時間差分法에 의한 直流電磁石의 過渡磁場解析

左宗根,朴鏞寬 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.-

The transient magnetic field of the DC electromagnet which is taken into acount eddy current is analyzed by the element method, For the analysis, the time derivative term in the system equation is discretized by each difference method and its analysis, the time derivative term i n the system equation is discretized by each difference method and its algorithm is derived. The computer program is developed by using the proposed algorithm. Then, the applicability of the algorithm is investigated in reference to the steady state solution because the analytic solution to the model is not known. It is found that; the coefficient matrix of time derivative terms needs to be partitioned to remove the singularity, and the Crank Nicolson method or backward Euler method is suitable among the known methods for the analysis of linear transient magnetic field.

인도주의와 미학의 긴장 : 하인리히 뵐의 풍자물에서 본 서술전략 Heinrich Bo¨lls Erza¨hlstrategie am Beispiel seiner Satiren

서용좌 한국독어독문학회 2002 獨逸文學 Vol.84 No.1

Eine Erza¨hlung impliziert immer einen Erza¨hler und meistens einen zeitlichen Abstand. Das Geschehen, das einer Erza¨hlung zugrunde liegt, sehen wir immer durch die Augen dieses Erza¨hlers, das heißt in dieser Perspektive. Der Erza¨hler und seine Erza¨hlverfahren zu entdecken und zu beschreiben ist etwas anderes als den Autor und seine moralischen Anliegen zu thematisieren. Nich selten wird Heinrich Bo¨lls "A¨sthetik des Umanen" diskutiert. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt der meisten Studien gewo¨hnlich auf dem Begriff der "Humanita¨t", selten dagegen auf demjenigen der "A¨sthetik". Fu¨r Viele gilt Bo¨ll als "moralische Stimme" oder "moralische Instanz". In dieser Hinsicht wird er dann entweder gelobt oder kritisiert. Dabei wird sein a¨sthetisch-scho¨pferisches Credo jedoch nur selten beachtet: "Was mich rettet, nein, […] was mich vorla¨ufig am Leben ha¨lt, das ist der ungeheure Spieltrieb, dieser ungeheure Spaß, den ich am Schreiben habe." Dieser Spieltrieb la¨ßt sich am einfachsten in seinen Satiren entdecken. Manchmal versteckt sich sein Erza¨hler "hinter einem Kellner, einer Kassiererin, hinter, nicht in; oder er sitzt in einer Milchflascht", so Bo¨ll. Einen solchen Erza¨hler findin wir zum Beispiel in der Erza¨hlung Schicksal einer henkellosen Tasse (1952). Darin u¨bernimmt - mit einem entsprechenden surrealen Effekt - eine Tasse die Rolle eines Ich-Erza¨hlers. Folglich werden alle Erlebnisse perspektivisch aus ihr heraus erfaßt. Dem spielerischhumoristischen Grundton dieser Erza¨hlung zum Trotz la¨ßt diese Erza¨hlung genaue Parallelen zur Realita¨t erkennen. Ein Vierteljahrhundert erlebte Geschichte zieht an uns vor¨ber. In einer anderen Erza¨hlung Die Suche nach dem Leser (1954) erza¨hlt ein Mann u¨ber seinen Freund. Dieser Freund hat "einen merkwu¨rdigen Beruf: er scheut sich nicht, sich Schriftsteller zu nennen." Diese Satire gipfelt darin, daß der Autor den Ka¨ufer um ein Autogramm bittet, anstatt umgekehrt der Ka¨ufer den Autor. Das Probleum ist nicht, ein Buch zu schreiben, das Problem ist, Ka¨ufer dafu¨r zu finden. Die spielerische Umkehr des U¨blichen, die in dieser Satire inszeniert wird, ist sowohl Produkt der ungewo¨hnlichen Phantasie des Autor als auch Abbild einer realen Situation, in der sich viele Autoren heute befindet. A¨sthetisches Vergnu¨gen und Gegenwartsdiagnose geht Hand in Hand. Zu wu¨nschen wa¨re es, in ku¨nftigen Studien die schriftstellerischen Mittel zu beschreiben, deren sich Heinrich Bo¨ll bedient, weniger seine moralischen Absichten, die hinla¨nglich bekannt sind.

