CROISSANCE VERTE ET CONSTITUTION

프레데릭 롤랑(Fr&eacute,dé,ric ROLIN) 유럽헌법학회 2012 유럽헌법연구 Vol.12 No.-

한국의 녹색성장을 실현하기 위한 일련의 행위나 프랑스의 환경 그르넬의 틀 안에서 알 수 있는 것은 기후 변화와 화석연료의 방출효과는 새로운 경제정책을 요구하고 있다. 이러한 정책들은 단순히 반대를 형성 하지 않는 단언일 뿐만 아니라 새로운 형태의 성장을 창조하는 적합성이다. 그러므로 우리는 이러한 정책들 속에서, 공공관여는 녹색성장의 정의나 그 실행에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 확신할 수 있다. 예를 들면 국가나 녹색성장에 관련된 새로운 행위영역을 위한 규범화 작업을하는 것이던, 국가가 재정적 역할을 하는 것이던, 녹색 상품의 경쟁력을 높이기 위하여 국가의 공공정책이나 국제공공정책을 장려하는 것들일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 녹색성장에 관현한 과거의 헌법규범이 현재의 현실에 맞지 않는다는 사실과 녹색성장의 입법화 도구로서 헌법, 녹색성장을 담보하기 위한 규범으로서의 헌법 등에 관하여 살펴보았다. 결론적으로 헌법과 녹색성장과의 관계는 단순히 상징적인 것이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉, 국가의 헌법 속에 녹색성장의 원칙을 담보하는 것을 허용하는 규범을 포함시키는 것은 국가에게 녹색성장에 장애가 되는 규정들을 철폐하고 일정한 조건하에서 녹색성장을 위한 공공정책에 법적 지지를 하는 것이다. Dans ces travaux l`idée fréquemment affirmée que l`intervention publique doit jouer un rôle important dans la définition et la mise en oeuvre de cette croissance verte, soit que l’État favorise par des réglementations nouvelles des secteurs d`activités liés à la croissance verte (obligations d`isolation des logements qui réduisent la consommation des chauffages et obligent à réfléchir à de nouveaux matériaux de construction verts, par exemple), soit qu`il joue sur le ressort fiscal (primes pour les produits verts, pénalités pour les produits non verts), soit qu`il impulse des politiques publiques nationales ou internationales visant à améliorer la compétitivité des produits verts (recherche et développement, partenariats publics privés, aide au développement).

Positivity properties of the bundle of logarithmic tensors on compact Kähler manifolds

Campana, Fr&eacute,dé,ric,Pă,un, Mihai London Mathematical Society 2016 Compositio mathematica Vol.152 No.11

<P>Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold, endowed with an effective reduced divisor $B=\sum Y_{k}$ having simple normal crossing support. We consider a closed form of $(1,1)$-type $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ on $X$ whose corresponding class $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\}$ is nef, such that the class $c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\}\in H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb{R})$ is pseudo-effective. A particular case of the first result we establish in this short note states the following. Let $m$ be a positive integer, and let $L$ be a line bundle on $X$, such that there exists a generically injective morphism $L\rightarrow \bigotimes ^{m}T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$, where we denote by $T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$ the logarithmic cotangent bundle associated to the pair $(X,B)$. Then for any Kähler class $\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}$ on $X$, we have the inequality $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \int _{X}c_{1}(L)\wedge \{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}^{n-1}\leqslant m\int _{X}(c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\})\wedge \{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}\}^{n-1}.\end{eqnarray}$$ If $X$ is projective, then this result gives a generalization of a criterion due to Y. Miyaoka, concerning the generic semi-positivity: under the hypothesis above, let $Q$ be the quotient of $\bigotimes ^{m}T_{X}^{\star }\langle B\rangle$ by $L$. Then its degree on a generic complete intersection curve $C\subset X$ is bounded from below by $$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle \biggl(\frac{n^{m}-1}{n-1}-m\biggr)\int _{C}(c_{1}(K_{X}+B)+\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\})-\frac{n^{m}-1}{n-1}\int _{C}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}.\end{eqnarray}$$ As a consequence, we obtain a new proof of one of the main results of our previous work [F. Campana and M. Păun, <I>Orbifold generic semi-positivity: an application to families of canonically polarized manifolds</I>, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 65 (2015), 835-861].</P>

Thermally rearranged polybenzoxazoles made from poly(<i>ortho</i>-hydroxyamide)s. Characterization and evaluation as gas separation membranes

