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정명숙 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2021 외국학연구 Vol.- No.58
Aambiguity is a phenomenon in which a single linguistic expression has more than one meaning. Since ambiguity is a concept opposite to clarity in natural language, ambiguity must be excluded in order to convey clear meaning. However, in the case of advertising copy, intentional ambiguity is used. This paper is a thesis on ambiguity focusing on modern Chinese advertising copy. As a result of a search on the 百度(baidu) search engine, 1,184 advertisement copies were found by industry, and 110 legendary advertisement copies loved by Chinese people for decades were added, and a total of 1,294 advertisements were selected as the scope. For the study of the ambiguity of Chinese advertisements, referring to the ambivalence types of scholars, the ambivalence types suitable for Chinese were identified as ①lexical ambiguity ②structural ambiguity ③scope ambiguity ④rhetorical ambiguity ⑤ambivalence due to lack of intersubjectivity ⑥aspect ambiguity, ambiguity was investigated by type. As a result, the order of the types in which ambiguity is used the most is rhetorical ambiguity>sentence ambiguity>lexical ambiguity. As a means of strategic communication, ambivalence is often used in poetry and advertising copy. It is hoped that this thesis will serve as a good resource for understanding Chinese people’s humor codes, expression preferences, and Chinese culture.
한성일 한국어의미학회 2008 한국어 의미학 Vol.27 No.-
The present study purposed to examine how ambiguity is utilized as a language strategy and to suggest the necessity of language strategy. Until now, ambiguity has been considered an obstacle to communication, and thus previous research has been focused on how to resolve ambiguity. However, ambiguity is rather a kind of active language strategy for suggestive and creative expression by intentionally breaking away from the maxims of daily conversation. Previous research has also used the term ‘language strategy’ often but its concept has not been defined and explained clearly. Thus, this study defined language strategy as ‘a method or scheme of language use for achieving the goal of communication’ and suggested the necessity for systematic research on the term. In addition, using riddles, humor texts and advertisement texts, this study showed that ambiguity is being utilized as an active language strategy rater than an obstacle to communication. Ambiguities observed in these texts can be classified into lexical ambiguity, metaphorical ambiguity, idiomatic ambiguity and pragmatic ambiguity. These ambiguities were found to obstruct hearers’ interpretation, to be utilized as sophisticated language strategies arousing fun and interest, and to play important roles in achieving the goals of texts. In order to understand effective communication strategies and to improve our abilities to use language, there should be continuous research on active language strategies reflecting creative expressions like ambiguity.
김종훈 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2009 민족문화논총 Vol.43 No.-
This paper aims to suggest the induction of types of 'ambiguity' in the course of teaching how to write a poem to make 'ambiguity', one of the characteristics of poetic language more useful in teaching poetry writing. 'Ambiguity' is the features of literary language or language of poetry generated on the basis of 'definitude', the property of everyday language. However, in relation to the evaluation of each poem, ambiguity has been criticized as the traits that should be avoided and this aggravates the confusion. This confusion affects poem-writing education which aims at 'writing good poem' and therefore, the need for classifying types of ambiguity has been raised. This paper establishes 'open ambiguity' and 'closed ambiguity' as the quality of literary language and 'similar ambiguity' as the characteristics of the language outside the literature. Out of two types of ambiguity that belong to literary language, learners should aim at 'open ambiguity' which continually creates meaning. 