반도체 제조장비 및 핵심부품 조사연구

설용태,金左鍊,李懿鏞,趙炳轍 호서대학교 공업기술연구소 2000 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This paper describes the state of the art about main equipments for semiconductor manufacturing. Front-end equipments such as stepper, CVD, etcher, ion implantor, RTP, CMP and back-end equipments including wire bonder, Mold/Trim/Form, tester are chosen for this study. Technology trend, parts classification and major manufacture's DB are surveyed. It could be used to making a strategy for the development of semiconductor equipment.

變壓器의 過渡勵磁電流 豫測法

朴鏞寬,左宗根 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

Accurate modeling of the transformer, including its saturation characteristics, is an important requirement for studying inrush current, overvoltage and ferroresonance conditions. This paper describes a straightforward method of determining the parameters for a standard T-type equivalent circuit representation of the transformer which can be used to predict the inrush current with good accuracy. The method relies on test measurements that can be readily performed on site: there is no need for design data on the transformer. A comparison of the computed waveforms with measured waveforms of the inrush currents of a distribution transformer is used to verify the accuracy of the method.

하인리히 뵐의「어느 어릿광대의 見解」에 있어서의 瞬間과 現實에 대한 意味分析

徐溶佐 全北大學校 師範大學 1982 사대논문집 Vol.8 No.-

유도기 등가회로정수의 정밀산정

조용철,좌종근 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents a new method to determine the T-type equivalent circuit parameters for steady state analysis of induction motors. To determine the parameters, four simultaneous equations are obtained from the T-type equivalent circuit conditions. The initial values for these equations are evaluated by the simplified equivalent circuits. and then the parameters are calculated by iterative computation. Test results are compared with the computed results of the conventional method and the proposed method to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. And it is found that the latter method is more accurate than the former method.

순시치 자기포화 곡선에 의한 변압기 인덕턴스의 산정

현용탁,좌종근 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

The saturated winding inductances of a transformer are determined using the instantaneous magnetic saturation curve. The instantaneous curve is obtained from no load saturation in rms form by a direct piecewise linearized approach, then it is represented by a four-term ploynominal approximation. The saturated differential, effective and apparent winding inductances are computed from this curve, and these inductance are compared with the measured magnetizing inductance. The results show that the relation of L_d<L_e<L_a exists and the computed apparent inductance is more close to the measured inductance.

