Prognostic Threshold of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastric Carcinoma: a Clinicopathological Study of 945 Cases

Zou, Yi,Chen, Linying,Wang, Xingfu,Chen, Yupeng,Hu, Liwen,Zeng, Saifan,Wang, Pengcheng,Li, Guoping,Huang, Ming,Wang, Liting,He, Shi,Li, Sanyan,Jian, Lihui,Zhang, Sheng The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in gastric carcinoma (GC) is controversial, leading to ambiguous concepts in traditional classifications. This study aimed to determine the prognostic threshold of meaningful NED in GC and clarify its unclear features in existing classifications. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule was performed for 945 GC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate/multivariate models with percentages of NED ($P_{NED}$) and demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Results: In total, 275 (29.1%) cases were immunoreactive to at least 1 neuroendocrine (NE) marker. GC-NED was more common in the upper third of the stomach. $P_{NED}$, and Borrmann's classification and tumor, lymph node, metastasis stages were independent prognostic factors. The cutoff $P_{NED}$ was 10%, beyond which patients had significantly worse outcomes, although the risk did not increase with higher $P_{NED}$. Tumors with ${\geq}10%$ NED tended to manifest as Borrmann type III lesion with mixed/diffuse morphology and poorer histological differentiation; the NE components in this population mainly grew in insulae/nests, which differed from the predominant growth pattern (glandular/acinar) in GC with <10% NED. Conclusions: GC with ${\geq}10%$ NED should be classified as a distinct subtype because of its worse prognosis, and more attention should be paid to the necessity of additional therapeutics for NE components.

Prognostic Threshold of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastric Carcinoma: a Clinicopathological Study of 945 Cases

Yi Zou,Linying Chen,Xingfu Wang,Yupeng Chen,Liwen Hu,Saifan Zeng,Pengcheng Wang,Guoping Li,Ming Huang,Liting Wang,Shi He,Sanyan Li,Lihui Jian,Sheng Zhang 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in gastric carcinoma (GC) is controversial, leading to ambiguous concepts in traditional classifications. This study aimed to determine the prognostic threshold of meaningful NED in GC and clarify its unclear features in existing classifications. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule was performed for 945 GC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate/multivariate models with percentages of NED (PNED) and demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Results: In total, 275 (29.1%) cases were immunoreactive to at least 1 neuroendocrine (NE) marker. GC-NED was more common in the upper third of the stomach. PNED, and Borrmann's classification and tumor, lymph node, metastasis stages were independent prognostic factors. The cutoff PNED was 10%, beyond which patients had significantly worse outcomes, although the risk did not increase with higher PNED. Tumors with ≥10% NED tended to manifest as Borrmann type III lesion with mixed/diffuse morphology and poorer histological differentiation; the NE components in this population mainly grew in insulae/nests, which differed from the predominant growth pattern (glandular/acinar) in GC with <10% NED. Conclusions: GC with ≥10% NED should be classified as a distinct subtype because of its worse prognosis, and more attention should be paid to the necessity of additional therapeutics for NE components.

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over titanium modified FexMgyOz catalysts: Performance and characterization

Liting Xu,Shengli Niu,Dong Wang,Chunmei Lu,Qi Zhang,Kang Zhang,Jing Li 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.63 No.-

A series of titanium modified FexMgyOz catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method and impregnation-coprecipitation method with microwave assistant and their catalytic capability in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) was evaluated. Appropriate amount of either titanium or TiO2 could both improve the catalytic performance of FexMgyOz catalyst, especially above 350 °C. 7.5%Ti–FexMgyOz catalyst with wide temperature range of 225–400 °C could achieve the maximum NOx conversion of 100%, while FexMgyOz/TiO2(b) catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance in the present of H2O and SO2. Characterization results exhibited that γ-Fe2O3 was the main active phase, TiO2 was mainly in the form of anatase TiO2 and both titanium and magnesium existed in amorphous phase. The crystalline grain could be refined with the addition of either titanium or TiO2, as well as the increase of BET surface area and pore volume. The acid sites, redox ability and the chemisorbed oxygen were the most important factors in SCR reaction. The introduction of titanium and TiO2 had the effect of increasing the strength of the acid sites, which could attribute to the improvement of catalytic performance over titanium modified FexMgyOz catalysts.

