Malic Acid 혹은 Citric acid 의 첨가가 반추위 혼합미생물의 성장 및 대사에 미치는 영향

고주,이성실,노영애,김홍대,하종규,감동근,전현식 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 malic acid와 citric acid의 첨가가 반추위 혼합미생물의 성장 및 대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해서 실시되었는데, 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Malic acid와 citric acid를 각각 혼합미생물의 배지에 첨가했을 때 배양 12∼24시간에서 두 처리구에서 모두 박테리아의 성장이 크게 촉진되었어며 citric aicd의 첨가효과가 malic acid보다 더 좋았고 박테리아중 amylase를 분비하는 박테리아가 주로 많이 성장하였다. 그리고 곰팡이는 12∼24시간까지는 malic acid와 citric acid 첨가구에서 모두 대조구에 비하여 유의성있게 증가하다 48시간 후에는 급격히 감소하였다. 따라서 섬유소 분해효소의 활력도 48시간부터 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of malic or citric acid on the growth and cellulolytic activity of mixed rumen microbes. The mixed rumen microbes were inoculated into Lowe's medium containing 0.01% malic or citric acid, and incubated for 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours. After incubation, enzyme (CMCase, xylanase, amylase and protease) activity, microbial growth and gas production were estimated. Results were obtained as below Bacterial growth rate and amylase activity were increased by addition of 0.01% malic acid or citric acid at 12 and 24 hour after incubation, and this stimulatory effect was more obvious with citric acid than with malic acid. Malic or citric acid addition increased fungal growth and cellulolytic enzyme activity upto 24 hour incubation.

Malic acid 와 Citric acid 의 첨가가 반추위 곰팡이의 성장 및 섬유소 분해율에 미치는 영향

고주,이성실,노영애,김홍대,하종규,양승학 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 실험은 처음으로 malic acid와 citric acid의 첨가가 곰팡이의 성장 및 섬유소 분해력에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였고 혼합 미생물의 성장 및 대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실험 1, 2, 3으로 나누어 수행하였는데, malic acid의 농도가 배지의 0.001%∼0.01%까지는 곰팡이의 성장 및 섬유소 분해효소의 활력과 섬유소 분해율을 증가시켰다. 그러나 0.1% 이상의 malic acid를 첨가하면 오히려 곰팡이의 성장이나 섬유소 분해효소 및 섬유소 분해력이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 citic acid를 배지의 0.005% 첨가했을 때 곰팡이의 성장량과 섬유소 분해효소의 활력 및 섬유소 분해율이 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며 0.1%에서는 크게 억제되는 것으로 나타났다 This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of malic or citric acid supplementation on the growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen fungi. Malic acid or citric acid were supplemented into Lowe's medium at the level of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%, respectively. N. frontalis was used as inoculant. Incubation was lasted for 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days and pH, CMCase and xylanase activity, filter paper degradability and fungal protein were estimated after incubation. When supplementation level was from 0.001 to 0.01%, malic acid stimulated the fungal growth, cellulolytic enzymes activity and cellulose degradability, but results were reversed when malic acid concentration was above 0.1%. Citric acid affected rumen fungal growth and cellulolytic enzyme activity in the similar trend. .

Eu³⁺ doped lutetium molybdenum oxides: Synthesis, optical properties, thermal behavior, and LED packaging

Cao, Chunyan,Xie, Along,Zhou, Tianliang,Zhong, Haichang,Lu, Xiangjun,Xie, An,Noh, Hyeon Mi,Jeong, Jung Hyun Elsevier 2020 Journal of luminescence Vol.217 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Some lutetium molybdenum oxides were synthesized through a solid-state reaction method. By adjusting the molar ratios of raw materials of Lu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (Eu<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) to MoO<SUB>3</SUB>, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> doped lutetium molybdenum oxides Lu<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>, Lu<SUB>2</SUB>Mo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>9</SUB>, Lu<SUB>2</SUB>(MoO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, and Lu<SUB>6</SUB>MoO<SUB>12</SUB> were obtained. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, energy-dispersive spectra (EDS), diffuse reflection (DR) spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, luminescence decay curves, and temperature dependent integrated emission spectra. Enhanced excitation and emission spectra were recorded at high temperatures. Possible energy transfer processes were proposed to explain the excitation and emission spectra. By combining some phosphors with near ultraviolet (NUV) chips, the obtained light emitting diodes (LEDs) gave red light under forward bias current. The results suggest that the obtained Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> doped lutetium molybdenum oxides have potential applications in phosphor converted based NUV LEDs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> doped Lu<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>, Lu<SUB>2</SUB>Mo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>9</SUB>, Lu<SUB>2</SUB>(MoO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, and Lu<SUB>6</SUB>MoO<SUB>12</SUB> were obtained. </LI> <LI> The materials present different structures, morphologies, optical properties, and luminescece decay behaviors. </LI> <LI> Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration dependent optical properties in Lu<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB> were researched. </LI> <LI> Enhanced excitation and emission spectra were recorded under high temperatures in some materials. </LI> <LI> Red LEDs were obtained by packaging phosphors to NUV LED chips. </LI> </UL> </P>

The observation of children`s holding position to redesign elementary school chair for easy carrying and moving

Lu’lu’ Purwaningrum,Satoshi Muraki 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

