팔로3징의 외과적 치료

천종록,전상훈,장봉현,이종태,김규태 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.2

목적 : 비교적 드물게 보는 선천성 심질환중의 하나인 팔로3징에 대한 본원에서의 진단 및 치료 경험을 임상적으로 관찰하여 보고함으로써 향후 이 질환의 개심술 성적을 향상시키는데 기여하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 경북대학교병원 흉부외과에서 1980년 3월부터 1997년 2월 사이에 개심술을 받았던 환자들 중에서 심도자검사 및 수술소견에 의해 팔로3징으로 진단되었던 8례를 대상으로 술전증상과 진찰소견, 술전의 심초음파검사, 심도자검사 및 심혈관조영술의 소견들을 검토하였고, 수술소견으로는 폐동맥협착과 심방중격결손의 해부학적 형태, 체외순환시간과 대동맥차단시간, 수술방법, 술후 합병증 및 수술사망률 등을 조사하였다. 그리고 평균 4.8년에 걸친 술후 추적관찰을 하였다. 결과 : 술전 진단에 있어서는 2례에서 오진되어 있었고, 술후 조기의 병원사망례는 없었으나 1례에서 류마치스성으로 추정되는 다발성 심장판막질환으로 8년후 인공판막치환술을 받았는데 패혈증으로 사망하였다. 나머지 환자들은 모두 양호한 경과를 취하였다. 결론 : 이 질환의 술전 진단에 있어서 과거에는 상당한 오진이 있었음을 알 수 있었고, 술전 증상이 심한 환자가 많았던 사실을 감안하면 개심술 성적과 술후 경과는 양호한 편이었다. Eight parients with trilogy of Fallot, characterized by the combination of pulmonary stenosism, atrial septal defect(ASD) and Rt-to-Lt shunt in the atrial level in the presence of an intact ventricular septum, underwent surgical correction between March 1980 and February 1997. Four patients were male and four were female. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 20 years with a mean age of 12.1 years. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiogram were performed in all patients and 2D-Echocardiographic studies were obtained in 4 patients before operation. The preoperative diagnoses were tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) + ASD in 2 cases, trilogy of Fallot in 6 cases had combined pulmonary stenosis. The atrial septal defect was closed by primary suture in 6 cases and patch closure was done in 2 cases. The pulmonary stenosis was correctied by valvotomy in 2 cases, valvotomy + infundibulectomy in 2 cases, valvotomy + infundibulectomy + right venr tricular outflow tract reconstruction in one case, valvotomy + infundibulectomy + transannular patching in 3 cases. No operative death resulted, but one patient expired after undergoing mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty for mitral insufficiency, tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary valve insufficency 8 years later. All surviving patients have remained in good condition.

판형 열교환기의 OTEC 플랜트 적용에 관한 연구

천원기,강상훈 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.2

Plate heat exchangers have less limitation on space and weight because they can be small with higher heat transfer coefficients rather than air-cooled. shell-tube. and plate-fin heat exchangers. And, heat exchange can be efficiently performed even though the temperature difference of sea-water is small. They also have expense reduction effect in case that we use expensive materials for corrosion prevention and have merits of cleaning and changing design easily. So. plate heat exchangers are more suitable for evaporator and condenser of OTEC system.

