2010년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용한 혈중 수은 농도와 체성분 측정치와의 관련성

강대원,이가영 대한비만학회 2013 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.22 No.4

연구배경: 본 연구에서는 2010년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 혈중수은농도와 체성분 측정치와의 관련성을 파악하였다. 방법: 2010년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 20세 이상 성인 1,853명(남성 918명, 여성 935명)에서 측정한 혈중 수은 농도와 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 총지방량, 총제지방량, 총체지방률,몸통지방량, 몸통제지방량, 몸통지방률 간의 관련성을 다중 선형회귀분석과 로짓회귀분석으로 분석하였고 성별, 나이, 교육수준, 신체활동, 에너지 섭취량, 생선섭취빈도, 흡연상태, 음주섭취를 교란변수로 보정하였다 . 결과: 다중 선형회귀분석을 이용하여 교란변수들을 보정한 후 혈중 수은 농도가 증가할수록 총체지방률을 제외한 체성분 측정치가 유의하게 증가하였고 교란변수를 보정한 후 비만(체질량지수 ≥ 25 kg/m2)과 복부비만[허리둘레 ≥ 90 cm (남자) 85 cm (여자)]의 유병비 또한 성별에 따라 4분위수로 구분한 혈중 수은 농도가 증가할수록 유의하게 선형으로 증가하였다 (P for linear trend < 0.05). 결론: 높은 혈중 수은 농도는 비만 및 복부비만과 관련된 요인으로 고려할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

도시철도차량용 제동마찰재 개발품 검증을 위한 현차시험 방안

강대원,이호심,전진표,김현락,소진섭,김선곤,김인기 한국철도학회 2020 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

펄스레이저 증착법으로 성장한 Ba<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>TiO₃ 박막의 산소 분압에 따른 유전특성

강대원,곽민환,김성일,정세영,류한철,강승범,최상국,백문철,강광용,이병영 한국진공학회 2009 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.37 No.-

근대화에 따른 폭력 양상 연구 : 이동하의「폭력연구」를 중심으로

강대원 한민족문화학회 2001 한민족문화연구 Vol.9 No.-

This study targets that wish to illuminate Idongha's the novel world that is counted by active duty major writer. Do laying stress on ancient temple about violence which is becoming important motive in his novel first according to these intention. Is seeking critical mind about violence that move consecutively. Decide to observe within his work by what aspect problem of these violence is appearing, and search methodology to materialize next these subject. Idongha's novel can be classified roughly continuously by critical tendency about industrial society with literary tendency postwar days greatly, these two tendencies are approaching from viewpoint of all violences. But is not passing direct message about conquest alternative and so on about substance of violence or the specific cause, or it that magnify and is reproduced since Korean War that move. Only, he is materializing violent situation that is generalized within everyday life to work, and is awakening readers' attention through this. According to existent assessment, these point indicated to quantity insufficient point, but this research estimated such point preferably positively. That is, wish to indicate that is prescribing on constituent of another violence that move last month itself of subject or message through work. This truth is significant date in that prevent subjective element in reappearance of experience beforehand and that enable creative reading by readers together point furthermore. Through work, drawn these characteristic is involved with formal special quality of work. He is utilizing observer visual point actively to adhere to objective point of view. Speaker is that is not showing any subjective message nothing but describe central person or the event to reader directly in work. And he does that is emphasizing currency of past point of time that pass and violent situation detected within work alternating current enrolment visual point. That is, reader recognizes that violence of old days magnifies and is reproduced in nowaday actuality preferably than to prescribe speaker's past store or experience to anecdote of old days simply. So that, reader recognizes subject that is insisting indirectly because move through work, and ready reader's counterproposal through this. Because such whole process reconstructs reader's ability and authority that is ignored at existing literary discourse soon, new creative reading is available. Literary special quality and his novel world that these point has moving in addition can speak as superior point that is doing mortgage.