'Closed ambiguity' reveals its limits in enhancing students' imagination and sensibility because it is fixed in interpreting the meaning of a poem. This paper shows that the development of 'open ambiguity' helps the language of everyday life and the language of poetry not to exclude each other and also coincides with the role of literature emphasized in literary section of recent curriculum of Korean education. 이 글은 시 언어의 특성 중 하나인 ‘애매성’이 시 창작 교육 과정에서 유용하도록 하기 위하여 몇 가지 ‘애매성’의 유형 도입을 제안하는 시도이다. ‘애매성’은 일상 언어의 특질인 ‘명확성’을 토대로 발생하는 문학 언어 내지는 시 언어의 특성이다. 하지만 개별 시의 가치 평가와 관련해서 이 애매성은 피해야 할 특성으로도 지적되고 있어 혼란을 가중시키고 있다. 이는 ‘좋은 시쓰기’를 지향하는 시 창작 교육에도 영향을 끼치고 있어 세부적인 유형화의 필요성이 제기된다. 이 글은 ‘열린 애매성’ ‘닫힌 애매성’으로 문학 언어의 특성을 설정했고 ‘유사 애매성’은 습작에서나 볼 수 있는 문학 밖 언어의 특성으로 설정했다. 문학 언어의 특성에 속하는 두 가지 애매성 중 시 창작 학습자가 지향해야 할 특성은 의미를 계속 생성하는 ‘열린 애매성’이다. ‘닫힌 애매성’은 의미가 해석 과정에서 고정되어 있는 것으로 드러나 상상력과 감수성을 신장시키는 데 한계를 보인다. ‘열린 애매성’의 신장은 시의 언어와 삶의 언어가 이 배척하지 않게 도우는 동시에 최근 국어과 교육과정의 문학 부분에서 강조한 문학의 역할과 부합한다고 이 글은 판단하였다.
제임스 터렐의 빛과 색에 나타난 공간의 모호성에 관한 연구
김소영 ( Soyoung Kim ),윤재은 ( Jaeeun Yoon ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.1
(Background and Purpose)Recently, a new design culture phenomenon has been created in overall design through artist collaboration. This study focuses on the ways of expressing space that represents the space with light and color in a minimal space of the light art. The spatial expression characteristics of light art allow people to experience more liberal imagination in a space with light. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the ambiguity of space, the appearance of which depends on the reality of light and color in the space, and method of expression. The spatial ambiguity showed in the works of James Terrell is similar to the ambiguity seen in architecture and space, but with palpable emotional differentiation. In this perspective, the works of James Terrell give hints on the sensibility and attitude space designers should adopt when they engage in work. This study aims to characterize the “ambiguity” of space and characteristics in Terrell`s works by exploring the concept of “ambiguity,” particularly spatial ambiguity. (Methods)This study investigates the tendencies of James Terrell`s works and the relationship of the visual perception of light and color with spatial “ambiguity” through literature research and visiting. Based on this, the characteristics of spatial ambiguity with light and color that appear in the works of James Terrell are identified though comprehensive case analysis. (Results)The comprehensive case analysis revealed the Terrell`s spatial ambiguity was immaterial but recognized similarly to materialistic characteristic to a certain extent. The characteristics were divided: first, the ambiguity of experiential space, and second, the ambiguity of observed space. The ambiguity of boundary space and frequency of the ambiguity were different according to the series of works. (Conclusions)The study determined the spatial “ambiguity” in Terrell`s works. The immaterial spatial ambiguity expressed by light and color may have potential for development as a creative spatial creation rather than a temporary phenomenon of modern architecture and space expression. The emotional recognition and experiences of users indicated that design gives value to physical space. Future studies may focus on the expression of immaterial space of light made in a variety of ways and expressed in actual space rather than in works.
