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또래애착이 아동의 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향 : 자아존중감의 매개효과
김상우,조민아 대한물리치료과학회 2022 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of children's perceived peer attachment on children's subjective well-being and the effects of self-esteem, one of the variables of individual personality characteristics, on peer attachment and subjective well-being. Design: Data from the 2018 Panel Study on Korean Children were used. Methods: The survey method was conducted by the investigator, and the total number of cases was 1,434 people. Results: First, the higher the child's peer attachment leads to higher subjective well-being and self-esteem, and the higher the self-esteem leads to higher subjective well-being. Second, in the relationship between peer attachment and subjective well-being, self-esteem acts as a mediator variable. Third, children's peer attachment affects subjective well-being and self-esteem, and self-esteem affects subjective well-being. The results explain that the degree of children's peer attachment itself affects subjective well-being and self-esteem, and self-esteem also affects children's subjective well-being. Conclusion: Self-esteem is an important factor influencing subjective well-being and has a mediating effect on the relationship between peer attachment and subjective well-being. In other words, it can be understood that children feel subjective well-being through positive interactions with peers, not only in parent relationships. Based on these results, it is necessary to suggest practical interventions to enhance children's subjective sense of well-being and to develop various programs that can strengthen the sub-factors of peer attachment.
어린이 그림책을 위한 주제명표 개발 연구: 『A to Zoo』를 바탕으로
박지영 한국정보관리학회 2012 정보관리학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Subject headings support the effective access of children's picture books. However, it is difficult to select subject terms from titles or table of contents in children's picture books because of their relatively little textual information. Therefore, it is necessary to assign subject terms to each picture book. However, it is not adequate to use general subject headings because the types and levels of general subject headings are different from special subject headings for the children's materials. For this reason, this study aims to develop subject headings for children's picture books. The subject terms in A to Zoo were selected, and the selected terms were translated into Korean and modified for the Korean culture and language. Other reference books, such as Elementary Korean Dictionary, were also used to determine adequate terms for children. The resulting subject headings were assigned to the recommended picture books for children and used to search by subject, browse, and recommend books. 주제명은 이용자가 어린이 그림책을 효과적으로 접근하도록 지원한다. 그러나 어린이 그림책은 다른 자료에 비해 표제나 목차와 같이 자료 자체에서 주제명을 선정하기가 어렵다. 또한 텍스트 외에 그림이 주는 정보량이 큰 편이다. 따라서 그림책의 주제접근을 위해서는 별도의 주제명 목록을 작성할 필요가 있다. 그런데 어린이 그림책에 일반 도서용으로 개발된 주제명을 그대로 사용하기는 적절하지 않을 수 있다. 주제명의 유형과 수준이 상이할 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 어린이 그림책에 적합한 주제명표를 개발하고자 하였다. 기본 주제명의 선정을 위해서는 영미권에서 발행된 그림책 주제명표를 참고하였는데, 이 과정에서 우리 문화와 언어에 맞도록 기존의 표목을 수정․추가하였다. 또한 그림책의 주요 독자층인 어린이에게 적합한 표목을 선정하기 위해 초등국어사전과 같은 참고자료도 활용하였다. 그리고 시범적으로 구축된 주제명표를 어린이 그림책을 대상으로 한 권장도서 목록에 적용하여, 주제검색이나 브라우징, 도서 추천 등에 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다.
김선숙 ( Kim Sunsuk ) 한국사회복지연구회 2017 사회복지연구 Vol.48 No.3
This study focused on differences in factors of subjective well-being between children who are raised at their own homes and those raised at the residential institutions. This study used two kinds of data sets, one from survey on subjective well-being of children in residential care supported by National Research Foundation of Korea, the other from survey on children`s subjective well-being in Korea conducted by Social welfare research center in Seoul National University and Save the Children Korea. The results are as follows; There are no significant difference statistically between children raised at their own homes and children raised at residential institutions in children`s subjective well-being, satisfaction with him/herself, and satisfaction with school. However, there is higher satisfaction with family in children raised at their own homes. On the other hand, there is higher satisfaction with community in children raised at residential institutions. There are difference factors effect on children`s subjective well-being between the two groups. Most of all, satisfaction with him/herself is very important factor to improve children`s subjective well-being in residential care.
