남한 내 북한이탈주민의 3년간 사회적응 추적 연구 : 2001년부터 2004년까지 생활과 교육을 중심으로 With prioty given to life of North Korea defectors from 2001 to 2004

유시은,전우택,조영아,홍창형,엄진섭 연세대학교 통일연구원 2005 통일연구 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose of this study : In 2001, this study that investigate actual conditions about adaptation degree of Korean social life of the North Korean defectors was carried out to 151 people that succeed in chases among 200 the North Korea defectors answer in study. Purpose of this study is as following. First, we wished to search change aspect of actual conditions about South Korea society adaptation of the North Korean defectors who take part in the first investigation for past 3 years. Second, we wished to search difference of adaptation aspect by populational and social element. Third, We wished to suggest things that can be beaconed to efficient support policy of government or private organization and successful South Korea social adaptation method which support the North Korean defectors on the basis of study finding about change of adaptation aspect of the North Korea defectors. Methods of Study : We designated 200 Panels to study and survey actual adaptation conditions of the North Korean defectors on South Korea society synthetically and for long-term. So, chasing about 151 people was possible in 2004. We are fertilized and supplement the questionnaire forming in 2001 and composed the new questionnaires to part of a life, mental state, Body and health. This study among them investigated a standard of living of the North Korean defectors. In this process, interviewer directly asked and recorded questions to reduce individual variation of people who receive interview. Study Results : Government's residence support policy about North Korean secession inhabitants was generally attained as effective and suitable for North Korean inhabitants' early South Korea settlement. Only, government need to discuss about North Korea secession inhabitants' residence support more variously for long-term. Second, education should be supported more actively and variously. Suitable point of education for their needs should make a effect of vocational training or education maximize. This is a very important part. Third, they need guidance and education that can receive more easily law support. Fourth, medical supports and health cares should be achieved continuously and systematically to them since they arrived in South Korea. To supports and studies North Korean secession inhabitants has the large significance to gain a foothold about reunification of North and south. Their South Korea society adaptation is becoming topic of conversation among South Korean. An atmosphere of unity is elated. And interest degrees about North Korean are actually rising as exchanges between South and North Korean is activated. Therefore, the adaptation study about North Korean secession inhabitants will have to be expanded in studies for South Korean, not to be limited in studies for North Korean.

북한이탈주민의 사회적응 7년 추적 연구 : 생활과 교육을 중심으로

전우택,유시은,엄진섭,김희진 연세대학교 통일연구원 2009 통일연구 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analysis the change patterns of life style and education of North Korean defectors. The questionnaire of this study is for two hundred North Korean defectors who had entered South Korea in 2001. The questions are about residence, education, legal issue, and health. According to this study, the residences of the defectors were still concentrated on the Metropolitan area. Type of residence has become varied so as to increase proportion of their own-houses and long-term leases. Males had got educated for employment purpose, while females had learned using computer the most. Among age groups, the 20s and the 30s had taken regular education the most. As the length of staying in South Korea had increased, the legal cases had decreased; however, the legal issues had become more complicated. The number of the defectors with chronic diseases has gradually declined; thus, overall health status of the defectors had become better. As the length of staying in South Korea had increased, their needs for supports of basic life had decreased, while the demands for consultation about marriage and legal issues. In the conclusion, we point out several ideas based on this study result, which can be utilized in developing policies and supporting programs for North Korean defector adaptation in South Korea.