Dí,ez, Blanca,Cuadrado, Purificació,n,Marcos-Ferná,ndez, Á,ngel,de la Campa, Jos&eacute,G.,Tena, Alberto,Prá,danos, Pedro,Palacio, Laura,Lee, Young Moo,Alvarez, Cristina Elsevier 2018 Reactive & functional polymers Vol.127 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two series of aromatic poly(<I>ortho</I>-hydroxyamide)s (poly(<I>o</I>-hydroxyamide)s, HPAs) were prepared by reaction of two diamines, 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (APA) and 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (APAF), with four aromatic diacid chlorides; terephthaloyl dichloride (TPC), isophthaloyl dichloride (IPC), 2,2-bis[4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FC) and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoyl dichloride (DBSC). Amorphous HPAs with high molecular weights (inherent viscosities higher than 0.5 dL/g) and relatively high glass transition temperatures (220–280 °C) were obtained. Dense membranes of HPAs were able to undergo a thermal rearrangement (TR) process to polybenzoxazoles (β-TR-PBOs) heating at moderate temperatures (between 250 and 375 °C), and their complete conversion was reached at a temperature below 375 °C, depending on the <I>o</I>-hydroxy diamine moiety, APA and APAF. The β-TR-PBOs films derived from APAF showed a higher thermal stability and higher Tg than those from APA. Gas separation properties of TR-PBOs membranes were superior to those of their poly(<I>o</I>-hydroxyamide) precursors, particularly for the following gas pairs: O<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB>, He/CH<SUB>4</SUB> and He/CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P>

The Immune Landscape of Cancer

Thorsson, V&eacute,steinn,Gibbs, David L.,Brown, Scott D.,Wolf, Denise,Bortone, Dante S.,Ou Yang, Tai-Hsien,Porta-Pardo, Eduard,Gao, Galen F.,Plaisier, Christopher L.,Eddy, James A.,Ziv, Elad,Culhane, Elsevier 2018 Immunity Vol.48 No.4

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>We performed an extensive immunogenomic analysis of more than 10,000 tumors comprising 33 diverse cancer types by utilizing data compiled by TCGA. Across cancer types, we identified six immune subtypes—wound healing, IFN-γ dominant, inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologically quiet, and TGF-β dominant—characterized by differences in macrophage or lymphocyte signatures, Th1:Th2 cell ratio, extent of intratumoral heterogeneity, aneuploidy, extent of neoantigen load, overall cell proliferation, expression of immunomodulatory genes, and prognosis. Specific driver mutations correlated with lower (<I>CTNNB1</I>, <I>NRAS</I>, or <I>IDH1</I>) or higher (<I>BRAF</I>, <I>TP53</I>, or <I>CASP8</I>) leukocyte levels across all cancers. Multiple control modalities of the intracellular and extracellular networks (transcription, microRNAs, copy number, and epigenetic processes) were involved in tumor-immune cell interactions, both across and within immune subtypes. Our immunogenomics pipeline to characterize these heterogeneous tumors and the resulting data are intended to serve as a resource for future targeted studies to further advance the field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Six identified immune subtypes span cancer tissue types and molecular subtypes </LI> <LI> Immune subtypes differ by somatic aberrations, microenvironment, and survival </LI> <LI> Multiple control modalities of molecular networks affect tumor-immune interactions </LI> <LI> These analyses serve as a resource for exploring immunogenicity across cancer types </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes show strong biological activity by avoiding interaction with IL-2 receptor α subunit CD25

L&eacute,tourneau, Sven,van Leeuwen, Ester M. M.,Krieg, Carsten,Martin, Chris,Pantaleo, Giuseppe,Sprent, Jonathan,Surh, Charles D.,Boyman, Onur Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.107 No.5

<P>IL-2 is crucial to T cell homeostasis, especially of CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T regulatory cells and memory CD8<SUP>+</SUP> cells, as evidenced by vigorous proliferation of these cells in vivo following injections of superagonist IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes. The mechanism of IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes is unknown owing to a lack of understanding of IL-2 homeostasis. We show that IL-2 receptor α (CD25) plays a crucial role in IL-2 homeostasis. Thus, prolongation of IL-2 half-life and blocking of CD25 using antibodies or CD25-deficient mice led in combination, but not alone, to vigorous IL-2-mediated T cell proliferation, similar to IL-2/anti-IL-2 antibody complexes. These data suggest an unpredicted role for CD25 in IL-2 homeostasis.</P>