Exchange of the VP5 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in a Serotype I Strain with that of a Serotype II Strain Reduced the Viral Replication and Cytotoxicity

Liting Qin,Xiaole Qi,Honglei Gao,Yulong Gao,Zhigao Bu,Xiaomei Wang 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), belonging to Avibirnavirus genus in the Birnaviridae family, consists of two segments of double-strand RNA. There are two distinct serotypes of IBDV, the pathogenic serotype I and the non-pathogenic serotype II. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of a panel of VP5 genes retrieved from GenBank revealed a high identity among strains within the serotype I or serotype II group but a low identity between strains across two serotypes. In this study, we rescued two mosaic viruses, rGtGxVP5 and rGt2382VP5 by exchanging the VP5 gene of a cell culture-adapted serotype I Gt strain with its counterpart of the very virulent IBDV Gx strain, or a non-pathogenic 23/82 strain of the serotype II. In comparison to the parental strain rGt virus, the rGtGxVP5 showed the similar viral replication, cytotoxicity and the ability of inducing apoptosis; however, the other mosaic virus rGt2382VP5 had a lower titer and a reduced cytotoxicity. Although exchange of VP5 within serotype I group did not alter the viral replication and cytotoxicity of Gt strain, exchange of VP5 in the serotype I with that of a serotype II reduced the viral replication and cytotoxicity on chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Therefore, the VP5 of serotype II may be one of the factors responsible for the distinct pathogenic features of two serotypes.

NH3-SCR performance and characterization over magnetic iron-magnesium mixed oxide catalysts

Liting Xu,Shengli Niu,Chunmei Lu,Dong Wang,Kang Zhang,Jing Li 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.5

A series of magnetic iron-magnesium mixed oxide catalysts (Fe1−xMgxOz) were synthesized via a novel coprecipitation method with microwave thermal treatment, and their activity in NH3-SCR was tested on a quartz fixedbed reactor. Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2- adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Fe0.8Mg0.2Oz with excellent N2 selectivity and resistance to SO2 and H2O was validated as the proper SCR catalyst, with the maximum NOx conversion of 99.1% fulfilled at 325 oC. Activity was strongly influenced by the γ-Fe2O3 crystalline phase, and magnesium existed in an amorphous phase and interacted with iron oxide intensively to form solid solution in favor of SCR. For Fe0.8Mg0.2Oz catalyst, optimum pore diameter distribution, appropriate surface area, pore volume and abundant lattice oxygen on the surface could be guaranteed, which is good for the diffusion process and enhances the activity.

Identification and prevention of heterotopias in mouse neocortical neural cell migration incurred by surgical damages during utero electroporation procedures

Bolin Wang,Liting Ji,카우식 비샤이,Changyu Li,허성오 한국통합생물학회 2020 Animal cells and systems Vol.24 No.2

In utero electroporation (IUE) is a useful technique for gene delivery in embryonic mouse brain. IUE technique is used to investigate the mammalian brain development in vivo. However, according to recent studies, IUE methodology has some limitations like the formation of artificial ectopias and heterotopias at the micro-injection site. Thus far, the artificial heterotopias generated by physical trauma during IUE are rarely reported. Here, we reported the artificial heterotopias and ectopias generated from surgical damages of micropipette in detail, and moreover, we described the protocol to avoid these phenotypes. For the experimental purpose, we transferred empty plasmids (pCAGIG-GFP) with green fluorescent-labelled protein into the cortical cortex by IUE and then compared the structure of the cortex region between the injected and un-injected cerebral hemispheres. The coronary section showed that ectopias and heterotopias were appeared on imperfect-injected brains, and layer maker staining, which including Ctip2 and TBR1 and laminin, can differentiate the physical damage, revealing the neurons in artificial ectopic and heterotopic area were not properly arranged. Moreover, premature differentiation of neurons in ectopias and heterotopias were observed. To avoid heterotopias and ectopias, we carefully manipulated the method of IUE application. Thus, this study might be helpful for the in utero electroporator to distinguish the artificial ectopias and heterotopias that caused by the physical injury by microneedle and the ways to avoid those undesirable circumstances.

