Effects of adults body size and larvae diet on the fecundity and percent fertility of eggs laid by Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) females, insect pest in Spanish vineyards

Álvaro Rodríguez‐González,Horacio J. PELÁEZ,Óscar GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ,Sara MAYO,Pedro A. CASQUERO 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.2

Xylotrechus arvicola is a pest of grape in some vine‐producing regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Biological parameters and relationships (fecundity and percent fertility of eggs in relationship to body size) of females obtained in the laboratory and captured in vineyards were studied. In laboratory conditions, the mean developmental time of larvae ranged from 384 to 392 days and pupal stage varied between 12 to 14 days. Body size (BS) of X. arvicola females was significantly bigger than males. Fecundity was greater in the laboratory (147 eggs) than in the field (50 eggs) females, but the percent fertility of the laboratory eggs was lower (16 eggs). Laboratory females showed a bigger relationship between the production of eggs and BS than females captured in vineyards. Wild females (PDO Ribera del Duero and Tierra de León) had a positive relationship between the percent fertility of eggs and the BS. No correlation between the percent fertility of eggs and the BS was displayed by females captured in PDO Toro, but these females had a higher percent fertility (53 eggs) than the others PDO's. These biological parameters and relationships studied suggest that the artificial diet may lack certain essential nutrients that vine varieties can provide that favor the fertility of eggs. This explains why wild females have the potential to become a problem pest in the Tempranillo grape variety, with bilateral cordon and bush vines training systems that have the highest incidence of this cerambycid.

Response to rearing in laboratory of the xylophagous grape pest, Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Álvaro Rodríguez‐González,Sara MAYO,Óscar GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ,Horacio J. PELÁEZ,Pedro A. CASQUERO 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.4

Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main Iberian wine‐producing regions. Larvae were reared with Semi‐Synthetic Iglesias (SSI) diet over 27 months and two generations in the laboratory. Larval mortality was highest during the first (49.49 %) and second (9.38 %) month of rearing, increasing to 50.52 % during the first month if F2 reared larvae were obtained from an F1 adult female obtained in laboratory. The diet had sufficient nutrients to enable the pest to complete its life cycle within nine months, with F1 larval viability ranging from 23.49 % to 27.97 % and F2 larval viability reduced to 2.07 %. However, the diet did not allow for the completion of additional life cycles and generations (F3, F4,…). Larval mortality increased as the months of rearing (66.13 %, 69.51 % and 89.50 %) and generations (59.10 % and 76.93 % in F1 and F2, respectively) progressed in the laboratory. The larva–adult period of females obtained in the laboratory was longer than for males. In the laboratory, the life cycle was shortened in relation to the life cycle in the field because larvae did not require a cold period to break diapause and start pupation. This indicates that X. arvicola has the potential to complete its life cycle inside grape wood in vineyards of wine‐producing regions with warmer winters.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: An Alternative to Triple Therapy in Stroke Patients Undergoing Carotid Angioplasty

Ignacio Cruz-González,Blanca Trejo-Velasco,Laura Redondo-Robles,Luis López-Mesonero,Rocío González-Ferreiro,Jean Carlos Núñez,Javier Rodríguez-Collado,Pedro L Sánchez 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.2

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The wide utility of rabbits as models of human diseases

Pedro J. Esteves,Joana Abrantes,Hanna-Mari Baldauf,Lbachir BenMohamed,Yuxing Chen,Neil Christensen,Javier González-Gallego,Lorenzo Giacani,Jiafen Hu,Gilla Kaplan,Oliver T. Keppler,Katherine L. Knight 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to be valuable for the development and testing of therapeutic humanized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, during the last two decades, the use of the European rabbit as an animal model has been increasingly extended to many human diseases. This review documents the continuing wide utility of the rabbit as a reliable disease model for development of therapeutics and vaccines and studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying many human diseases. Examples include syphilis, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, acute hepatic failure and diseases caused by noroviruses, ocular herpes, and papillomaviruses. The use of rabbits for vaccine development studies, which began with Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine in 1881, continues today with targets that include the potentially blinding HSV-1 virus infection and HIV-AIDS. Additionally, two highly fatal viral diseases, rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, affect the European rabbit and provide unique models to understand co-evolution between a vertebrate host and viral pathogens.