남한 내 북한이탈주민들의 3년간 사회의식 변화 및 생활 만족도에 대한 추적연구

전우택,유시은,조영아,홍창형,엄진섭,서승원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the change in attitudes and satisfaction level of North Korean defectors in South Korea over a 3 year period (2001-2004). Methods : In our first study in 2001, a total of 200 detectors were interviewed. In the follow up study after 3 years, 151 defectors were re-interviewed by an in-person interview. Results : The level of satisfaction to the governmental support policy to defectors decreased significantly. However, the general level of satisfaction increased slightly (from 3.52 to 3.56 ; 5-score scale). This shows that North Korean defectors are stably adapting to South Korean society. The level of satisfaction significantly correlated with the defectors' confusion of the different value systems, the defectors' understanding of the South Korean people, satisfaction with their physical and mental health, and the Prejudice of South Korean people to defectors. In terms of the attitudes, the type of schooling, the military service and the communist party membership in North Korea were not related to the change in attitude. However, there was a significant correlation with gender and age. Women showed a greater change in attitude compared to men. Older people had difficulty in understanding the South Korean people, but they showed little psychological affiliation to North Korea. Moreover, they showed a high level of satisfaction with the economic situation in South Korea and had an optimistic viewpoint for their future than younger people. Even though many defectors attended churches, religion was not associated with the level of satisfaction or their change in attitude. Conclusion : The factors that influence the level of satisfaction and attitudes of North Korean defectors have changed over 3 years. Therefore, the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) associated with defectors and the churches need to be more sensitive to these changes and make plans to support the adaptation of defectors to South Korean society.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical COVID-19 Patients Aged 50 Years or Younger During Omicron Wave in Korea: Comparison With Patients Older Than 50 Years of Age

Shi Hye Jin,Yang Jinyoung,Eom Joong Sik,Ko Jae-Hoon,Peck Kyong Ran,Kim Uh Jin,Jung Sook In,Kim Seulki,Seok Hyeri,Hyun Miri,Kim Hyun Ah,Kim Bomi,Joo Eun-Jeong,Cheong Hae Suk,Jun Cheon Hoo,Wi Yu Mi,Kim 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.28

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of thousands of patients worldwide. Although age is known to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, critical illness or death is occurring even in the younger age group as the epidemic spreads. In early 2022, omicron became the dominant variant of the COVID-19 virus in South Korea, and the epidemic proceeded on a large scale. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine whether young adults (aged ≤ 50 years) with critical COVID-19 infection during the omicron period had different characteristics from older patients and to determine the risk factors for mortality in this specific age group. Methods: We evaluated 213 critical adult patients (high flow nasal cannula or higher respiratory support) hospitalized for polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 in nine hospitals in South Korea between February 1, 2022 and April 30, 2022. Demographic characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) and vaccination status; underlying diseases; clinical features and laboratory findings; clinical course; treatment received; and outcomes were collected from electronic medical records (EMRs) and analyzed according to age and mortality. Results: Overall, 71 critically ill patients aged ≤ 50 years were enrolled, and 142 critically ill patients aged over 50 years were selected through 1:2 matching based on the date of diagnosis. The most frequent underlying diseases among those aged ≤ 50 years were diabetes and hypertension, and all 14 patients who died had either a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or an underlying disease. The total case fatality rate among severe patients (S-CFR) was 31.0%, and the S-CFR differed according to age and was higher than that during the delta period. The S-CFR was 19.7% for those aged ≤ 50 years, 36.6% for those aged > 50 years, and 38.1% for those aged ≥ 65 years. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.084; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.043–1.127), initial low-density lipoprotein > 600 IU/L (OR, 4.782; 95% CI, 1.584–14.434), initial C-reactive protein > 8 mg/dL (OR, 2.940; 95% CI, 1.042–8.293), highest aspartate aminotransferase > 200 IU/L (OR, 12.931; 95% CI, 1.691–98.908), and mechanical ventilation implementation (OR, 3.671; 95% CI, 1.294–10.420) were significant independent predictors of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients during the omicron wave. A similar pattern was shown when analyzing the data by age group, but most had no statistical significance owing to the small number of deaths in the young critical group. Although the vaccination completion rate of all the patients (31.0%) was higher than that in the delta wave period (13.6%), it was still lower than that of the general population. Further, only 15 (21.1%) critically ill patients aged ≤ 50 years were fully vaccinated. Overall, the severity of hospitalized critical patients was significantly higher than that in the delta period, indicating that it was difficult to find common risk factors in the two periods only with a simple comparison. Conclusion: Overall, the S-CFR of critically ill COVID-19 patients in the omicron period was higher than that in the delta period, especially in those aged ≤ 50 years. All of the patients who died had an underlying disease or obesity. In the same population, the vaccination rate was very low compared to that in the delta wave, indicating that non-vaccination significantly affected the progression to critical illness. Notably, there was a lack of prescription for Paxlovid for these patients although they satisfied the prescription criteria. Early diagnosis and active initial treatment was necessary, along with the proven methods of vaccination and personal hygiene. Further studies are needed to determine how each variant affects critically ill patients.