Industries TFP and Environmental Regulation Cost Analysis Using Malmquist Luenberger

Haiyan Wang,Liting Shen,Chunlan Liu,Hui Han 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.2

Environmental problem is a worldwide focus, so is the effect of environmental regulation on economy. In this paper, we constructed a model including energy consumption and integrated pollutant emissions of "Three wastes" as "bad" output. This studyr used Malmquist –Luenberger based on directional distance function to measure TFP and environmental regulation cost of Chinese 36 industries from 2001 to 2010. The result was that: From the overall analysis, the TFP was lower after considering the environmental regulation. Technological progress was the main driver of productivity growth. Environmental regulation brought about a certain cost; from the industry analysis, Difference of TFP growth and the cost of environmental regulation existed among different industries. The monopoly and heavy industries were the focus in the industry; from the annual analysis, TFP increased during "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, mainly drived by technological progress.

Design and Analysis of an Automatic Voltage Regulator Microcontroller-based Distributed Power Supply

Xiumin Wang,Liting Jiang,Liang Shan,Zhengquan Li,Rihui Xiong,Jianbing Xu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.5

The design of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller-based distributed DC power supply is presented. The system includes a photovoltaic (PV) power generation, commercial hardware drive power system, and a battery booster circuit. A software control technology is used for storage battery charging and discharging. The PID control algorithm is used to control AVR microcontroller to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and to improve system stability. In addition to the traditional battery power, the system can make full use of solar system for energy sustainability. Experiment results show that the proposed system outperforms the traditional system with respect to the function of track, monitor and fine-tune for system steady state.

Iron-manganese-magnesium mixed oxides catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

Kang Zhang,Liting Xu,Shengli Niu,Chunmei Lu,Dong Wang,Qi Zhang,Jing Li 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.6

SCR activity at low temperature over iron oxide catalyst was prominently optimized by adding manganese and magnesium. Fe0.7Mn0.15Mg0.15Oz(n(Mn)/[n(Fe)+n(Mn)+n(Mg)])=0.15 and n(Mg)/[n(Fe)+n(Mn)+n(Mg)]=0.15) presented better performance in the low temperature SCR and NOx conversion of 90% could be achieved over 125 oC. Meanwhile, part of manganese and magnesium oxides were highly dispersed on the catalyst surface in an amorphous phase to react with iron oxide to form solid solution. Manganese and magnesium dopants could optimize the pore structure and distribution of γ-Fe2O3 to enhance the surface area and pore volume. Moreover, O2 participated in SCR reaction at a faster rate than NH3. In addition, the effect of SO2 was proved to be irreversible, whereas the inhibition of H2O could be rapidly removed after its removal.

Analysis and Modeling of AC–AC Switched Capacitor Converters

Hui Cai,Liting Bao,Qian Guo,Ying Wang,Weimin Chen 전력전자학회 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.1

A new modeling method for AC–AC switched capacitor converters (SCCs) is introduced in this study. The proposed analyticalmethod aims to accurately describe the input–output characteristics of AC–AC SCCs and establish a mathematical model forstatic voltage conversion ratio and equivalent resistance, which are key performance metrics for SCCs. A quantitative analysis ofconverter regulation capability is addressed on the basis of the modeling method. In this analysis, the effects of the controlparameters and individual components on SCCs are illustrated extensively. Component stresses, such as the peak value andtransient variation of the voltage/current of the converter, are also presented. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verifiedby comparing it with the existing modeling method and applying it to an AC–AC SCC with a conversion ratio of three. Two 1kW prototypes are built in a laboratory, and their experimental results exhibit good agreement with the theoretical analysis.