이제하 초기 소설의 현실 대응 양상

강대원 한국언어문화학회 1999 한국언어문화 Vol.17 No.-

Effect of Soil Amendments on Arsenic Reduction of Brown Rice in Paddy Fields

강대원,김다영,유지혁,박상원,오경석,권오경,백승화,김원일 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.2

There is an increasing concern over arsenic (As) contamination in rice since Codex Committee on Contaminantsin Food (CCCF) discuss on maximum levels for As in rice in 2010. This study was conducted to reduceAs concentration in rice by soil amendment treatments in paddy field soils contaminated by As. The selectedfour amendments were poultry manure, agri-lime, steel slag, and gypsum with the addition of 3% or 5% (w/w)on a dry basis. The As reduction effect could not be verified, as a result of the pot test by adding poultrymanure to the paddy soil around the mine located in Yesan. Among the agri-lime treated rice cultivated pots,the As concentration increased up to 32.1%. On the other hand, the content of As in the sample pots treatedwith steel slag and gypsum decreased by 65.4% and 63.4%, respectively. On the basis of the results of these potexperiments, the field test was carried out in the As polluted rice field around the mine located in Yesan, andwhen the four amendments were treated, the As content in the brown rice reduced in all the amendment treatmentscompared with the control plot. The As reduction in brown rice of the amendment was confirmed to behigher efficiency by the order of gypsum > steel slag > poultry manure > agri-lime. As a result of potexperiments using paddy soil around the mine located in Seosan, As stabilization efficiency in rice and Asreduction effect could not be determined by comparison to the control. From the rice cultivated from agri-limetreated pot, As concentration increased by 15.8% in rice. On the other hand, the As content of the pots treatedwith steel slag and gypsum decreased by 39.1% and 60.2%, respectively. In conclusion, distinguished Asreducing effectiveness could be expected by soil amendment treatments for rice cultivation.

에우독소스의 비례론과 데데킨트의 실수계에 관한 고찰

강대원,김권욱,Kang, Dae-Won,Kim, Kwon-Wook 한국수학사학회 2009 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.22 No.3

에우독소스의 비례론이 데데킨트가 실수를 현대적으로 정의한 '데데킨트 절단'과 일치한다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 데데킨트는 2000년보다 더 앞선 에우독소스의 방법을 근거로 조사함으로써 실수체계에 대한 확고한 기초를 확립하였다고 볼 수 있다. 그래서 데데킨트의 정의에서 그리스 유산을 구별하는 것은 가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그런데 에우독소스의 비례론과 데데킨트 절단 사이에는 '근본적인 차이'가 존재한다. 그리스인들은 수(number)와 공간적 크기(magnitude)사이의 구별에 생각이 미치지 못한 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 비와 비례 개념에 대한 에우독소스의 설명과 '데데킨트 절단'을 통한 실수의 구조와의 관계를 살펴봄으로서 에우독소스의 비례론이 데데킨트의 실수의 완비성을 증명하기 위해 도입된 절단의 개념과 어떤 관계가 있으며 어떤 영향을 끼쳤는지를 고찰하고자 한다. The Eudoxean theory of Proportion is correlated with 'Dedekind cut' with which Dedekind defined the real number system in modern usage. Dedekind established a firm foundation for the real number system by retracing some of Eudoxus' steps of over two thousand years earlier. Thus it should be quite worthy that we separate Greek inheritance from the definition of Dedekind, However, there is a fundamental difference between Eudoxean theory of proportion and Dedekind cut. Basically, it seems impossible for Greeks to distinguish between the distinction between number and magnitude. In this paper, we will consider how the Eudoxean theory of proportion was related to Dedekind cut introduced to prove the Dedekind's real number completion and how it influenced Dedekind cut by looking at the relation between Eudoxos's explication of the notion of ratio and Dedekind's well-known construction of the real numbers.

아리스토텔레스의 무한론에 대한 제논의 역할

강대원,김권욱,Kang, Dae-Won,Kim, Kwon-Wook 한국수학사학회 2009 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.22 No.1

본 논문에서는 아리스토텔레스의 무한론과 제논의 논증들과 역설에 대한 그의 논의를 기반으로 아리스토텔레스의 잠재적인 무한론 형성에 제논의 영향을 추론하였다. 고대 그리스수학의 기초로서 아리스토텔레스의 잠재적인 무한을 고찰해 보면 미적분학에 꼭 필요한 실무한에 대한 개념을 허락하지 않았다. 아리스토텔레스의 "자연학"에서 실무한의 존재를 부정하고 잠재적인 무한만을 주장하게 된 것은 제논의 논증에 나타난 불합리를 피하기 위한 희망이 내재해 있는 것으로 판단할 수 있다. 따라서 고대 그리스인들이 왜 실제적으로 극한 개념을 수반한 적분을 개발하지 못하고 번거롭고 불완전한 십진법을 사용하면서 멀리까지 왔는지에 대한 이유 중 하나를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. In this paper we have inferred the influence of Zeno on the construction of the potential infinite of Aristotle based on arguments of Zeno's paradoxes. When we examine the potential infinite of Aristotle as the basis of the ancient Greek mathematics, we can see that they did not permit the concept of the actual infinite necessary for calculus. The reason Why they recognized the potential infinite, denying the actual infinite as seen in Aristotle's physics could be found in their attempt to escape the illogicality shown in Zeno's arguments. Accordingly, this paper could provided one of reasons why the ancient Greeks had used uneasy exhaustion's method instead of developing the quadrature involving the limit concept.

