이들 약물로 전처치후 다시 4.5% NaCl BPT를 시행하여 약물의 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과 : Furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎및 heparin 1,000μ/㎏의 흡입 전처치는 고장액 식염수에 의한 기도수축 반응에 뚜렷한 예방효과를 보였다. Furosemide와 DSCG로 전처치한 군(n=6)에서 이들의 기도수축 방어율은 각각 100.6±6.6%, 91.1±17.2%였으며 furosemide와 heparin으로 전처치한 군(n=7)에서는 각각 58.7±29.2%, 59.0±51.1%로서 각 군에서 이들 약제간의 방어율에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : Furosemide(40㎎), DSCG(40㎎) 및 heparin(1000μ/㎏)의 흡입 전처치는 고장액 식염수에 의한 기도수축 반응에 뚜렷한 예방효과를 보였으며, 적어도 이 용량에서 기도수축 예방 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. Background: Hypertonic saline (4.5% NaCl) inhalation is known to induce broncho-constriction by affecting mast cell, epithelial cell and vagal afferent pathway in some asthmatics. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) is known to have a preventive effect on allergic asthma and exercise induced asthma, and recently it was reported that furosemide and heparin had similar effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of furosemide, DSCG and heparin on hypertonic saline provocation test in asthmatics. Methods: Thirteen asthmatics with a positive response to hypertonic saline challenge were enrolled. Hypertonic saline and test drugs were generated by ultrasonic nebulizer. After taking baseline 4.5% NaCl challenge, subjects were rechallenged with 4.5% NaCl after inhalation of furosemide 40㎎, DSCG 40㎎ or heparin 1,000μ/㎏. Results: 1. There was a significant positive relationship between PC_20-methacholine and PTM-4.5% NaCl(r=0.5575, p = 0.024). 2. Furosemide, DSCG and heparin had no direct bronchodilating effects. 3. Premedication of furosemide and DSCG(n=6) showed significant protective effects on 4.5% NaCl induced broncho-constriction. The average protection rate were 100.6±6.6% and 91.1±17.2%, respectively. 4. Premedication of furosemide and heparin(n=7) showed significant protective effects on 4.5% NaCl induced broncho-constriction. The average protection rate were 58.7±29.2% and 59.0±51.1%. respectively. Conclusions: Furosemide(40㎎), DSCG(40㎎) and heparin(1.000μ/㎏) had significant protective effects on hypertonic saline induced broncho-constriction in asthmatics, and there were no significant differences in their potency of protection rate.