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Park, Sunny,Hyun, Yang Jin,Kim, Yu Ran,Lee, Ju Hyun,Ryu, Sunae,Kim, Jeong Mi,Oh, Woo-Yong,Na, Han Sung,Lee, Jong Gu,Seo, Doo Won,Hwang, In Yeong,Park, Zewon,Jang, In-Jin,Oh, Jaeseong,Choi, Seung Eun The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.5
<P>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of <I>CYP2C19*2</I> and <I>*3</I> genetic polymorphisms on omeprazole pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) responses. Twenty-four healthy Korean volunteers were enrolled and given 20 mg omeprazole orally once daily for 8 days. The genotypes of <I>CYP2C19</I> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (<I>*2</I>, <I>*3</I>, and <I>*17</I>) were screened. The plasma concentrations of omeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and 5-hydroxy (5-OH) omeprazole were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The noncompartmental method was used for the determination of PK parameters. Change of mean pH and proportion (%) of time of gastric pH above 4.0 were estimated. The poor metabolizer (PM) group had the lowest metabolic ratio and exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) for omeprazole among the <I>CYP2C19</I> phenotype groups. The PM group showed the greatest change of mean pH and the highest % time of gastric pH above 4.0. The relationship between AUC of omeprazole and % time of gastric pH above 4.0 was confirmed. The study demonstrates that <I>CYP2C19*2</I> and <I>*3</I> influence the PKs and PDs of omeprazole in Korean healthy volunteers. Clinical trial registry at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (https://clinicaltrials.gov), number NCT02299687.</P>
Synthesis and Properties of an Ionic Polyacetylene with 3rd Generation Dendritic Moieties
Gal, Yeong-Soon,Kim, Myeong-Ran,Lim, Kwon-Taek,Lee, Won-Chul,Lyoo, Won Seok,Park, Young Il,Park, Jong-Wook,Han, Seung Choul,Lee, Jae Wook,Jin, Sung-Ho Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2010 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.520 No.1
여성주의 관점에서 본 가정폭력 피해자의 욕구와 피해자 보호정책 패러다임의 변화
박영란(Park Yeong Ran) 한국여성학회 2007 한국여성학 Vol.23 No.3
이 논문에서는 모저(Moser)의 젠더욕구 분석틀을 활용하여 여성주의 관점에서 가정폭력 피해자 보호 정책의 실효성을 제고하기 위해서는 피해여성들의 실질적 욕구는 물론 전략적 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발과 정책적 지원이 적극 이루어져야 함을 제안하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 1997년 ?가정폭력방지 및 피해자 보호 등에 관한 법률?이 제정된 이후 가정폭력 피해자 보호를 위한 예산과 서비스가 지속적으로 확대되어 왔지만, 피해여성에 대한 지원과 가정폭력 문제의 해결에 그다지 효과적이지 못했다. 이는 기존의 법률과 제도가 가정폭력 피해 여성들의 실질적 욕구에만 초점을 맞춘채 전략적 욕구의 중요성을 인지하지 못하고 있었기 때문이다. 2006년의 개정 가정폭력 방지법은 이러한 문제의식 하에 과거 ‘건전한 가정의 보호ㆍ육성’에 두어졌던 정책의 목표를 ‘가정폭력 예방 및 피해자 보호와 지원’로 전환하는 한편, 가정폭력 피해 여성들의 실질적 욕구와 전략적 욕구의 충족을 동시에 추구하는 조치를 포함함으로써 마침내 여성주의 관점에서 피해자 보호 정책을 본격적으로 추진할 수 있는 제도적 기반이 마련되었다. In Korea, the budget and social services for the victims of domestic violence have continued to increase since the enactment of the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Victim Protection Act in 1997. However, the problems of domestic violence, especially that of wife abuse, still persist in Korean society, and public policy has limitations in providing adequate support for its victims. According to the national survey conducted in 2004, 37.3% of married women in Korea experienced violence from their spouses within one year period, and 45.9% of them during their marriage. In this paper, Moser(1993)'s gender needs assessment tool was adopted as a conceptual framework for understanding the changes in gender needs of the female victims of domestic violence, and for analyzing and designing more gender-sensitive and transformative policy measures. Over the past decade, the policy paradigm for domestic violence in Koreahave been transformed from ‘protection of at-risk women' to ‘advocacy of women's human rights' as the implementing agency for domestic violence policy changed from the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to the Ministry of Gender Equality in 2001. Moreover, the needs of women who reside in the shelters for the victims of domestic violence have also changed. Recently, more women have expressed the need for economic independence and self-sufficiency as they planned to leave the shelters. This is an indicator that women's needs are shifting from practical needs to more strategic needs. A major amendment of the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Victim Protection Act in 2006 has laid the institutional foundation for implementing more effective domestic violence policy. However, the service delivery system is not yet adequately prepared to meet the evolving gender needs of the victims of domestic violence in Korea. In order to increase the effectiveness and gender-sensitivity of the new victim protection policy, a feminist perspective needs to be integrated in constructing the social support system for the victims of domestic violence, and in implementing the preventive measures as well.
이영란(Yeong-Ran Lee),박상준(Sang-June Park) 한국경영과학회 2013 한국경영과학회지 Vol.38 No.1
Because consumers tend to have negative opinion about a company that neglects social issues like poverty or pollution while it focuses on its own profit, a lot of companies have invested their resources in Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR). CSR has merits of image improving and profit gaining, on the other hand, it has also many shortcomings. First the cost of CSR may become a heavy financial burden. Specifically, CSR tends to be Implemented by a company’s unilateral backup, and then this may impose a heavy burden on the company. Second, one cannot expect effects of CSR in a short-term. Because of these shortcomings, the unilateral CSR has gone into alteration of the type of CSR since 1980’s. Instead of unilaterality. Cause-Related Marketing(CRM) began to be used for mutual profits among company, consumers, and society. That is, CRM has become to be spotlighted as a new type of CSR. It focuses on partnership between a company and consumers based on cause and mutual profit pursuing through this partnership. So, many contemporary companies prefer CRM activities that derive their positive corporate image, that increase their sales, and that reduce their financial cost. The IBM Matching Grants Program, which is the largest of the IBM-Employee partnership programs, is a typical CRM. This program enables employees and retirees to increase the value of their donations to educational institutions, hospital, hospices, nursing homes, and cultural & environmental organizations with a matching gift from IBM. Hundreds of educational institutions and thousands of nonprofit organizations have benefited from the contributions by IBM. There might be various types of matching grants. For example, an employee might choose a lump-sum expense or partitioning a lump-sum into a series of small ongoing expenses for his (or her) donation, and a firm might match the employee’s total contribution with a lump-sum expense or might match the employee’s total contribution with a series of small ongoing expenses. However, it is not easy to find an academic research on which type of matching grant is preferred by employees. This paper stows that an employee prefers the type of matching grants that consists of a lump-sum expense for his (or her) contribution and a series of small ongoing expenses for a firm’s contribution [or the type of matching grants that consists of a series of small ongoing expenses for an employee’s contribution and a lump-sum expense for a firm’s contribution] to the other types of matching grants.