온도 변화가 교정용 니켈-티타늄 호선의 하중값에 미치는 영향

천경애,임성훈,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.6

초탄성 니켈-티타늄 호선의 하중값은 온도 변화에 따라 변화함이 보고된 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 온도가 변화함에 따라 니켈-티타늄 합금 호선의 하중값이 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 37℃ 항온 상태에서 0.016" x 0.022" 니켈-티타늄 호선을 3.1mm까지 변위시키는 3점 굴곡 실험을 시행하여 하중 시와 탈하중 시의 1.5mm 변위지점의 하중값을 측정하고 이 지점에서 구강내 온도 변화를 고려한 온도 변화 실험을 시행하였다. 20℃ 저온수 또는 50℃ 고온수를 호선에 흘려보냄으로써 온도 변화를 주었다. 저온 실험은 저온수로 온도 변화를 주고 37℃ 항온 온도로 회복된 후에 다시 저온수를 흐르게 하는 방법으로 10회 시행하였고 고온 실험도 동일한 방법으로 시행하였다. 그 결과 하중 시 1.5mm 변위지점의 하중값은 저온 실험 및 고온 실험 후 37℃로 회복된 후에도 모두 감소된 값을 유지하였다. 반대로 실제로 치아에 가해지는 교정력으로 생각되는 탈하중 시 1.5mm 변위 지점의 하중값은 저온 실험 및 고온 실험 후 온도가 37℃로 회복되어도 모두 증가된 값을 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 온도변화를 거친 후 초탄성 니켈-티타늄 합금 호선의 하중 시 힘은 감소하였고 탈하중 시 힘은 증가되므로, 임상에서 니켈-티타늄 호선을 적용 시에는 37℃에서의 하중-변위 곡선에서 나타나는 힘에 비해 더 작은 하중 시 힘과 더 큰 탈하중 시 힘이 적용될 수 있음에 유의하여야 한다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of intraoral temperature changes on the orthodontic force level of a superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wire. Methods: Nickel-titanium archwires of 0.016" x 0.022" thickness were tested with a three point bending test setup, and temperature changes were applied. The force level changes according to temperature changes were measured at a 1.5mm deflection during the loading phase and a 1.5mm deflection during the unloading phase from a deflection to 3.1mm. Ten cycles of thermal cycling from baseline (37℃) to cold (20℃) or hot (50℃) temperature were applied. Results: After thermal cycling, the force level during the loading phase decreased and the force level during the unloading phase increased even after the temperature was changed to the initial 37℃. Conclusions: The results suggest that the orthodontic force level can not return to the initial force level after temperature changes. When applying superelastic nickel-titanium archwires, we must consider that a lighter force than the loading force and a heavier force than the unloading force will be applied after intraoral temperature changes caused by eating and drinking.

진공복사관식 집열기의 성능비교

천원기,강상훈 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

This thesis is to find the optimum way to increase the use of the currently widely vacuum tube solar collector through the analysis of its thermal efficiency and various types and features. The vacuum tube solar collector is divided into two classes depending on its design. One is equipped with a metal fin in a vacuum tube for collecting the solar heat, while the other uses an inner tube to collect the heat, in effect doubling the vacuum tube. Of course, both maximize the collection of solar heat but they differ in the way the heat is transferred to its point of use. In the first case, the collecting of the solar energy can derive the thermal analysis through the use of the theory of heat collection such as the flat-type collector's fin efficiency. The representative example of this is the type of vacuum tube with a heat pipe and attached.