정보비대칭과 모호성 하에서 비대칭적 변동성에 관한 연구
김민직,조재호 한국파생상품학회 2020 선물연구 Vol.28 No.1
The asymmetric volatility phenomenon (‘the phenomenon’, henceforth), documented first by Black (1976), refers to the fact that the stock return and its conditional volatility are negatively correlated. To explain ‘the phenomenon’, this paper presents an asymmetric information model under ambiguity, and provides an empirical test of its result as well. We assume that in the Grossman and Stiglitz (1980), uninformed liquidity traders face ambiguity about the distribution of asset payoffs, and that their attitudes toward ambiguity vary depending on the state of the economy. In model I, their utility functions exhibit ambiguity aversion in the bad state and ambiguity neutrality in the good state. In model II, liquidity traders are still ambiguity-averse in the bad state but ambiguity-seeking in the good state. We find that ‘the phenomenon’ appears in model II when the degree of ambiguity is not large. Furthermore, we show that the possibility of ‘the phenomenon’ is higher as the proportion of liquidity traders increases. To perform an empirical analysis, we measure the degree of ambiguity by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic and show that this measure has a positive relationship with the difference between the volatilities in the good and bad states. In addition, we find that the risk factor constructed by the ambiguity measure has explanatory power about returns on 25 portfolios of the Fama-French type in the Korean market. 이 논문은 Black(1976)이 제기한 비대칭적 변동성(asymmetric volatility), 즉 주식수익률과 그 변동성이 음(-)의 관계를 가지는 현상을 투자자의 모호성(ambiguity)에 대한 태도에 의해 설명하려고 한다. 투자자의 정보비대칭을 다룬 Grossman and Stiglitz(1980) 모형의 유동성투자자가 경기상황에 따라 모호성에 대한 태도를 달리해서, 불황-호황에서 각각 모호성 회피-중립(모형 Ⅰ) 또는 모호성 회피-추구(모형 Ⅱ) 성향을 보인다고 가정한다. 모형 Ⅰ에서는 비대칭적 변동성이 나타나지 않는 반면, 모형 Ⅱ에서는 자산수익의 분포에 대한 모호성이 작을 경우 비대칭적 변동성이 나타나는 것을 발견하였다. 모형 Ⅱ의 결과는 유동성투자자가 많을수록 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타난다. 실증분석을 통해, 모호성의 정도가 작은 포트폴리오에서 비대칭적 변동성이 나타날 가능성을 확인하였고, 또 모호성이 포트폴리오의 수익률을 설명할 수 있는 요인이 된다는 주장을 지지하는 결과를 얻었다.
고재영,신미영,한영훈,조득재 한국항해항만학회 2015 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.39 No.1
In high precision positioning systems based on GNSS, ambiguity resolution is an important procedure. Correct ambiguity leads to positioning results which have high precision between millimeters and centimeters. However, when the ambiguity is determined incorrectly, ensuring accuracy and precision of the positioning result is impossible. An ambiguity validation test is required to obtain correct ambiguity when ambiguity resolution is performed based on the ILS (Integer Least Squares), which shows the best performance in point of theory and experiment when compared with other methods such as IR (Integer Rounding) and IB (Integer Bootstrapping). Comparison between the candidates of the validation test is needed to judge ambiguity correctly, because ILS searches for candidates of integer ambiguity, unlike other methods which calculate only one integer ambiguity. We analyzed the experimental performance of ambiguity validation tests. R-ratio, F-ratio and W-ratio were adopted for analysis. The performance of validation tests was evaluated by classifying normal operation, detection, missed detection and false alarm. As a result, strengths and weaknesses of validation tests was showed to experimental. we concluded that validation tests must be selected according to environment. GNSS를 이용한 정밀측위에서 미지정수 결정은 가장 중요한 과정이다. 정확한 미지정수를 추정하는 경우에는 수 mm에서 수 cm의 정밀한 측위결과를 가져오지만 부정확한 미지정수를 사용하는 경우에는 측위결과의 정확도와 정밀도를 보장할 수가 없다. 미지정수 결정은 IR(Integer Rounding), IB(Integer Bootstrapping), ILS(Integer Least Squares) 등의 기법을 기반으로 수행할 수 있다. 이중에서 ILS는 이론적, 실험적으로 가장 좋은 성능을 보여준다. 하지만 다른 기법들과 달리 ILS는 미지정수에 대한 후보를 검색하기 때문에 올바른 미지정수를 판단하기 위한 타당성 검정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 타당성 검정 기법간의 실험적인 비교 분석을 수행한다. 실험에는 타당성 검정 기법으로 자주 쓰이는 R-ratio, F-ratio, W-ratio가 사용되었다. 각 타당성 검정 기법의 성능을 정상동작, 검출, 미검출, 오검출로 나누어 평가하였다. 실험결과로 각 타당성 검정 기법의 장단점이 분명하게 나타났으며, 이를 통해 적용환경에 따라 기법이 선택되어야 함을 확인하였다.
