Ginsenoside Rk1 ameliorates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrative stress and apoptosis

Hu, Jun-Nan,Xu, Xing-Yue,Li, Wei,Wang, Yi-Ming,Liu, Ying,Wang, Zi,Wang, Ying-Ping The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Frequent overdose of paracetamol (APAP) has become the major cause of acute liver injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of ginsenoside Rk1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and investigate the underlying mechanisms for the first time. Methods: Mice were treated with Rk1 (10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg) by oral gavage once per d for 7 d. On the 7th d, allmice treated with 250mg/kg APAP exhibited severeliverinjury after 24 h, and hepatotoxicitywas assessed. Results: Our results showed that pretreatment with Rk1 significantly decreased the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ compared with the APAP group. Meanwhile, hepatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were elevated compared with the APAP group. In contrast, a significant decrease in levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed in the ginsenoside Rk1-treated group compared with the APAP group. These effects were associated with a significant increase of cytochrome P450 E1 and 4-hydroxynonenal levels in liver tissues. Moreover, ginsenoside Rk1 supplementation suppressed activation of apoptotic pathways by increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax protein expression levels, which was shown using western blotting analysis. Histopathological observation also revealed that ginsenoside Rk1 pretreatment significantly reversed APAP-induced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration in liver tissues. Biological indicators of nitrative stress, such as 3-nitrotyrosine, were also inhibited after pretreatment with Rk1 compared with the APAP group. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hepatoprotection of ginsenoside Rk1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation, antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antinitrative effects.

Molecular characterization of phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene from Cistanche deserticola

Hu, Gao Sheng,Jia, Jing Ming,Hur, Yeon Jae,Chung, Young Soo,Lee, Jai Heon,Yun, Dae Jin,Chung, Woo Sik,Yi, Gi Hwan,Kim, Tae Ho,Kim, Doh Hoon Springer-Verlag 2011 Molecular biology reports Vol.38 No.6

Value and Clinical Application of Orthopedic Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in CT Scans after Orthopedic Metal Implantation

Yi Hu,Shinong Pan,Xudong Zhao,Wenli Guo,Ming He,Qiyong Guo 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.3

Objective: To evaluate orthopedic metal artifact reduction algorithm (O-MAR) in CT orthopedic metal artifact reduction at different tube voltages, identify an appropriate low tube voltage for clinical practice, and investigate its clinical application. Materials and Methods: The institutional ethical committee approved all the animal procedures. A stainless-steel plate and four screws were implanted into the femurs of three Japanese white rabbits. Preoperative CT was performed at 120 kVp without O-MAR reconstruction, and postoperative CT was performed at 80–140 kVp with O-MAR. Muscular CT attenuation, artifact index (AI) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared between preoperative and postoperative images (unpaired t test), between paired O-MAR and non-O-MAR images (paired Student t test) and among different kVp settings (repeated measures ANOVA). Artifacts’ severity, muscular homogeneity, visibility of inter-muscular space and definition of bony structures were subjectively evaluated and compared (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the clinical study, 20 patients undertook CT scan at low kVp with O-MAR with informed consent. The diagnostic satisfaction of clinical images was subjectively assessed. Results: Animal experiments showed that the use of O-MAR resulted in accurate CT attenuation, lower AI, better SNR, and higher subjective scores (p < 0.010) at all tube voltages. O-MAR images at 100 kVp had almost the same AI and SNR as non-O-MAR images at 140 kVp. All O-MAR images were scored ≥ 3. In addition, 95% of clinical CT images performed at 100 kVp were considered satisfactory. Conclusion: O-MAR can effectively reduce orthopedic metal artifacts at different tube voltages, and facilitates low-tube-voltage CT for patients with orthopedic metal implants.

DOING GOOD MAY BACKFIRE: IS A LUXURY BRAND’S FULFILLMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A PANACEA OR A POISON?

Ming-Yi Chen,Hsin Min Hu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an important pillar in business practice. Luxury brands are no exception to this trend and have invested deeply in different types of CSR, and this is evident with companies such as Prada and LVMH. However, empirical research has demonstrated the paradox between CSR and luxury and has identified certain undesirable effects. The reason for this inconsistency in the results to date, is the lack of a comprehensive CSR categorization system. To be more specific, we integrated two dimensions - visibility and relevance - and have proposed a novel CSR type in four types, which is external-embedded, external-peripheral, internal-embedded and internal-peripheral. We can easily classify the CSR initiatives into this category, which means the source of undesirable effects can be clearly shown for luxury brands.

Prognostic Threshold of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastric Carcinoma: a Clinicopathological Study of 945 Cases

Yi Zou,Linying Chen,Xingfu Wang,Yupeng Chen,Liwen Hu,Saifan Zeng,Pengcheng Wang,Guoping Li,Ming Huang,Liting Wang,Shi He,Sanyan Li,Lihui Jian,Sheng Zhang 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in gastric carcinoma (GC) is controversial, leading to ambiguous concepts in traditional classifications. This study aimed to determine the prognostic threshold of meaningful NED in GC and clarify its unclear features in existing classifications. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule was performed for 945 GC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate/multivariate models with percentages of NED (PNED) and demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Results: In total, 275 (29.1%) cases were immunoreactive to at least 1 neuroendocrine (NE) marker. GC-NED was more common in the upper third of the stomach. PNED, and Borrmann's classification and tumor, lymph node, metastasis stages were independent prognostic factors. The cutoff PNED was 10%, beyond which patients had significantly worse outcomes, although the risk did not increase with higher PNED. Tumors with ≥10% NED tended to manifest as Borrmann type III lesion with mixed/diffuse morphology and poorer histological differentiation; the NE components in this population mainly grew in insulae/nests, which differed from the predominant growth pattern (glandular/acinar) in GC with <10% NED. Conclusions: GC with ≥10% NED should be classified as a distinct subtype because of its worse prognosis, and more attention should be paid to the necessity of additional therapeutics for NE components.

