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Request and Question Perspective in Interlanguage Pragmatics
Sung Kyu Yun,Woo-hyun Jung 한국사회언어학회 2004 사회언어학 Vol.12 No.2
Yun, Sung Kyu & Jung, Woo-hyun. 2004. Request and Question Perspective in Interlanguage Pragmatics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 12(2). This paper is an interlanguage pragmatic study of request and question perspective. It aims to explore whether there are any differences in request perspective between American English native speakers and Korean EFL learners. To this end, this study employed a Discourse Completion Test, which consisted of eight situations. Data were collected from three different groups: native speakers of English; Korean learners of English; native speakers of Korean. The results showed that the learners deviated from native pragmatic norms in the choice of perspective in a relatively systematic way. The same held even more obviously in the use of please in interacting with request perspective. It was also shown that the mismatch between the native and nonnative groups in perspective was an instance of pragmatic transfer. The results suggested that the notions of imposition and politeness operated differently in perspective between the native and nonnative groups. It is expected that this study will shed light on the phenomenon of interlanguage pragmatics and the aspect of pragmatic transfer, revealing how learners differ from native speakers with respect to request perspective and what causes the differences.
Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45
<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>
Yun Kyung Choo,Sung Taek Oh,Kyung Woo Lee,Chang Won Kang,Hyun Wook Kim,Cheon Jei Kim,Eun Jib Kim,Hee Sung Kim,Byoung Ki An 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.5
The present study was conducted to compare the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of the eggtype male growing chicken (EM), white-mini broiler (WB), and commercial broiler (Ross 308, CB). A total of 360 1-d-old chicks were reared together using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates for each group under the identical feeding and rearing conditions. The ADG and gain:feed were the highest in CB, intermediate in WB, and the lowest in EM (p< 0.05), and the live and carcass weights of CB and EM were significantly higher than those of WB (p<0.05). The pH of breast meat from WB and CB was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that from EM with a similar body weight. The EM had the lowest moisture (p<0.05) and the highest protein content (p<0.05), whereas the fat and ash contents were not different among groups. The mystiric acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 ω7), and oleic acid (C18:1 ω9) levels were significantly higher in breast meat from CB (p<0.05). The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content showed the highest (p<0.05) levels in CB. In contrast, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents of breast meat, including linoleic acid (C18:2 ω6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 ω6), were higher (p<0.05) in EM and WB than in CB. In conclusion, the EM and WB had less growth performances in comparison with CB, but they each had some unique features (taste, flavor, and physiological characteristics) when raised under the identical rearing and feeding conditions.
Yun, Dayeon,Kim, Hyun-Ouk,Son, Hye Young,Choi, Yuna,Noh, Ilkoo,Lim, Jong-Woo,Kim, Jihye,Chun, Haejin,Park, Geunseon,Lee, Dong Ki,Jang, Sung Il,Jang, Eunji,Huh, Yong-Min,Haam, Seungjoo Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry B Vol. No.
<P>The use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) is a promising strategy for non-vascular diseases, especially human biliary cancer. However, the implementation of DESs suffers from two major obstacles: the side effects of drugs and the difficulty of controlling the drug release. These problems can be overcome if the stent elutes targeting nanoparticles that release drugs at time intervals that are dictated by the mechanisms of those drugs. We designed temporally controlled polymeric multi-prodrug nanoparticles (TCMPNs) that can be eluted from stents comprising polyurethane (PU) nanofiber as a polymeric matrix and paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded, CD44-targeting, hyaluronic acid-conjugated poly(lactic-<I>co</I>-glycolic acid) and gemcitabine (GEM) (P-H-G). TCMPNs enable two different types of drugs to be released temporally; PTX is released first owing to the collapse of the structure in the endosomes, and GEM, which induces synergistic anticancer activities, is hydrolyzed from P-H-G later in response to low pH. Embedded in the PU nanofiber, the TCMPNs demonstrate low initial burst behavior and sustainable release of the prodrug <I>in vitro</I>. Furthermore, TCMPN-eluting stents (TESs) exhibit continuous synergistic efficacy as available targeted cellular uptake prodrug delivery systems in tumor-bearing mice. These results demonstrate that this technology will open up cancer therapy by combining localized delivery and functional multi-drug-loaded nanoparticles.</P>
Yun-Jung Lee,Tae Joon Won,Kyeong Eun Hyung,Mi Ji Lee,Young-hye Moon,Ik Hee Lee,Byung Sung Go,Kwang Woo Hwang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.1
Cell death and survival are tightly controlled through the highly coordinated activation/inhibition of diverse signal transduction pathways to insure normal development and physiology. Imbalance between cell death and survival often leads to autoimmune diseases and cancer. Death receptors sense extracellular signals to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Acting upstream of CED-3 family proteases, such as caspase-3, Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), we suppressed Bcl-2 expression in Jurkat T cells, and this increased TCR-triggered AICD and enhanced TNFR gene expre-ssion. Also, knockdown of Bcl-2 in Jurkat T cells suppressed the gene expression of FLIP, TNF receptor-associated factors 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF4. Furthermore, suppressed B
Woo-Duck Seo,Jun Young Kim,Ki Chang Jang,Sang-Ik Han,Ji-Eun Ra,Seong-Hwan Oh,Jin Hwan Lee,Yun-Geun Kim,강현중,Byung-Joo Kim,Min-Hee Nam 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.5
Investigation of the melanogenesis inhibitory effect of barnyard millet grain extracts (BME) led to isolation of compounds against mushroom tyrosinase and B16 melanoma cells. Chromatography yielded five phenolic compounds, among which n-p-coumaroyl serotonin (1, CS) exhibited potent non-competitive inhibition (IC50 =8.8 μM) compared with that of kojic acid (IC50=14.6 μM) against mushroom tyrosinase. More importantly,CS decreased melanin content to eight times lower (IC50 =11.6μM) in B16 melanocytes than that of feruloyl serotonin (2, FS,IC50 =86.5 μM) without cytotoxicity. CS significantly inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor using immunoblotting. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations were also carried out to investigate the structure related to the inhibitory activities. Therefore, BME can be used as a natural source of depigmentation to prevent melanogenesis.