외국약가참조제도의 국제적 동향

강대원,배은미,신경선,임재옥,김성옥,임재영,최상은 한국보건사회약료경영학회 2016 한국보건사회약료경영학회지 Vol.5 No.1

BACKGROUND External reference pricing is widely used throughout the world due to its simplicity in pharmaceutical price setting and its cost-lowering effect. Korean government has been using external reference pricing process to set maximum prices for new drugs. Its importance was increased due to recently introduced policy where certain drugs can be exempted from economic evaluation and foreign prices are the only criteria for setting price. This study was conducted to review global trend of external reference pricing and gain insights about this process. METHODS We reviewed literatures about external reference pricing and different methodologies used in different countries. Theoretical and practical aspects of external reference pricing were reviewed and discussed. RESULTS External reference pricing was being used in 26 countries out of 28 European Union member countries. Many countries from other parts of the world, such as Canada, Mexico, Japan, Taiwan and Norway are using this process and the number of countries implementing this process is increasing. Although the main idea was the same, details varied between countries depending on their economic background. It is mostly used to regulate pharmaceutical prices and several studies suggested that it leads to lower prices. However, it is worried to cause a global price convergence and pharmaceutical companies can strategically use this to maximize profit. CONCLUSIONS Policy decision makers should be aware of the various external reference pricing carefully and flexibly according to their policy directions.

중첩 속성을 활용한 랜덤 언더 샘플링 기반의 공정성 개선 기법

강대원,권준호,전종훈 한국정보과학회 2022 데이타베이스 연구 Vol.38 No.3

As machine learning models have begin to be used in human-related fields, the fairness of models is drawing attention. Fairness problems refer to certain groups based on sensitive attributes such as gender or race receiving biased decisions in machine learning models compared to other groups. As the imbalance of the dataset has been revealed as one of the causes of the fairness problem, research on fairness related to the imbalance data is being actively conducted. Traditionally, methods for eliminating bias due to data imbalances are over sampling and under sampling techniques. However, traditional data imbalance mitigation techniques have difficulty improving the fairness of the model. Therefore, this paper proposes Random Under Sampling-Based Fairness Improvement Technique Using Overlapping Attribute. This technique finds the overlapping attribute that affect both the performance and fairness of the model among the general attribute of the data set. We then create subgroups based on eigenvalues of overlapping attribute, labels, and sensitive attribute, and mitigate data imbalances between subgroups through random under sampling. The performance of this method was evaluated through different data sets, random partitioning methods, and 10 replicates. In addition, the results of improved fairness were confirmed by using Equal Opportunity, Equalized Odds, Treatment Equality, and Demographic Parity as fairness indicators. 기계학습 모델이 사람과 관련된 분야에 활용되기 시작하면서 모델의 공정성 문제가 주목받고 있다. 공정성 문제란 성별이나 인종 같은 민감 속성(Sensitive Attribute)기반의 특정 그룹이 기계학습 모델로부터 타 그룹에 비해 편향된 결정을 받는 것을 말한다. 공정성 문제의 원인 중 하나로 데이터 셋의 불균형이 밝혀지면서 불균형 데이터 관련 공정성 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 전통적으로 데이터 불균형으로 인한 편향을 제거하는 방법은 오버 샘플링(Over Sampling) 기법과 언더 샘플링(Under Sampling) 기법이 있다. 하지만 전통적인 데이터 불균형 완화 기법은 모델의 공정성 향상에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 중첩 속성을 활용한 언더 샘플링 기반의 공정성 개선 기법을 제안한다. 본 기법은 데이터 셋의 일반 속성 중 모델의 성능과 공정성 양쪽에 영향을 주는 중첩 속성을 구한다. 그리고 중첩 속성, 레이블, 민감 속성의 고윳값을 기준으로 서브 그룹을 만들고 랜덤 언더 샘플링을 통해 서브 그룹 간의 데이터 불균형을 완화한다. 본 기법의 성능은 다양한 데이터 셋, 임의 분할 기법과 10번의 실험을 통해 평가했다. 그리고 공정성 지표로 균등 기회, 균등 승률, 균등 대우, 인구통계 패리티를 사용하여 공정성이 향상된 결과를 확인하였다.