어머니와 아버지의 온정적 양육과 아동의 주관적 행복감 간의 종단적 관계 : 아동의 친사회적 행동과 또래관계의 역할
한영숙(Youngsook Han) 한국아동학회 2020 아동학회지 Vol.41 No.3
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore the longitudinal links among mothers’ and fathers’ warm parenting, children’s prosocial behavior, peer relationships, and their subjective wellbeing. Specifically, the research tested indirect relations between mothers’ and fathers’ warm parenting and children’s subjective well-being via children’s prosocial behavior and peer relationships. Methods: The participants were 1,661 parents and their children (T1: M age = 7) from the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). Direct and indirect relations among the study variables were explored using path analysis. Results: Mothers’ warm parenting was directly related to children’s subsequent subjective well-being, while fathers’ warm parenting was not directly associated with children’s subsequent subjective wellbeing. Fathers’ warm parenting was linked to children’s subsequent prosocial behavior, which in turn predicted the number of close friends, social adjustment with peers, and frequency of peer conflict. In turn, children’s diverse types of peer relationships predicted their subjective well-being. Children’s prosocial behavior was also positively related to their subsequent subjective well-being. Conclusion: The present findings suggest children’s prosocial behavior and peer relationships are intervening mechanisms that account for how fathers’ warm parenting predicts their children’s subsequent subjective well-being. This study also highlights the protective role of mothers’ warm parenting in children’s subjective well-being.
가구의 경제적 빈곤과 아동의 주관적 웰빙 간 관계: 사회적 참여의 조절효과를 중심으로
김진석,황경란,양영미 한국아동권리학회 2017 아동과 권리 Vol.21 No.2
This study’s aim was to examine the negative influence of poverty by exploring the relationship between poverty and the subjective well-being of children, and to test whether the social participation of children moderates the relationship. This study utilized the data from the 2013 Korean Survey of Children’s Condition. The Korean Survey of Children’s Condition included 2,009 children aged between 9 and 17 who responded to the children’s questionnaire. This study included the results from a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and a series of multiple regressions. Further, a cross-product term between variables measuring poverty and social participation was included in the multiple regression models to test the moderation effect. The results showed that household poverty was negatively associated with the subjective well-being of children. Also, a positive relationship between the social participation and subjective well-being of children was found. Further, the social participation of children alleviated the negative association between household poverty and the subjective well-being of children. The results of this study suggested that policy provisions to promote the social participation and activities of children in poverty should be introduced in order to reduce the gap in terms of the subjective well-being of children due to their poverty status. 본 연구는 가구의 경제적 빈곤과 아동의 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계를 통해 빈곤의 부정적 영향을 확인하고, 사회적 참여의 조절효과에 관해 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 ‘2013년 한국아동종합실태조사’ 데이터를 활용하였다. 연구대상은 아동용 질문지의 응답대상인 만 9세에서 만 18세 미만 아동으로 하였으며, 표집된 아동의 수는 2,009명이다. 자료분석으로는 기술통계분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 하였으며 특히 조절효과 검증을 위해 상호작용항을 회귀모형에 포함하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 경제적 빈곤이 아동의 주관적 웰빙에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 사회적 참여 경험이 있는 아동의 경우 주관적 웰빙 지수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 참여는 경제적 빈곤과 아동의 주관적 웰빙 사이의 부적인 관계를 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 빈곤아동과 비빈곤아동의 주관적 웰빙에 있어서 집단간 차이가 발생하지 않도록 아동들의 사회적 참여에 대한 정부지원 등 사회적 개입의 필요성을 시사한다.
어머니의 행동적 통제 변화궤적이 학령전기 및 초등 저학년 아동의 학교적응, 학업수행능력, 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향
김충일 ( Kim Chung-il ),권윤정 ( Kwon Yun-jeong ) 한국아동교육학회 2018 아동교육 Vol.27 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 어머니의 행동적 통제 발달궤적의 변화와 이에 따른 아동의 학교적응, 학업수행능력, 주관적 행복에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 한국아동패널의 6, 7, 8차년 자료를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학령전기 및 초등학교 저학년 자녀를 둔 부모는 자녀의 학년이 높아질수록 자녀에게 행동적 통제를 높게 사용하였다. 둘째, 부모가 자녀에게 사회적 상황에서의 규칙을 준수하도록 하고 행동적으로 적극적으로 지도하는 부모의 자녀는 학업성취와 아동이 느끼는 행복감이 높았다. 다만 부모의 행동적 통제가 자녀의 학교적응에는 유의미한 영향을 주지 못했는데, 부모의 행동적 통제와 함께 다른 변인이 함께 고려될 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다. 셋째, 어머니의 행동적 통제 초기치와 다르게 변화율은 아동의 학교적응, 학업수행능력, 주관적 행복에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 자녀에 대한 어머니의 행동적 통제가 학업수행과 아동의 행복감에 긍정적 영향을 주기 위해서 학령전의 시기가 중요하다는 점을 말해준다. 이 연구에서는 일상생활에서 규칙을 지키고 사회적 기준을 배우도록 하는 부모의 자녀의 행동 통제지도가 자녀의 학업수행과 행복감을 증진한다는 점을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mother`s behavior control trajectory on school adjustment, studying ability and subjective happiness for children. We used 6th, 7th, 8th data of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The results of this study were follows. First, mother`s behavior control tended to increase overall as children aged. Second, the initial value of mother`s behavior control had a significant effect on the studying ability and subjective happiness by children, but had not a significant effect on school adjustment by children. Third, the change rate of mother`s behavior control had not a significant effect on school adjustment, studying ability and subjective happiness by children. The results of this study mean that mother`s behavior control can be helped children`s studying ability and children`s subjective happiness to school age children, but can not help to children aged.