In Vitro and In Vivo Nematicide Effect of Extract Fractions of Pleurotus djamor Against Haemonchus contortus

Manases González-Cortázar,José E Sánchez,Magaly Huicochea-Medina,Victor M Hernández-Velázquez,Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives,Alejandro Zamilpa,Ma Eugenia López-Arellano,Jesús Antonio Pineda-Alegría,Liliana Ag 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.3

Sheep haemonchosis is a disease that causes anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, low production, and even death of young animals. This represents a negative economic impact on the livestock sector. For decades, chemicals have been used to control this parasitic disease; however, cases of anthelmintic resistance have increased around the world. For this reason, the search for control alternatives is necessary. Several studies have shown that edible mushrooms of Pleurotus genus have different medicinal properties, including nematicidal activity. In this study, the chromatographic fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract of fruiting bodies Pleurotus djamor was carried out to identify and isolate the metabolites responsible for nematicidal activity. From the fractionation of the extract, the fraction PdR2 and the subfraction PdB were obtained, which were evaluated against Haemonchus contortus under in vitro conditions. The nematicidal effect of the fraction PdB in gerbils infected artificially with H. contortus was evaluated. Finally, the analysis of the PdB fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance was carried out. The results showed that the PdB had 100% of egg hatching inhibition from 5 mg/mL. Regarding larvicidal activity, it presented >97.2% from 24 h to 20 mg/mL. The in vivo evaluation of the PdB fraction showed a reduction of H. contortus larvae of 92.56%. The compounds present in this fraction were the mixture of allitol and an unidentified terpene in a ratio of 9:1. The PdB fraction is a potential alternative for the control of H. contortus, where allitol and a terpene could be responsible for nematicidal activity.

ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC BRAKING SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

V. MILANÉS,C. GONZÁLEZ,J. E. NARANJO,E. ONIEVA,T. DE PEDRO 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.1

Reducing the number of traffic accidents is a declared target of most governments. Since dependence on driver reaction is the main cause of road accidents, it would be advisable to replace the human factor in some driving-related tasks with automated solutions. To automate a vehicle, it is necessary to control the actuators of a car, i.e., the steering wheel, accelerator, and brake. This paper presents the design and implementation of an electro-hydraulic braking system consisting of a pump and various valves, allowing the control computer to stop the car. It is assembled in conjunction with the original circuit for the sake of robustness and to permit the two systems to halt the car independently. This system was developed for installation in a commercial Citroën C3 Pluriel of the AUTOPIA program. Various tests were carried out to verify its correct operation, and an experiment showing the integration of the system into the longitudinal control of the car is described.

Interfacial engineering of quantum dot-sensitized TiO₂ fibrous electrodes for futuristic photoanodes in photovoltaic applications

Sudhagar, P.,Gonzá,lez-Pedro, Victoria,Mora-Seró,, Ivá,n,Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco,Bisquert, Juan,Kang, Yong Soo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.28

<P>Herein we report generic surface treatment approaches to improve the electronic interfaces of quantum dot-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> fiber electrodes, thereby promoting their photoanode performance. Highly dense, continuous and nanostructured TiO<SUB>2</SUB> fibrous membranes, without the inclusion of a scattering layer, unlike conventional TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particulate electrodes, showed feasible photoconversion performance under the proposed interfacial engineering modification. The proposed interfacial treatment concerns fibrous membranes both before and after calcination. The chemical vapor pre-treatment on an as-deposited fibrous membrane using tetrahydrofuran (THF) reinforces the physical contact between the fibrous membrane and the transparent conducting substrate and reduces significantly the recombination rate. In the case of post-treatment by F-ion on a fibrous surface, together with the interfacial engineering approach, the ZnS surface passivation layer markedly improves the photoanode performance of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> fibrous membrane nearly to a factor of 3.2% with a remarkable open-circuit voltage <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> = 0.69 V and <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> = 13 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> under 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm<SUP>−2</SUP>). This report provides an excellent platform for studying and understanding the interfacial contacts and mechanisms related to the charge transfer at CdS/CdSe QD-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> fibrous assemblies. Such implications of this interfacial treatment strategy can be successfully extended to a wide range of photoanode candidates in energy conversion systems and confirm the effectiveness of some alternative nanostructured electrodes for the development of semiconductor-sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The generic surface treatment approaches were demonstrated to improve the electronic interfaces of quantum dot-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> fiber electrodes, thereby improving their photoanode performance in solar cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm31599h'> </P>