The Three-wavelength PR<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF Laser at 604 nm 607 nm and 640 nm with Fabry-Perot Etalon

Long Jin,Yu-Shi Jin,Yuan Dong,Qing-Song Li,Yong-Ji Yu,Shu-Tao Li,Guang-Yong Jin 한국광학회 2018 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.2 No.5

A three-wavelength Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF laser at 604 nm, 607 nm and 640 nm simultaneously output by Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon has been obtained. A 444 nm blue laser diode is used for pumping the Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF crystal, and a 0.1 mm F-P etalon is inserted in the resonator to select wavelength. The theoretical model of three-wavelength Pr<SUP>3+</SUP>:YLF laser is established, by adjusting the tilt angle of the etalon, the transmittances of the different wavelengths can be controlled, and the threshold values can be made to equalize by controlling the loss among different wavelengths. In the experiment, when the tilt angle of etalon is 9° and the optimized length of resonator is 48 mm, the total output power of 25 mW at the three-wavelength is achieved at incident pump power of 7.5 W.

BRCA1 Gene Exon 11 Mutations in Uighur and Han Women with Early-onset Sporadic Breast Cancer in the Northwest Region of China

Cao, Yu-Wen,Fu, Xin-Ge,Wan, Guo-Xing,Yu, Shi-Ying,Cui, Xiao-Bin,Li, Li,Jiang, Jin-Fang,Zheng, Yu-Qin,Zhang, Wen-Jie,Li, Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

The prevalence of BRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer differs between diverse ethnic groups. Relatively little information is known about patterns of BRCA1 mutations in early-onset breast cancer in women of Uighur or Han descent, the major ethnic populations of the Xinjiang region in China. The aim of this study was to identify BRCA1 mutations in Uighur and Han patients with early-onset (age <35 years), and sporadic breast cancer for genetic predisposition to breast cancer. For detection of BRCA1 mutations, we used a polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism approach, followed by direct DNA sequencing in 22 Uighur and 13 Han women with early-onset sporadic breast cancer, and 32 women with benign breast diseases. The prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in this population was 22.9% (8/35) among early-onset sporadic breast cancer cases. Of these, 31.8% (7/22) of Uighur patients and 7.69% (1/13) of Han patients were found to have BRCA1 mutations. In 7 Uighur patients with BRCA1 mutations, there were 11 unique sequence alterations in the BRCA1 gene, including 4 clearly disease-associated mutations on exon 11 and 3 variants of uncertain clinical significance on exon 11, meanwhile 4 neutral variants on intron 20 or 2. None of the 11 BRCA1 mutations identified have been previously reported in the Breast Cancer Information Core database. These findings reflect the prevalence of BRCA1 mutations in Uighur women with early-onset and sporadic breast cancer, which will allow for provision of appropriate genetic counseling and treatment for Uighur patients in the Xinjiang region.

Experimental and Clinical Study of Korean Red Ginseng Treatment on Hypertension

En Yuan Jin,Ming Jin,Yu Lin Wei,Liu Hua Huang,Xian Ping Yan,Zai Xiang Shi,Li Huang,De Chu Shen,Ren Jie Fu,Tian Yu Zhao,Ki Yeul Nam,Akira Kumagai 고려인삼학회 1998 International Symposium on Ginseng Vol.- No.-

Experimental and Clinical Study of Korea Red Ginseng Treatment on Hypertension

(En Yuan Jin),(Ming Jin),(Yu Lin Wei),(Lin Hun Huang),(Xiao Ping Yan),(Zai Xiang Shi),(Li Huang),(De Chu Shen),(Ren Jie Fu),(Tian Yu Zhao),(Ki Yeul Kam),(Akira Kumagai) 고려인삼학회 1998 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the Vol.- No.-