초등학교 6학년 아동이 지각하는 일상적 스트레스가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에서 낙관적 사고의 중재효과
노지운(Jee Un Noh),신나나(Nana Shin) 한국아동학회 2014 아동학회지 Vol.35 No.3
The current study examined the relations between sixth-grade elementary school children`s perceptions of daily hassles, optimistic thinking, and subjective well-being. This study also investigated the moderating effect of optimistic thinking on the relationship between daily hassles and subjective well-being. A total of 474 sixth-grade elementary school children participated in this study. First, children`s daily hassles were negatively related to optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. As children perceived higher levels of daily hassles, they showed lower levels of optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. Children`s optimistic thinking was positively related to subjective well-being. Second, children`s optimistic thinking moderated the relations between daily hassles and subjective well-being. Specifically, for children with higher levels of optimistic thinking, their subjective well-being decreased with increasing levels of daily hassles related to parents and teachers. However, for children with lower levels of optimistic thinking, there was no relation between daily hassles and subjective well-being. These findings suggest that optimistic thinking could be an important means by which we could improve children`s subjective well-being, especially when they experience higher levels of daily hassles.
모효정(Hyo-jung Mo) 한국생명윤리학회 2008 생명윤리 Vol.9 No.1
어린이를 대상으로 실시되는 임상시험에서 동의의 획득과정은 어린이의 사고력과 정보이해능력의 미성숙으로 인해 성인과 구별되어 실시되어야 한다. 이에 대한 상세한 규정과 지침이 제시된 미국이나 유럽의 선진국과 달리 우리나라는 어린이 임상시험에 대한 법적 제도나 임상시험심사위원회의 표준운영지침이 마련되어 있지 않아 그 실시 여부가 명확하지 않다. 따라서 이에 대한 근본적인 대책 마련이 시급한 상황이다. 어린이의 의사결정능력은 각 개인에 따라 편차가 있지만 보통 14세 이상의 어린이는 성인과 동일한 판단능력을 지녔다고 연구되었다. 따라서 14세 이상의 어린이는 본인 의사와 부모의 동의로서 임상시험의 실시여부를 결정할 수 있지만, 7세에서 13세의 어린이는 제공되는 정보의 이해와 주위 사람들의 설득 정도에 따라 임상시험 참여의 가부가 결정되기 쉽다. 따라서 중립적인 입장에서 어린이 피험자에게 임상시험에 대한 정보를 쉬운 용어를 사용하여 충분히 제공하고 이해시키려는 시도가 반드시 필요하다. 이에 필자는 어린이를 위한 용어를 사용한 어린이 승낙서와 임상시험에 대한 정보의 이해도를 확인할 수 있는 체크리스트를 제안하였다. 또한 [의약품임상시험관리기준]에 규정된 사항에 따라, 어린이 대상 임상시험에는 반드시 공정한 입회자를 두어 정보제공의 중립성을 보장받고, 모니터요원을 최대한 활용하여 피험자 선정과정의 정당성을 확인하도록 하는 등의 임상시험실시기관 운영지침을 제시해 보았다. 차후에는 임상시험에서 동의의 획득과 피험자의 자발성을 확인하기 위한 방법으로 어린이 피험자뿐만 아니라 다른 취약집단의 속한 피험자들의 동의에 관한 규정도 구체적으로 마련되어져야 할 것이며, 피험자 집단의 특성에 적합한 다양한 동의획득 방법이나 도구들도 연구, 개발되어야 할 것이다. The acquisition process of children's assent in clinical trials is distinguished from that of adult's informed consent because children's ability of understanding is immature. The United States and Europe have the guidelines about clinical trials of children subject. But Korea does not have the guidelines and SOP for IRB's review for children subject. Decision-making abilities of children vary depending on individuals and ages. But it is reported that children of 14 and above usually have the judgment ability which is similar to that of adult. Consequently more than 14 year-old children subjects will be able to decide whether to participate in clinical trials with their own intention and the permission of their parents. But 7?13 years old children subject would decide whether to participate in clinical trials with the persuasion of the ambient people and the understanding of information as well as their own intention. Information sufficient enough to assent must be given to children. Information must be explained in words children can understand. I propose an assent form for children and a checklist for children and investigator. And the impartial witness in clinical trials of children will guarantee the neutrality in providing information. In addition, monitoring staffs have to confirm the justifiability of recruitment process in clinical trials of children. Further researches are required in order to develop proper guidelines and methods to acquire vulnerable subjects' consent.
