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Epigenetic Cross-Talk between DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in Human Cancers
Yutaka Kondo 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.4
DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the chromatin structure are profoundly altered in human cancers. The silencing of cancer-related genes by these epigenetic regulators is recognized as a key mechanism in tumor formation. Recent findings revealed that DNA methylation and histone modifications appear to be linked to each other. However, it is not clearly understood how the formation of histone modifications may affect DNA methylation and which genes are relevantly involved with tumor formation. The presence of histone modifications does not always link to DNA methylation in human cancers, which suggests that another factor is required to connect these two epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, examples of studies that demonstrated the relationship between histone modifications and DNA methylation in human cancers are presented and the potential implications of these epigenetic mechanisms in human neoplasia are discussed. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the chromatin structure are profoundly altered in human cancers. The silencing of cancer-related genes by these epigenetic regulators is recognized as a key mechanism in tumor formation. Recent findings revealed that DNA methylation and histone modifications appear to be linked to each other. However, it is not clearly understood how the formation of histone modifications may affect DNA methylation and which genes are relevantly involved with tumor formation. The presence of histone modifications does not always link to DNA methylation in human cancers, which suggests that another factor is required to connect these two epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, examples of studies that demonstrated the relationship between histone modifications and DNA methylation in human cancers are presented and the potential implications of these epigenetic mechanisms in human neoplasia are discussed.
Endocuff-Assisted versus Cap-Assisted Colonoscopy Performed by Trainees: A Retrospective Study
Yutaka Okagawa,Tetsuya Sumiyoshi,Yusuke Tomita,Shutaro Oiwa,Fumihiro Ogata,Takashi Jin,Masahiro Yoshida,Ryoji Fujii,Takeyoshi Minagawa,Kohtaro Morita,Hideyuki Ihara,Michiaki Hirayama,Hitoshi Kondo 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.3
Background/Aims: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) of screening colonoscopies performed by trainees is often lower than thatof colonoscopies performed by experts. The effcacy of cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) in adenoma detection is well documented,especially that of CACs performed by trainees. Endocuff, a new endoscopic cap, is reportedly useful for adenoma detection; however,no trials have compared the effcacy of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and CAC conducted by trainees. Therefore, the presentstudy retrospectively compared the effcacy between EAC and CAC in trainees. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study involving 305 patients who underwent either EAC or CAC performed by threetrainees between January and December 2018. We evaluated the ADR, mean number of adenomas detected per patient (MAP), cecalintubation rate, cecal intubation time, and occurrence of complications between the EAC and CAC groups. Results: The ADR was significantly higher in the EAC group than in the CAC group (54.3% vs. 37.3%, p=0.019), as was the MAP (1.36vs. 0.74, p=0.003). No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to the cecal intubation rate or cecal intubationtime. No major complications occurred in either group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that EAC exhibits increased ADR and MAP compared to CAC when performed by trainees.
Bae, Min-Suk,Hong, Chun-Sang,Kim, Young J.,Han, Jin-Seok,Moon, Kwang-Ju,Kondo, Yutaka,Komazaki, Yuichi,Miyazaki, Yuzo Elsevier 2007 Atmospheric environment Vol.41 No.13
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A formal intercomparison of fine particle elemental (black) carbon is conducted involving three real-time semi-continuous measurement systems. Two-hourly interval time-resolved measurements of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were performed at the Gosan site, Korea during Atmospheric Brown Clouds–East Asian Regional Experiment 2005 (ABC-EAREX2005) campaign. They were operated by the same semi-continuous field carbon instruments of Sunset Laboratory (thermal optical transmittance) in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> particulate. However, their thermal protocols (four and two steps for OC and five and two steps for EC) were different. The co-located 1min black carbon (BC) concentrations were compared by an Aethalometer for an intercomparison study.</P><P>As a result, the poor <I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> of OC between two different temperature protocols suggested that OC can be significantly more biased by the slight differences of maximum temperature (870 and 840°C) and a number of temperature steps (four steps and two steps) with their hold times. However, EC that is a smaller fraction of total carbon (TC) shows the good agreement between two different protocols, which are under a mixture of 2% O<SUB>2</SUB> and 98% He in six temperature steps and two temperature steps as max as 900 and 880°C with the slope of 1.05±0.15 (<I>R</I><SUP>2</SUP> of 0.98). The different slopes between EC and BC, which show the range of 1.23–1.61, demonstrate the variability of the attenuation coefficient of the BC particulate.</P>