A sandwich‑like CMC‑based/graphene/CMC‑based conductive agent prepared from needle coke for high‑performance LiFePO4 batteries

Jin Zou,Xi‑Xi Long,Jia‑Le He,Shi‑Peng Yu,Sheng‑Wen Zhong 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.7

Liquid phase exfoliation of natural graphite is an industrially effective solution for graphene preparation. However, many countries have identified natural graphite as a strategic resource and restricted its mining. In this report, we used abundant and readily available needle coke (NC) as a graphene exfoliation precursor and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a dispersant to prepare a sandwich structured conductive graphitized NC nanosheets (GNCNs) by liquid phase exfoliation, freeze-drying and high-temperature graphitization, in which a graphene layer is sandwiched between two thin CMC layers. CMC could increase the liquid absorption and retention ability of the conductive agent and improve the migration rate of lithium ions. The highly ordered graphene layer could accelerate the transmission of electrons. The GNCNs with 0.4 wt% CMC addition showed good rate performance (144.6 mAh g? 1 at 5 C) and high cycle stability (96.2% after 200 cycles at 1 C) for LiFePO4 (LFP) battery. The traditional Super-P (SP) conductive agent exhibited low-rate performance (113.9 mAh g? 1 at 5 C) and cycle performance (89.9% after 200 cycles at 1 C). This study offers a novel approach to selecting graphene precursors and has promising applications for conductive additives in high-performance LFP batteries.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients 50 Years of Age or Younger During the Delta Wave: Comparison With Patients > 50 Years in Korea

Shi Hye Jin,Nham Eliel,Kim Bomi,Joo Eun-Jeong,Cheong Hae Suk,Hong Shin Hee,Hyun Miri,Kim Hyun ah,Jang Sukbin,Rhee Ji-Young,Kim Jungok,Kim Sungmin,Cho Hyun Kyu,Wi Yu Mi,Cheon Shinhye,Kim Yeon-Sook,Lim 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.22

Background: Numerous patients around the globe are dying from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While age is a known risk factor, risk analysis in the young generation is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and mortality risk factors in younger patients (≤ 50 years) with a critical case of COVID-19 in comparison with those among older patients (> 50 years) in Korea. Methods: We analyzed the data of adult patients only in critical condition (requiring high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or higher respiratory support) hospitalized with PCR confirmed COVID-19 at 11 hospitals in Korea from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2021 when the delta variant was a dominant strain. Patients’ electronic medical records were reviewed to identify clinical characteristics. Results: During the study period, 448 patients were enrolled. One hundred and forty-two were aged 50 years or younger (the younger group), while 306 were above 50 years of age (the older group). The most common pre-existing conditions in the younger group were diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and 69.7% of the patients had a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 . Of 142 younger patients, 31 of 142 patients (21.8%, 19 women) did not have these pre-existing conditions. The overall case fatality rate among severity cases was 21.0%, and it differed according to age: 5.6% (n = 8/142) in the younger group, 28.1% in the older group, and 38% in the ≥ 65 years group. Age (odds ratio [OR], 7.902; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.754–18.181), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR, 17.233; 95% CI, 8.439–35.192), highest creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (OR, 17.631; 95% CI, 8.321–37.357), and combined blood stream infection (OR, 7.092; 95% CI, 1.061–18.181) were identified as independent predictors of mortality in total patients. Similar patterns were observed in age-specific analyses, but most results were statistically insignificant in multivariate analysis due to the low number of deaths in the younger group. The full vaccination rate was very low among study population (13.6%), and only three patients were fully vaccinated, with none of the patients who died having been fully vaccinated in the younger group. Seven of eight patients who died had a pre-existing condition or were obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ), and the one remaining patient died from a secondary infection. Conclusion: About 22% of the patients in the young critical group did not have an underlying disease or obesity, but the rate of obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) was high, with a fatality rate of 5.6%. The full vaccination rate was extremely low compared to the general population of the same age group, showing that non-vaccination has a grave impact on the progression of COVID-19 to a critical condition. The findings of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent critical progression of COVID-19, such as vaccinations and targeting young adults especially having risk factors.