목표모호성과 조직성과: 비선형 관계의 탐색 및 모호성 측정지표 개발을 중심으로
이하영,김경동,김범 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2022 行政論叢 Vol.60 No.2
Although critical discussions on organizational ambiguity have been actively conducted, existing empirical studies often uniformly presuppose a negative relationship between goal ambiguity and organizational performance. Therefore this study examined all aspects in which goal ambiguity can negatively and positively affect public organizational performance (goal achievement, customer satisfaction) for 25 autonomous districts in Seoul, and explored the possibility of a nonlinear relationship between goal ambiguity and organizational performance by employing regression analysis. As a result mission comprehension ambiguity had a significant negative effect on goal achievement while the relationship between mission ambiguity and customer satisfaction is inverted U-shaped non-linear, with customer satisfaction up to a point, beyond which higher levels of mission ambiguity led to a decrease in customer satisfaction. Priority ambiguity had a significant positive effect on target achievement. This study is significant in expanding the existing narrow perspective on the relationship between goal ambiguity and organizational performance and suggests that the uniqueness of public organizations should be considered when managing organizational performance through goal settings in the public sector. In terms of methodology, this study also proposed a new measurement method to supplement the limitations of existing indicators by using semantic diversity of organizational official goals as a measure of goal ambiguity. “모호한 조직목표는 언제나 바람직하지 않은가?” 복잡한 정치적 환경 속에서 작동하는 공공조직의 특수성으로 말미암아 조직의 목표모호성에 관한 비판적 논의가 활발히 이어져 왔음에도 불구하고, 기존의 실증연구들은 목표모호성과 조직성과 간 부(-)의 관계를 일률적으로 전제하는 경우가 대부분이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시 25개 자치구를 대상으로 목표모호성이 공공조직의 성과(목표달성도, 고객만족도)에 부정적, 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있는 측면을 모두 살펴보고, 2차항을 포함한 회귀분석을 통해 목표모호성과 조직성과 간 비선형 관계의 가능성을 탐색하였다. 분석결과, 사명이해모호성은 목표달성도에는 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미친 반면 고객만족도에는 모호성이 일정 수준을 넘는 구간에 한하여 체증하는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤고, 우선순위모호성은 목표달성도에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 반면 고객만족도에는 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 목표모호성과 조직성과의 관계에 대한 기존의 단편적 관점을 확장하였다는 의의를 지니며, 공공부문에서 목표 명료화를 통한 결과 중심의 성과관리 시 공공조직의 특수성을 고려해야 함을 시사한다. 아울러 조직의 공식 목표가 갖는 의미론적 다양성(semantic diversity)을 목표모호성의 측정지표로 활용함으로써 기존 지표의 한계를 보완하는 새로운 측정방법을 제시하였다는 점 또한 방법론적 측면에서 본 연구가 갖는 의의이다.