Factorial design approach to assess the effect of fiber–matrix adhesion on the IFSS and work of adhesion of carbon fiber/ polysulfone‑modified epoxy composites

Javier I. Cauich‑Cupul,Pedro J. Herrera‑Franco,Edgar García‑Hernández,Veronica Moreno‑Chulim,Alex Valadez‑González 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4

A two-level full factorial design 22 with three replications was employed to assess the effect of the incorporation of PSF into the epoxy matrix and the surface treatment of carbon fibers on the work of adhesion (WA) and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber–epoxy composites. The IFSS was determined using the microbond (or microdrop) micromechanical test, and the work of adhesion was estimated using two different procedures: (1) using the Owens and Wendt method, and (2) from the Dupre–Young expression using the contact angle θ of a cured epoxy resin on a single carbon fiber and the surface energy of the cured epoxy resin. It was found that the treatment of the carbon fiber with the silane-coupling agent appreciably increases its polar component because of the nitric acid oxidation and the chemisorption of the silane-coupling agent onto the carbon fiber surface. Also, the O=S=O group present in the polysulfone chain resin fairly increases the polar component of the epoxy–PSF blend. The results show that the wetting of the silane-treated carbon fiber by the thermoplastic-modified epoxy resin is better, thus increasing the fiber–matrix adhesion. It was also found that there is a similarity between the trends of both, the IFSS and the WA results. Also, from the ANOVA results it was also seen that both the incorporation of the PSF to the epoxy matrix and the surface treatment of the carbon fibers and their interaction were statistically significant to the IFSS and the WA.

Conceptual frameworks regarding waterborne diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and the need of for a new approach to urban exposomes

Alexandre Zerbo,Rafael Castro Delgado,Pedro Arcos Gonzá , lez 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-

Sub-Saharan African countries, like many other low-income countries, have experienced urban socioeconomic inequalities due to rapid and unplanned urbanization. These processes have resulted in the creation of poor urban areas lacking basic sanitation, water, and hygiene facilities, and subjacent public health issues such as the spread of waterborne diseases. A system for the demarcation of disease transmission areas already exists, but the traditional framework is less appropriate in sub-Saharan Africa, making it necessary to divide these urban areas more adequately. In addition, the construction of frameworks and tools more specific to waterborne disease-related issues is essential. We propose restructuring sub-Saharan urban areas into more specific areas of exposure to waterborne diseases and associated exposomes, and then use this restructuring of urban areas of exposure to waterborne diseases in a conceptual framework that takes into account causes of exposure, impacts, and interventions. The division of urban areas into public, domestic, and individual exposure areas facilitates a more straightforward understanding of the dynamics of waterborne exposomes. Moreover, the inclusion of this division in the driving force-pressure–state–exposure–effect–action framework allows an effective stratified implementation of urban public health policies.

Factorial design approach to assess the effect of fiber–matrix adhesion on the IFSS and work of adhesion of carbon fiber/polysulfone-modified epoxy composites

Cauich-Cupul Javier I.,Herrera-Franco Pedro J.,García-Hernández Edgar,Moreno-Chulim Veronica,Valadez-González Alex 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.4

A two-level full factorial design 22 with three replications was employed to assess the effect of the incorporation of PSF into the epoxy matrix and the surface treatment of carbon fibers on the work of adhesion (WA) and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber–epoxy composites. The IFSS was determined using the microbond (or microdrop) micromechanical test, and the work of adhesion was estimated using two different procedures: (1) using the Owens and Wendt method, and (2) from the Dupre–Young expression using the contact angle θ of a cured epoxy resin on a single carbon fiber and the surface energy of the cured epoxy resin. It was found that the treatment of the carbon fiber with the silane-coupling agent appreciably increases its polar component because of the nitric acid oxidation and the chemisorption of the silane-coupling agent onto the carbon fiber surface. Also, the O=S=O group present in the polysulfone chain resin fairly increases the polar component of the epoxy–PSF blend. The results show that the wetting of the silane-treated carbon fiber by the thermoplastic-modified epoxy resin is better, thus increasing the fiber–matrix adhesion. It was also found that there is a similarity between the trends of both, the IFSS and the WA results. Also, from the ANOVA results it was also seen that both the incorporation of the PSF to the epoxy matrix and the surface treatment of the carbon fibers and their interaction were statistically significant to the IFSS and the WA.