억지이론과 억지전략에 대한 소고

전성훈(全星勳) 한국전략문제연구소 2004 전략연구 Vol.- No.31

Importance of Deterrence Theory and Strategy in Korea There are obvious reasons why the ROK, as a nation having it a core national policy to renounce WMD, should have firm grip on and preparations for deterrence theory and practice. Regional four powers either possess WMD or has such potential and exercise their own deterrence strategies. The US. deterrence strategy that is dominating the international security order has made big changes. Having nuclear weapons, North Korea has boasted of maintaining its nuclear deterrence capability. Thus, North-South Korean relations are not free from nuclear deterrence strategy as well. The Concept of Deterrence Deterrence is defined to dissuade or prevent enemy forces or rivals from taking hostile actions by demonstrating an ability to impose threats they are afraid of accepting. Deterrence itself is not preemption. Deterrence is a strategic concept that requires to have strength enough to thwart hostile intention or to defeat any invasion of others. Thus, to get proper military power and preparedness is essential for successful deterrence. In this regard, military spending is one way to increase credibility of deterrence. Deterrence and Arms Control Excessive military expenditures for maintaining and enhancing deterrence forces, in many cases, lead to arms race, which is an important side effect of implementing deterrence strategy. At this point, arms control or disarmament become necessary. Under deterrence strategy, arms control is a means to achieve stable peace in mutual and balanced way by reducing risks and possibilities of military confrontation and by minimizing damages if conflict occurs. Here are brief introductions of major deterrence strategies of the US. administrations. The Massive Retaliation Strategy Secretary of State John Dulles of the Eisenhower administration announced the massive retaliation strategy during an address at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York on January 12,1954. This strategy attempted to deter a spectrum of possible invasions through the threat of all-out nuclear retaliation. Based on the "New Look", the Eisenhower administration increased its dependence on long-range bombers carrying nuclear weapons by reducing military expenditures and minimizing reliance on troops. The Flexible Response Strategy President John Kennedy adopted the flexible response strategy in order to expand a range of retaliatory options instead of sticking to an infeasible "massive retaliation." In 1967, the NATO accepted this as an official military strategy. While the massive retaliation strategy allows for only two extreme choices of all-out nuclear war or submission, the flexible response strategy makes possible a variety of options between the two extremes and thus, multiplies policy alternatives. The Mutual Assured Destruction Strategy Reflecting on the reality of the 1960s that the Soviet nuclear forces rapidly expanded and the U.S. nuclear superiority disappeared, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara conceptualized the mutual assured destruction (MAD) strategy. The MAD strategy was based on the acknowledgment that Washington and Moscow both came to have the second strike capabilities and the strategic parity between the two sides was reached. To sustain nuclear stalemate resulting from the MAD strategy requires the two elements: survivability and vulnerability. The Prevailing Counterforce Strategy The prevailing counterforce strategy, which is also called the enhanced counterforce strategy, materialized the Reagan administration's will to enhance the U.S. capability to carry out a successful nuclear war by increasing strategic nuclear weapons. The Reagan administration assumed that a nuclear war with the Soviet Union could take several months and attempted to make a strategy to overwhelm the Soviets in such a war. The prevailing counterforce strategy was embodied in the National Security Decision Directive (NSSD) 13, which was the first document of the U.S. administration that set to win a nuclear war as an objective of the deterrence strategy. The Clinton Administration's Deterrence Strategy The Clinton administration used the Presidential Decision Directive (FDD) 60 to embody its deterrence strategy in 1997. Declaring the end of a nuclear war winning strategy, the PDD 60 laid a foundation for deep cuts of nuclear weapons. According to the FDD 60, the United States reduced the nuclear weapons targeted for Russian conventional forces and instead, increased nuclear strike targets in China and other countries. At the same time, under the title of "adaptive planning", the Clinton administration began to target rogue states with nuclear weapons. The Bush administration's Deterrence Strategy According to a new deterrence strategy, the Bush administration has moved beyond the traditional MAD strategy. Arguing that Russia is no more an enemy, the Bush administration has emphasized on breaking away from the old offense-oriented deterrence strategy in the Cold War and has pursued a new "layered deterrence" strategy, incorporating both offense and defense. In the nuclear posture review (NPR), it also clarified three contingencies and target countries involved in each contingency where nuclear weapons might be used. Future Research The Korean peninsula where North Korea is nuclear-armed will become one of main areas in the coming "Second Nuclear Age." Although still relying on the existing theories and past experiences, the deterrence theory and strategy of the 21st century will further develop by assuming new realities where actual and potential nuclear weapon states manage inter-state relations based on checks and balances. Following up this trend and devising a Korean-version of deterrence strategy will be an essential element of the ROK's national security strategy.

남북정상회담과 군사분야의 협력사업: 남북한 영공의 단계적 개방

전성훈 고려대학교 북한학연구소 2001 北韓學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

판형 열교환기의 OTEC 플랜트 적용에 관한 연구

천원기,강상훈 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.2

Plate heat exchangers have less limitation on space and weight because they can be small with higher heat transfer coefficients rather than air-cooled, shell-tube, and plate-fin heat exchangers. And, heat exchange can be efficiently performed even though the temperature difference of sea-water is small. They also have expense reduction effect in case that we use expensive materials for corrosion prevention and have merits of cleaning and changing design easily. So, plate heat exchangers are more suitable for evaporator and condenser of OTEC system.

扶正解毒湯의 抗癌活性과 免疫調節作用에 관한 硏究

朴相采,宋昊哲,金東熙,徐榮培,朴陽春,金聖勳 대한본초학회 2000 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

To evaluate the antitumm activity and immune rsponse of Bujunghoedo!aaCtnng(BJHDn, studies were done experimentally. The rsulLF were OMaineed as fallow: 1. BJHDT e m c b erhibitcd a wmk eytotoxieity against SKOV-3, and SK-MELJ cell lines, while it showed a good effectivaes against BlE-FIO up to 80% of control at concenmion of over 0.25mg/ml 2. BJHDT emcG signifimtly showed an inhibitor, effect on DNA topowmewz I from calf thpw at 500 mglmf. 3. BJHDT eXhaetS showed antiadhesive rates against A549, 30% at 0.5 dm!, 80% at 1 mplm!. 4. BJHDT exmcb inhibited CAM angiogenesis up to 40%. 6. BIHDT extracb prolonged life span of ICR mice bearing S-180 sarcoma cells up to 127.1%. 7. In FACS analysis, the population of helper T cell and tended to increase. 8. Pmliferatbn rate of splenoeyte WBS inneased at 0.5mglml or more in a dase dependent fashim as compared with Control. These resulb suggested that BIHDT exham might k usefully applied for treatment of cancer and also it was necessary m do more studies about its mechanisms.