고재영,신미영,한영훈,조득재 한국항해항만학회 2015 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.39 No.1
GNSS를 이용한 정밀측위에서 미지정수 결정은 가장 중요한 과정이다. 정확한 미지정수를 추정하는 경우에는 수 mm에서 수 cm 의 정밀한 측위결과를 가져오지만 부정확한 미지정수를 사용하는 경우에는 측위결과의 정확도와 정밀도를 보장할 수가 없다. 미지정수 결정 은 IR(Integer Rounding), IB(Integer Bootstrapping), ILS(Integer Least Squares) 등의 기법을 기반으로 수행할 수 있다. 이중에서 ILS는 이 론적, 실험적으로 가장 좋은 성능을 보여준다. 하지만 다른 기법들과 달리 ILS는 미지정수에 대한 후보를 검색하기 때문에 올바른 미지정수 를 판단하기 위한 타당성 검정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 타당성 검정 기법간의 실험적인 비교 분석을 수행한다. 실험에는 타당성 검정 기법 으로 자주 쓰이는 R-ratio, F-ratio, W-ratio가 사용되었다. 각 타당성 검정 기법의 성능을 정상동작, 검출, 미검출, 오검출로 나누어 평가하였 다. 실험결과로 각 타당성 검정 기법의 장단점이 분명하게 나타났으며, 이를 통해 적용환경에 따라 기법이 선택되어야 함을 확인하였다 In high precision positioning systems based on GNSS, ambiguity resolution is an important procedure. Correct ambiguity leads to positioning results which have high precision between millimeters and centimeters. However, when the ambiguity is determined incorrectly, ensuring accuracy and precision of the positioning result is impossible. An ambiguity validation test is required to obtain correct ambiguity when ambiguity resolution is performed based on the ILS (Integer Least Squares), which shows the best performance in point of theory and experiment when compared with other methods such as IR (Integer Rounding) and IB (Integer Bootstrapping). Comparison between the candidates of the validation test is needed to judge ambiguity correctly, because ILS searches for candidates of integer ambiguity, unlike other methods which calculate only one integer ambiguity. We analyzed the experimental performance of ambiguity validation tests. R-ratio, F-ratio and W-ratio were adopted for analysis. The performance of validation tests was evaluated by classifying normal operation, detection, missed detection and false alarm. As a result, strengths and weaknesses of validation tests was showed to experimental. we concluded that validation tests must be selected according to environment.
이정택 한국문법교육학회 2024 문법 교육 Vol.51 No.-
In the first national textbook of Korean grammar, published in 1985, it was mentioned that the plural interpretations of negative sentences are derived from ‘ambiguity’. Afterwards all the textbooks of Korean grammar and almost every Korean academic grammar books were the same as the first national textbook of Korean grammar in this sense. But the intrinsic attribute related with negative sentence is not ‘ambiguity’ but ‘vagueness’. One sentence has more than two explicitly different meanings. We call this attribute of the sentence ‘ambiguity’. But if one sentence has comprehensive and vague meaning, we call this attribute ‘vagueness’. The negative sentence has very comprehensive meaning excluding only the meaning of the positive sentence. This is basically related with ‘vagueness’ and almost every plural interpretations of negative sentences are derived from it. In the comprehensive meaning of negative sentence, if there are more than two explicit meanings, we may call this ‘ambiguity’. We think that one negative sentence in Korean can be interpreted as partial and total negations and we can confirm that this sentence is ambiguous by ‘the test of ambiguity’. So, it may be dangerous to say that the intrinsic attribute of negative sentence is not ‘ambiguity’ but ‘vagueness’. But this like phenomenon is the same as how homonyms make ‘ambiguity’. Therefore we can still say that the intrinsic attribute of negative sentence is ‘vagueness’. From now on, school grammar textbooks and Korean academic grammar books should make it clear that the plural interpretations of one negative sentence are derived from ‘vagueness’.
The optimal insurance demand under an ambiguity aversion
( Jimin Hong ) 한국파생상품학회 2022 선물연구 Vol.30 No.4
This study investigates insurance demand in a two-period model when a decision-maker (DM) is averse to the ambiguity of loss distributions. This study derives sufficient conditions such that the ambiguity-averse DM purchases more insurance than an ambiguity-neutral one when the DM maximises the expected utility. It also derives each sufficient condition to increase insurance demand as ambiguity aversion, ambiguity and downside ambiguity increase, respectively.