Excitation Energy Transfer in Organic Materials: From Fundamentals to Optoelectronic Devices

Laquai, Fr&eacute,dé,ric,Park, Young-Seo,Kim, Jang-Joo,Basch&eacute,, Thomas WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.30 No.14

<P>In this review, we discuss investigations of electronic excitation energy transfer in conjugated organic materials at the bulk and single molecule level and applications of energy transfer in fluorescent and phosphorescent organic light emitting devices. A brief overview of common descriptions of energy transfer mechanisms is given followed by a discussion of some basic photophysics of conjugated materials including the generation of excited states and their subsequent decay through various channels. In particular, various examples of bimolecular excited state annihilation processes are presented. Energy transfer studies at the single molecule level provide a new tool to study electronic couplings in simple donor/acceptor dyads and conjugated polymers. Finally, energy transfer in organic electronic devices is discussed with particular emphasis on triplet emitter doped OLEDs and blends for white light emission.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900309-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900309-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Understanding energy transfer in small organic molecules and conjugated polymers is a prerequisite for the design of novel materials for organic optoelectronics. Bulk as well as single molecule studies of energy transfer yield information which ultimately will help to optimize device structures. <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900309-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900309-content'> </P>

Shell evolution of <i>N</i> = 40 isotones towards ⁶⁰Ca: First spectroscopy of ⁶²Ti

Cort&eacute,s, M.L.,Rodriguez, W.,Doornenbal, P.,Obertelli, A.,Holt, J.D.,Lenzi, S.M.,Men&eacute,ndez, J.,Nowacki, F.,Ogata, K.,Poves, A.,Rodrí,guez, T.R.,Schwenk, A.,Simonis, J.,Stroberg, S.R. North-Holland Pub. Co 2020 Physics letters. Section B Vol.800 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Excited states in the N = 40 isotone <SUP>62</SUP>Ti were populated via the <SUP>63</SUP>V ( p , 2 p ) <SUP>62</SUP>Ti reaction at ∼200 MeV/nucleon at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory and studied using <I>γ</I>-ray spectroscopy. The energies of the 2 1 + → 0 gs + and 4 1 + → 2 1 + transitions, observed here for the first time, indicate a deformed <SUP>62</SUP>Ti ground state. These energies are increased compared to the neighboring <SUP>64</SUP>Cr and <SUP>66</SUP>Fe isotones, suggesting a small decrease of quadrupole collectivity. The present measurement is well reproduced by large-scale shell-model calculations based on effective interactions, while ab initio and beyond mean-field calculations do not yet reproduce our findings. The shell-model calculations for <SUP>62</SUP>Ti show a dominant configuration with four neutrons excited across the N = 40 gap. Likewise, they indicate that the N = 40 island of inversion extends down to Z = 20 , disfavoring a possible doubly magic character of the elusive <SUP>60</SUP>Ca.</P>

SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING

Heinis, S&eacute,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, St&eacute,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2

OGLE 2008-BLG-290: an accurate measurement of the limb darkening of a galactic bulge K Giant spatially resolved by microlensing

Fouqu&eacute,, P.,Heyrovský,, D.,Dong, S.,Gould, A.,Udalski, A.,Albrow, M. D.,Batista, V.,Beaulieu, J.-P.,Bennett, D. P.,Bond, I. A.,Bramich, D. M.,Calchi Novati, S.,Cassan, A.,Coutures, C.,Diet EDP Sciences 2010 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.518 No.2

Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids: Structure–Activity Relationship and Chemotherapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Leukemia

Menezes, Jos&eacute,C. J. M. D. S.,Orlikova, Barbora,Morceau, Franck,Diederich, Marc Taylor Francis 2016 Critical reviews in food science and nutrition Vol.56 No.-

<P>Flavonoids and their derivatives are polyphenolic secondary metabolites with an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. These flavonoids can also act as chemopreventive agents by their interaction with different proteins and can play a vital role in chemotherapy, suggesting a positive correlation between a lower risk of cancer and a flavonoid-rich diet. These agents interfere with the main hallmarks of cancer by various individual mechanisms, such as inhibition of cell growth and proliferation by arresting the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review is an effort to highlight the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic flavonoids as anticancer agents in leukemia treatment with respect to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and their molecular mechanisms. Induction of cell death mechanisms, production of reactive oxygen species, and drug resistance mechanisms, including p-glycoprotein efflux, are among the best-described effects triggered by the flavonoid polyphenol family.</P>