Organizational Clientelism: An Analysis of Private Entrepreneurs in Chinese Local Legislatures

Xin Sun,Jiangnan Zhu,Yiping Wu 동아시아연구원 2014 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.1

Extant literature on authoritarian legislatures argues that dictators set up quasi-democratic institutions to co-opt opposition and attract investors. We argue that dictators also nurture clientelistic ties with social groups useful to their rule, a previously overlooked function of authoritarian legislatures. Drawing on the case of Chinese local legislatures—namely, the local People's Congress and the local People's Political Consultative Conference—we find that Chinese local governments use these institutions to channel patronage to and gain political support from the private sector. Field interviews and an analysis of a nationwide firm-level survey show that private firms owned by local legislative members, while obtaining more bank loans, provide more support to the local government in various forms than those owned by nonmembers. This finding suggests that authoritarian legislatures, even those with weak policymaking efficacy, can help authoritarian states build stable alliances with social groups, thereby contributing to regime resilience.

Modelling and Prediction of Stress Relaxation for Thermal Bonded Nonwoven Geotextiles

Shiyuan Sun,Xiaoping Gao,Chunhong Fu,Yudong Zhou,Xiaoying Wei,Jiaxin Li,Yiping Qiu 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.7

Stress relaxation experiments were performed on three types of thermal bonded nonwoven geotextiles in this studyto model and predict their stress relaxation behaviors. Four mechanical models, including the standard linear solid mechanicsmodel, Eyring’s model, the modified two-Maxwell-unit model and the modified three-Maxwell-unit model were used topredict stress values for 600 h based on 3 and 90 h experimental relaxation data. Results indicated that Eyring’s model and themodified three-Maxwell-unit model fitted the experimental results better than the other two. Estimation using modified three-Maxwell-unit model seemed to construct an upper bound while that using Eyring’s model form a lower bound for thecorresponding experimental data. In addition, predicted curves were much closer to the experimental curve when equationsof the two models were built with the 90 h experimental data than those data of 3 h. Thus, the prediction capability of the twomodels can be substantially improved by employing the data with longer time. In summary, the combination of the modifiedthree-Maxwell-unit model and Eyring’s model can well forcast the range of actual stress during stress relaxation experimentswith the longer term experimental data.

Synthesis of Dithiolopyrrolone Derivatives and Their Leukocyte-Increasing Activities

Chungang Li,Yiping Sun,Guoping Wang,Xiangduan Tan 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

In search of new antileukopenia agents, twenty dithiolopyrrolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their leukocyte-increasing activities in normal mice. Among the synthesized compounds 4-23, compounds 5 and 6 showed significant leukocyte-increasing activity ( p < 0.01), and compounds 4, 9 and 16 had a moderate effect ( p < 0.05). Compound 5 also displayed stronger leukocyte-increasing activity than that of the positive recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Above all, compound 5 would be a potential antileukopenia agent which deserved further research.

Synthesis of Dithiolopyrrolone Derivatives and Their Leukocyte-Increasing Activities

Li, Chungang,Sun, Yiping,Wang, Guoping,Tan, Xiangduan Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

In search of new antileukopenia agents, twenty dithiolopyrrolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their leukocyte-increasing activities in normal mice. Among the synthesized compounds 4-23, compounds 5 and 6 showed significant leukocyte-increasing activity ( p < 0.01), and compounds 4, 9 and 16 had a moderate effect ( p < 0.05). Compound 5 also displayed stronger leukocyte-increasing activity than that of the positive recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). Above all, compound 5 would be a potential antileukopenia agent which deserved further research.

Effect of Leukocyte-Platelet Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) on Tissue Regeneration and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells Cultured Using a Modified Method

Mudalal Mahmoud,Wang Zhanqi,Mustafa Shockry,Liu Yiping,Wang Yao,Yu Jize,Wang Shengnan,Sun Xiaolin,Zhou Yanmin 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.5