유도전동기 벡터제어 시스템을 이용한 속응제어에 관한 연구

황락훈,나승권,이춘상 세명대학교 2000 世明論叢 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper, the flux vector should be precisely estimated. But, in the speed sensorless control, it is difficult to estimate the flux due to the influence of leakage reactance drops. Therefore, the proper flux estimation method is required. Also, considering with explanation an influence of speed estimation mechanism depend on error about the second resistance size established, it estimates the deviation of the second resistance establishment and exhibits a compensation method, what is more, it designs a reparation program using the fuzzy algorithm and testifies the result with the computer simulation. In consequence, it makes a good result for more powerful vector control system about the outside trouble. In this paper, Induction motor speed and torque are usually controlled by the following three ways : slip frequency control, vector control and torque constant control. But there have been little analyses on the transient characteristics in these methods. Furthermore, since the control system is complex and/or has much problems in its implementation and transient characteristics, it is relatively difficult to apply these methods to the rapid response control for the precision machinery in these days.

저신장 소아에서 성장호르몬 치료가 두개안면필 성장에 미치는 영향

정성호,김진욱,박용훈,황충주,이희경 대한치과교정학회 2010 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on craniofacial growth in children of short stature. Methods: Nineteen untreated children of short stature were referred from the Pediatric Department, Yeungnam University Hospital as a subject group. All subjects had lateral cephalograms taken before, after 1 year and after 2 years of growth hormone treatment. As a reference group, we selected 19 normal children with paired sampling who matched the subjects' age and sex, from the Department of Orthodontics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. Results: Before GHT, anterior cranial base length and upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and mandibular corpus length were significantly smaller in the reference group. In angular craniofacial measurements, saddle angle and mandibular plane angle were larger. SNA and SNB were smaller in the reference group. After two years of GHT, growth hormone accelerated growth in several craniofacial components. The posterior total facial height, the anterior, posterior cranial base length, and the mandibular ramus length were increased. And the difference in mandibular plane angle and ANB values compared with the reference group was decreased. Conclusions: GHT over 2 years leads to a craniofacial catch-up growth tendency, which is pronounced in interstitial cartilage and condylar cartilage. 저신장이란 같은 연령 및 성별 소아들의 표준 신장 평균치에서 -2.0 SD 이하인 경우를 말한다. 본 연구의 목적은 저신장 소아의 두개안면골격의 특성을 분석하고, 성장호르몬 치료가 신장을 성장시킴과 동시에 두개안면골격에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 함이다. 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 소아청소년과에서 저신장으로 진단받은 소아를 대상으로 성장 호르몬 치료 전 그리고 치료 후 1년, 2년 후 총 3회 측모 두부 방사선 규격 사진의 촬영을 시행하였다. 대조군은 경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 교정과에 소장된 한국인 평균 신장의 2 표준오차 내의 아동들을 대상으로 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진을 2년마다 10년간 촬영한 자료를 이용하여 저신장 소아의 연령과 성별을 기준으로 짝진 표집(paired sampling)을 하였다. 성장 호르몬 치료 전 저신장 소아는 작고 후퇴된 하악골과 편평한 두개저를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 성장 호르몬 치료 후 anterior, posterior cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length와 overall mandibular length 성장량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났으며 각도 계측에서는 saddle angle, mandibular plane angle과 ANB변화량이 정상군에서의 2년 성장량과 비교했을 때 큰 변화를 보이며 정상군의 평균치를 따라잡는 경향을 보였다. 성장 호르몬 치료는 불균형적인 성장의 징후 없이 정상화를 향한 성장(따라잡기 성장)을 나타내었으며 이는 특히 하악과두의 성장과 후안면고경의 성장을 촉진시켜 저신장 소아의 convex 한 profile을 완화하는 것으로 판단된다.