Yun, Dong-Jin,Hong, KiPyo,Kim, Se hyun,Yun, Won-Min,Jang, Jae-young,Kwon, Woo-Sung,Park, Chan-Eon,Rhee, Shi-Woo American Chemical Society 2011 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.3 No.1
<P>Highly conductive multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films were prepared by spin coating a mixture solution. The solution was prepared by dispersing MWNT in the PEDOT:PSS solution in water using ultrasonication without any oxidation process. The effect of the MWNT loading in the solution on the film properties such as surface roughness, work function, surface energy, optical transparency, and conductivity was studied. The conductivity of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS composite film was increased with higher MWNT loading and the high conductivity of MWNT/PEDOT:PSS films enabled them to be used as a source/drain electrode in organic thin film transistor (OTFT). The pentacene TFT with MWNT/PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode showed much higher performance with mobility about 0.2 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) and on/off ratio about 5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> compared to that with PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode (∼0.05 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s), 1 × 10<SUP>5</SUP>). The complementary inverters exhibited excellent characteristics, including high gain value of about 30.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2011/aamick.2011.3.issue-1/am1008375/production/images/medium/am-2010-008375_0007.gif'></P>
Helicobacter pylori: A Possible Risk Factor for Bone Health
Yun Hee Chung,Jong Seop Gwak,Sung Woo Hong,Jung Hyeon Hyeon,Cheol Min Lee,Seung Won Oh,Hyuktae Kwon 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may cause systemic inflammation and increase the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. Unfortunately, bone mineral density also may be affected by these cytokines. This study aimed to evaluate the association between bone mineral density and H. pylori infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 1,126 men undergoing a comprehensive health screening in a private Korean screening center. Subjects’ sera were tested for H. pylori antibodies (immunoglobulin G) using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and bone mineral densities (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To evaluate the difference in bone mineral density according to H. pylori infection status, the adjusted mean bone mineral densities at each site were compared after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise. Results: H. pylori infection was associated with a significant decrease in mean lumbar bone mineral density (H. pylori- positive, 1.190 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.219 g/cm2; P=0.006), which was greatest among men who were ≥50 years old (H. pylori-positive, 1.193 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.233 g/cm2; P=0.006). However, no significant association was observed in the bone mineral densities of the total femur and femoral neck. Conclusion: In men, H. pylori infection was negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density. This association may be useful in the early detection, prevention, and management of male osteoporosis.
( Yun Nah Lee ),( Jong Ho Moon ),( Hyun Jong Choi ),( Hee Jae Jung ),( Moon Han Choi ),( Tae Hoon Lee ),( Sang Woo Cha ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Sang Heum Park ),( Sun Joo Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background and Aims: Direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOC) using an ultra-slim endoscope is one of possible POCs by single operator to provide direct visualization of the bile duct. However, currently available accessory for DPOC is limited for the effective procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and success rate of intraductal guided DPOC with a novel access balloon catheter for cholangioscopy to maintain access. Patients and Methods: From January 2014 to July 2014, 36 patients with biliary obstruction underwent DPOC. Biliary obstruction on intra-pancreatic segment was excluded. All patients underwent an endoscopic sphincterotomy and/or papillary balloon dilation. Intraductal balloon guided DPOC using modifi ed two lumens 5F access balloon catheter for cholangioscopy (MTW Endoskopie, Wesel, Germany) was performed. The success of cholangioscopy was defi ned as advance of the endoscope into the distal margin of obstruction. Results: The success rate of intraductal balloon guided direct POC using access balloon catheter was 97.2% (35/36 patients). 26 patients were malignant, and 5 patients was benign biliary stricture, 4 patients showed impacted stone. DPOC was failed in one patient with benign stricture. Interventional procedures including forceps biopsy or lithotripsy were performed successfully, if needed. Procedure related complication was not occurred in all patients except one self-limited cholangitis. Conclusions: Modifi ed access balloon catheter for cholangioscopy seems to facilitate performing intraductal balloon guided DPOC for the direct visual examination of bile duct in patients with biliary obstruction.