Background: An in vitro study on rapid culturing method of human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFCs) was established to investigate the potential use of the leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) in tissue engineering technology, different medical fields, including periodontology and implantology. Methods: Eight biopsies were obtained from eight different donors and a modified culturing technique was developed to obtain HGFCs. The modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay was used to compare the cell viability when the modified culturing method was used in comparison to the standard method. Blood samples were collected from the same patients and L-PRF was isolated using a standard protocol. The releases of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and transforming growth factor-beta1 at various time intervals were observed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The proliferative effect of L-PRF on HGFCs was assessed by the cell counting kit—8 assay. Results: A simple and rapid modified method for in vitro HGFC culture yielded a cellular monolayer within three to nine days after cell culture. L-PRF with three-dimensional polymer fibers released growth factors that peaked during the first three hours and continued to produce up to 10 days. The L-PRF presented a dose-dependent effect on HGFCs proliferation where HGFCs proliferation increased with an increase in L-PRF concentration. Conclusion: The modified technique for the culture of HGFCs might be useful for the development of future experimental and clinical studies, besides L-PRF has great therapeutic potential in oral surgery fields. Background: An in vitro study on rapid culturing method of human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFCs) was established to investigate the potential use of the leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) in tissue engineering technology, different medical fields, including periodontology and implantology. Methods: Eight biopsies were obtained from eight different donors and a modified culturing technique was developed to obtain HGFCs. The modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT assay was used to compare the cell viability when the modified culturing method was used in comparison to the standard method. Blood samples were collected from the same patients and L-PRF was isolated using a standard protocol. The releases of platelet-derived growth factor-AA and transforming growth factor-beta1 at various time intervals were observed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The proliferative effect of L-PRF on HGFCs was assessed by the cell counting kit—8 assay. Results: A simple and rapid modified method for in vitro HGFC culture yielded a cellular monolayer within three to nine days after cell culture. L-PRF with three-dimensional polymer fibers released growth factors that peaked during the first three hours and continued to produce up to 10 days. The L-PRF presented a dose-dependent effect on HGFCs proliferation where HGFCs proliferation increased with an increase in L-PRF concentration. Conclusion: The modified technique for the culture of HGFCs might be useful for the development of future experimental and clinical studies, besides L-PRF has great therapeutic potential in oral surgery fields.

The influence of moisture on atmospheric pressure plasma etching of PA6 films

Zhiqiang Gao,Shujing Peng,Jie Sun,Lan Yao,Yiping Qiu 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1

The moisture in the substrate material may have a potential influence on atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. In order to investigate how the existence of moisture affects atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, polyamide 6 (PA6) films were treated by helium, helium/oxygen (O2) plasmas using atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) at different moisture regain. The film surfaces were investigated using contact-angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the surfaces. The exposure of PA6 film surfaces to the plasmas led to the etching process on the surfaces and changes in the topography of the surfaces. It was shown that the etching rate and the surface roughness were higher for the 9.33% moisture regain (relative humidity 100%) group than that of the 1.61% moisture regain (relative humidity 10%) group with the same plasma gas and power.

A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Stand-alone Photovoltaic System

Shiqiong Zhou,Longyun Kang,Jing Sun,Guifang Guo,Bo Cheng,Binggang Cao,Yiping Tang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2010 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.8 No.6

A novel control algorithm, namely subsection adaptive hill climbing method (SSAHC), for seeking the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) panel for any temperature and solar radiation level is proposed. The algorithm is thus a combination of the subsection and adaptive hill climbing me-thods. In this algorithm, the characteristic curve of power-voltage of PV panel was divided into three subsections, namely large step approximation section, adaptive hill climbing section and maximum power section. Using this method, the MPP tracker (MPPT) can tune adaptively the step to track the MPP of PV system. The main advantage of the MPPT controlled by this new algorithm, when is compared with others, is that it can draw more power at a certain weather condition , especially, in case solar radiation changes rapidly at higher radiation.

Mussel-Inspired Multifunctional Coating for Enhancing the UV-Resistant Property of Polypropylene Fibers

Zhengyi Liu,Juncheng Hu,Qi Sun,Li Chen,Xia Feng,Yiping Zhao 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.5

In this paper, UV-resistant polypropylene (PP) fibers were prepared with a simple and versatile strategy. The PP fiber was firstly coated a polydopamine (PDA) layer by simply dipping the fiber into an alkaline dopamine solution. Then, the titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were chemically bound to the PDA layer through the reduction capacity of catechol groups in PDA, endowing the fibers with excellent UVresistant properties. The surface chemical composition of modified fibers was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface morphology and the crystalline structure of the modified fibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. Thermo stability was characterized by thermogravimetry analysis. Besides, the mechanical and UV protection properties were further investigated through monofilament tensile and the UV transmittance test. The results showed that the PDA and TiO2 were successfully coated on fiber surface. Comprared to the pristine fiber, the modified fiber exhibited better thermal stability. Particularly, the as-prepared PP-PDA-TiO2 fibers could strongly resist the UV rays with no change in mechanical properties.