파울 첼란의「죽음의 푸가」에 있어서 對位法的 構成의 機能과 效果

서용좌 全北大學校 師範大學 1983 사대논문집 Vol.9 No.-

발달장애학생을 위한 웹기반 의사소통능력신장 프로그램의 개발과 적용 사례

김동현,유영환,김좌중,천경철,이청용,김봉수 국립특수교육원 2005 연구보고서 Vol.- No.10

발달장애학생의 의사소통능력은 단순한 언어문제 이상의 의미를 지닌다. 의사소통능력은 모든 학습의 기초가 되고 결국 인간의 삶의 질을 좌우하게 하는 중요한 요소가 되고 있기 때문에 의사소통능력에 문제가 많은 발달장애학생에게 있어서 의사소통능력 신장은 매우 중요하다. 발달장애학생의 언어 및 의사소통능력의 결함은 사회적 결함과 인지적 결함에 상호 관련성이 있어 다른 사람으로부터의 의사소통을 이해하는 능력과 자신의 생각을 표현하는 능력이 제한되어 다른 사람과의 상호관계를 맺는데 어려움이 많았다. 따라서 발달장애학생의 언어지도는 생활 장면에서 교수하는 것이 가장 바람직하다고 하겠다. 그러나 지금까지 주로 활용된 전통적인 언어지도 방법은 어휘를 증가시키고, 발화의 길이를 널리는 데는 효과가 있었지만, 학습된 내용을 생활 장면에서의 일반화에는 문제점이 있는 것으로 지적되고 있다. 발달장애학생의 언어지도 방법은 일상생활 속에서 학습 내용을 선정하고 이를 실생활 장면 혹은 이와 유사한 환경에서 효과적으로 지도할 수 있는 적절한 교수 방법이 필요하다. 그래서 발달장애학생의 의사소통능력 신장을 위한 환경중심 언어지도 방법을 활용한 웹(Web)기반 언어지도 프로그램을 개발하였다. 웹(Web)기반 언어지도 프로그램은 제7차 특수학교 기본교육과정과 국립특수교육원에서 발간한 ‘발달장애학생의 언어교육 프로그램(1998)’ 분석을 통하여 개인 · 가정생활, 학교 · 사회생활, 경제 · 여가생활 등의 6개 영역으로 구분하여 각 영역별 학습주제를 선정하였으며, 학습주제에 대한 학습의 진행 형태는 학습목표, 낱말학습, 상황학습, 평가로 진행할 수 있도록 하였으나, 학습자의 현재 수행 능력을 고려하여 능력에 따른 진행의 절차를 학습자가 선택할 수 있게 하였다. 본 프로그램을 적용해본 결과 다음과 같은 교육적인 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 웹을 활용한 가상체험을 통하여 적극적이고 흥미 있는 참여를 유도하며, 학습자 중심의 주도적인 학습과 안내자, 촉진자로서의 교사의 역할을 통해 발달장애학생의 의사소통 능력을 신장시킬 수 있었다. 둘째, 교실에서 이루어지는 지금까지의 수업방식을 탈피하여 학습자가 언제, 어디서나, 누구든지 학습할 수 있는 열린 학습체제의 교육환경을 조성할 수 있었다. 셋째, 문자정보, 그래픽, 애니메이션, 사진, 음성, 비디오 등 다양한 형태의 정보가 상호대화 형식으로 활용되며, 수준별 반복학습을 실시함으로써 교수-학습 방법의 개선뿐만 아니라 양질의 수업을 진행하는데 도움을 줄 수 있었다. 본 프로그램을 활용한 언어지도가 발달장애학생의 의사소통능력 신장을 위한 최선의 방법이라고 말할 수는 없으며, 언어지도의 한 가지 방법이라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 본 프로그램의 활용한 언어지도는 학교에서 교사가 학생의 능력과 흥미를 고려하여 지도한다면 발달장애 학생의 의사소통능력 신장에 많은 도움이 될 것이다. The developmental disability of the metal handicapped children means more than simple linguistic problem. The developmental disability is the base of all the learning and important factor which decides the happiness of the human being finally, so the extension of mutual understanding ability is so important, in the case of the metal handicapped children who have a problem of the mutual understanding ability. In the case of the metal handicapped children, the defects of the mutual understanding and linguistic ability are related with the social defect and the defect of recognition, and the ability of understanding about mutual relations with other people and self-expression ability are limited. So they have many problems in mutual relations with other people. Therefore, the linguistic instruction of the metal handicapped children is recommended to be done in the living. But, the traditional linguistic instruction which's used mainly as yet, is effective in increase of a vocabulary and the length of a locutionary act, but it has a problem in the popularization of the learning in the real life. The method of the linguistic instruction for the metal handicapped children, should be selected as contents in the real life, and the right learning method which can be done under the real life or the similar environment with it, is needed. Because of the above realities, the linguistic teaching web-based program is developed, using the linguistic instruction which is focused on the environment, for the extension of the mutual understanding ability of the metal handicapped children. In the linguistic teaching web-based program, it is divided with 6 field (personal · home life, school · social life, economical · leisure life) and the educational subject classified by each field is selected, by the analysis of 'The linguistic educational program for the children who have developmental disability' published by the 7th basic education course of special school and the national special education organization. Besides, the progress form of learning about the educational subject is directed by educational goal, word learning, situation learning and valuation, but a learner can choose a procedure followed by ability, regarding to his accomplishment ability. As the result of the application of this program, the educational effects that we could get are the following : 1. We could lead a positive and interesting participation by virtual experience through WEB, and the communication ability of the metal handicapped children was extended by a role of a teacher, as a guide and promoter and a leading learning focused on a learner. 2. The teaching method which is done in school now, is dismissed and we could form the educational environment of the learning system that a learner could learn, without distinction of time, a place and a person. 3. The various form of information, like text, graphic, animation, photo, sound, video and so on, is applied as a form of communication. Therefore, the program was useful in not only the improvement of the teaching-learning method, but also the proceeding of the effective lesson. The linguistic teaching which use this program, can not be the best method of the extension of the mutual understanding ability and it's just one method of linguistic teaching. if the linguistic teaching which use this program is conducted, regarding to a ability and a interest of a student, it will be so useful in the extension of the mutual understanding ability, for the children who have developmental disability.

Gamma-irradiation of Streptococcus pneumoniae for the use as an immunogenic whole cell vaccine

Jwa, Min Yong,Jeong, Soyoung,Ko, Eun Byeol,Kim, A Reum,Kim, Hyun Young,Kim, Sun Kyung,Seo, Ho Seong,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Han, Seung Hyun MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2018 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol.56 No.8