Effects of 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid treatment on the accumulation of salidroside and four phenylethanoid glycosides in suspension cell culture of Cistanche deserticola.

Hu, Gao Sheng,Hur, Yeon Jae,Jia, Jing Ming,Lee, Jai Heon,Chung, Young Soo,Yi, Young Byung,Yun, Dae Jin,Park, Soon Ki,Kim, Doh Hoon Springer 2011 Plant cell reports Vol.30 No.4

<P>2-Aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a specific competitive phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) inhibitor was applied to a suspension cell culture of Cistanche deserticola. The effects of AIP treatment on cell growth, PAL activity, contents and yields of total phenolic compound, salidroside and four phenylethanoid glycosides (PheGs) are investigated. The results demonstrated that, 0.5 and 2.0 μM AIP treatments had similar effects on the measurements investigated in this study. AIP treatment resulted in significant decreases in PAL activity, total phenolic compounds content, and PheGs content. Linear regression analysis showed that PAL activity had a high correlation coefficient with the total phenolic compound content and the four PheGs contents. Total PAL activity-time area under curve (AUC) had a high correlation coefficient with the total phenolic compound yield and the yields of five tested compounds in untreated cell samples. In AIP-treated cells, total PAL activity-time AUC retained a high correlation with the total phenolic compound yield and the yields of three tested compounds, echinacoside, acteoside, and tubuloside A, but not salidroside and cistanoside A. The difference could be caused by the different biosynthetic origins of each of the tested compounds. These results demonstrate the important role of PAL in the biosynthesis of PheGs in the suspension cell culture of C. deserticola.</P>

Numerical Study of Ion Orbits in EAST Plasmas with a Current-reversal Equilibrium Configuration

Yi-jun Zhong,Xue-yu Gong,Ye-ming Hu,Xin-xia Li 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.11

By solving the Grad-Shafranov equation in the cylindrical coordinate system, we numerically obtain the tokamak plasma equilibrium configurations of the conventional mode and the high-to-lowfield- side current-reversal equilibrium mode (HL-CREC) by using the discharge parameters for the Experimental Advanced Superconductor Tokamak (EAST). By coupling with the particle’s motion equation, we obtain the orbits of trapped particles and passing particles under both equilibrium configurations. We find that the orbit of the passing particle in the HL-CREC is wholly confined on the low-field side and that the half width of the banana orbit of trapped particles increases greatly compared with those in the conventional equilibrium configuration. In addition, the ion loss is studied based on the Monte Carlo method. The results show that for ions near the plasma edge, a much high ion loss rate can be obtained in HL-CREC than that in the conventional equilibrium configuration.

Flammability Studies of Benzene and Methanol with Various Vapor Mixing Ratios at 150℃

( Yi Min Chang ),( Jo Ming Tseng ),( Chi Min Shu ),( Kwan Hua Hu ) 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.6

An Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform on the Non-Stationary Astronomical Time Series: The Superorbital Modulation of SMC X-1

Hu, Chin-Ping,Chou, Yi,Wu, Ming-Chya,Yang, Ting-Chang,Su, Yi-Hao 한국우주과학회 2013 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.30 No.2

We present the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) analysis on the quasi-periodic modulation of SMC X-1. SMC X-1, consistingof a neutron star and a massive companion, exhibits superorbital modulation with a period varying between ~40 d and ~65 d.We applied the HHT on the light curve observed by the All-Sky Monitor onboard Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) to obtainthe instantaneous frequency of the superorbital modulation of SMC X-1. The resultant Hilbert spectrum is consistent with thedynamic power spectrum while it shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. According to theinstantaneous frequency, we found a correlation between the superorbital period and the modulation amplitude. Combiningthe spectral observation made by the Proportional Counter Array onboard RXTE and the superorbital phase derived in theHHT, we performed a superorbital phase-resolved spectral analysis of SMC X-1. An analysis of the spectral parameters versusthe orbital phase for different superorbital states revealed that the diversity of nH has an orbital dependence. Furthermore,we obtained the variation in the eclipse profiles by folding the All Sky Monitor light curve with orbital period for differentsuperorbital states. A dip feature, similar to the pre-eclipse dip of Her X-1, can be observed only in the superorbital ascendingand descending states, while the width is anti-correlated with the X-ray flux.

Compaction techniques and construction parameters of loess as filling material

Hu, Chang-Ming,Wang, Xue-Yan,Mei, Yuan,Yuan, Yi-Li,Zhang, Shan-Shan Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.6

Loess often causes problems when used as a filling material in the construction of foundations. Therefore, the compaction technique, shear behavior, and bearing capacity of a filled foundation should be carefully considered. A series of tests was performed in this study to obtain effective compaction techniques and construction parameters. The results indicated that loess is strongly sensitive to water. Thus, the soil moisture content should be kept within 12%-14% when it is used as a filling material. The vibrating-dynamic combination compaction technique is effective and has fewer limitations than other methods. In addition, the shear strength of the compacted loess was found to increase linearly with the degree of compaction, and the soil's compressibility decreased rapidly with an increase in the degree of compaction when the degree of compaction was less than 95%. Finally, the characteristic value of the bearing capacity increased with an increase in the degree of compaction in a ladder-type way when the degree of compaction was within 92%-95%. Based on the test data, this paper could be used as a reference in the selection of construction designs in similar engineering projects.