김화선(Kim Hwaseon) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2018 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.23
본고는 아동청소년문학이 인권 문제를 말하는 방식을 살펴보고자 어린이라는 존재의 의미를 재고하는 한편, 인권도서의 범주를 개관하고 인권의 문제를 서사화하는 두 가지 대조적인 방식을 비교해보았다. 먼저, 어린이의 인권 문제를 생각해보는 자리는 방정환에게서 시작된다. 방정환은 어린이를 인격을 지닌 독립적인 주체로 인식하였으나 일상을 살아가는 개별적 주체로서의 어린이가 아니라 ‘어린이’라는 이름으로 표상되는 보편적 주체의 권리를 보장해주었다. 방정환 이후, 어린이의 인권을 재사유하는 아동청소년문학은 대략 두 가지 방식으로 인권 문제를 말하고 있다. ‘인권에 대한 교육’을 목적으로 인권과 관련한 지식을 전달하는 텍스트들은 저자가 의도적으로 개입하여 교훈적 메시지를 제시함으로써 교육적 효과를 높인다. 반면 문학 텍스트들은 동화적 상상력에 바탕을 두고 유토피아적 연대의 가능성을 제시하거나, 어린이들 내부의 차이에 주목하여 일상의 삶을 정치화함으로써 공통적인 세계를 창조해나가는 가능성을 보여준다. 보편적 어린이가 아니라 현실에 존재하는 어린이‘들’에 주목하여 개념어가 명명할 수 없는 개별자들의 인권을 이야기할 때 인간을 위한 문학은 비로소 그 힘을 발휘할 수 있다. In order to look at how children’s literature speak about human rights, this research paper reviewed the meaning of being a child, compared two contrasting ways of opening the categories of human rights books and writing down human rights issues. The place to think about the human rights issue of children begins with Bang Jung-hwan. Although Bang Jung-hwan recognized children as independent subjects with personalities, he ensured the rights of universal subjects represented in the name of ‘children’ rather than children as individual subjects living everyday life. Therefore, post-Bang Jung-hwan, children’s literature that recreates the human rights of children should pay attention to differences inherent in children as universal subjects. Texts conveying knowledge about human rights for the purpose of ‘education on human rights’ do not allow readers the possibility of free interpretation, repeating intentional intervention by the author and outright presentation of instructional messages. On the other hand, works that lead the world’s change show how literature can change the reality, even in the face of the unjust reality of human rights being violated. 『Mr. Mokgirin, Get On!』, 『Do Not Sell Weapons!』, and 『Shout Out, Playground』are examples of the potential of utopian solidarity based on fairy tales of imagination, showing the possibility of creating a common world by politicizing everyday life. Literature for humans can exert its power when talking about the human rights of individuals whose conceptual words cannot be named, paying attention to the child’s’ that exist in reality, not a universal child.
Topicality and Modality in Null Subjects in Child Korean
조숙환 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2014 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.15 No.3
The purpose of this study is two-fold. One purpose was to examine thepattern of change over time in the production of null subjects, in topicrecoverability, and in subject-modal agreement in the speech of two Koreanchildren at several time points. A second purpose was to investigate whethertopic recoverability and verb modality relate to null subject use in Koreanchildren. While the major issue of this paper was change over time in child useof null subjects, I was also interested in looking into the development of theproduction of modals and sensitivity to topic recoverability, in light of the viewthat subject drop is potentially motivated by the grammatical and pragmaticconditions. For these purposes, it was hypothesized in this study that thefrequency of null subjects will increase with age in cases where the referentsare recoverable (old information) and predictable from the modals marked forparticular person. Main findings indicated that at around 2;0 Korean childrenwere able to distinguish old and new information, and drop or overtly reportthe subject accordingly. Our data also demonstrated a possibility that two-yearoldKorean children gradually became sensitive to the connection betweenmodal suffixes and the subjects that agree with them. Based on these findings, itis speculated that, along the lines suggested in Rispoli (1995, p. 345), Soracea etal. (2009), and Shin & Ecker (To appear in 2015), pragmatics on one hand, andspeech act and inflectional morphemes on the other, are possible informationsources for the construction of the relation between the meaning of predicatesand the discourse-pragmatic and syntactic roles encoded by a subject.