Objectives. Carrying and moving chairs enable and improve learning activities at school, which leads to better quality of education. At elementary schools in Indonesia and other developing countries, only one size of chair has been used for all ages and grades, therefore, making it heavy for younger children. The objective of the present study was to observe the motion of carrying and moving an elementary school chair by children. Methods. A total of 41 children consisting of 16 Indonesian and 25 Japanese children (17 boys and 24 girls) aged 6, 7, 8 and 9 participated in this study. We used three elementary school chairs (1 Indonesian and 2 Japanese chairs). The participants carried and moved the chairs 3 m with an ordinary speed, and were allowed to hold any part of the chair that was convenient for them. We recorded their motion when carrying and moving the chair. Results. The chair was carried at the side or in front of the child’s body, and the chair being in a lateral position is the most popular method of carrying and moving (75%). In all methods, participants showed a preference in using two particular chair parts to hold the chair. Conclusions. Careful consideration is needed on the design of elementary school chairs from the perspective of the main methods and holding pattern for carrying and moving them, especially heavy chairs that are used in elementary schools in Indonesia.

The Observation of Children`s Holding Position to Redesign Elementary School Chair for Easy Carrying and Moving

( Lu`lu` Purwaningrum ),( Satoshi Muraki ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

Objectives. Carrying and moving chairs enable and improve learning activities at school, which leads to better quality of education. At elementary schools in Indonesia and other developing countries, only one size of chair has been used for all ages and grades, therefore, making it heavy for younger children. The objective of the present study was to observe the motion of carrying and moving an elementary school chair by children. Methods. A total of 41 children consisting of 16 Indonesian and 25 Japanese children (17 boys and 24 girls) aged 6, 7, 8 and 9 participated in this study. We used three elementary school chairs (1 Indonesian and 2 Japanese chairs). The participants carried and moved the chairs 3 m with an ordinary speed, and were allowed to hold any part of the chair that was convenient for them. We recorded their motion when carrying and moving the chair. Results. The chair was carried at the side or in front of the child`s body, and the chair being in a lateral position is the most popular method of carrying and moving (75%).

Preventive Effects of Intracisternal Alphatochopherol on Cerebral Vasospasm in Experimental Subarachnoid Hamorrhage

SerdarKemalo?lu,Umit?zkan,FahriYilmaz,ErdemAK,HamitAcemo?lu,G?n?l?lmez,Ramazan?ım?ek,AbdurrahmanBakir 연세대학교의과대학 2003 Yonsei medical journal Vol.44 No.6

Effects of α-Si₃N₄ seeds and sintering additives on properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics fabricated by carbothermal reduction

Yuan Lu,Ji-Qiang Gao,Jian-feng Yang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6

In this paper, porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by carbothermal reduction between silicon dioxide and carbon [1]. The influences of α-Si3N4 seeds and sintering additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Si3N4 ceremics were investigated. XRD analysis proved the complete formation of a single-phase β-Si3N4. SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous Si3N4 ceramics had a fine microstructure and a uniform pore structure. The sintered sample with Lu2O3 as sintering additive showed finer, higher aspect ratio β-Si3N4 grains. The addition of Eu2O3 accelerated the densification of porous Si3N4 ceramics, decreased the porosity and increased the flexural strength. The addition of α-Si3N4 seeds accelerated the formation of the α-Si3N4 phase at a low temperature and the α-β phase transformation process at a high temperature. With an increase in the α-Si3N4 seeds content, the porosity decreased, and the flexural strength increased accordingly. In this paper, porous Si3N4 ceramics were fabricated by carbothermal reduction between silicon dioxide and carbon [1]. The influences of α-Si3N4 seeds and sintering additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Si3N4 ceremics were investigated. XRD analysis proved the complete formation of a single-phase β-Si3N4. SEM analysis showed that the resultant porous Si3N4 ceramics had a fine microstructure and a uniform pore structure. The sintered sample with Lu2O3 as sintering additive showed finer, higher aspect ratio β-Si3N4 grains. The addition of Eu2O3 accelerated the densification of porous Si3N4 ceramics, decreased the porosity and increased the flexural strength. The addition of α-Si3N4 seeds accelerated the formation of the α-Si3N4 phase at a low temperature and the α-β phase transformation process at a high temperature. With an increase in the α-Si3N4 seeds content, the porosity decreased, and the flexural strength increased accordingly.

The Influence of Cigarette Smoke on the Epithelium of the Vestibule: an Electron Microscopic Study

Mukaddes E?refo?lu,Erol Selimo?lu,Muammer E?refo?lu,?zgen Vuraler 연세대학교의과대학 2003 Yonsei medical journal Vol.44 No.4

It is known that cigarette smoke induces cytological alterations on the respiratory and olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity. We evaluated whether cigarette smoking had adverse effects on the epithelium of the vestibule, in the absence of any published ultrasutructural studies. We evaluated ten patients suffering from septum deviation, eight of whom were long-term smokers. While each layer of the epithelium obtained from the non-smokers consisted of a homogeneous cell population, each from the long-term smokers consisted of a heterogeneous cell population. The most prominent changes occurred in the shape and size of the cells and nuclei, the number and length of the cytoplasmic projections, the number and distribution pattern of the desmosomes, and the width of the intercellular spaces. We concluded that cigarette smoke produces hyperplastic and dysplastic changes, important factors related with cancer development, on the epithelium of the vestibule.

Dot Idea (.IDEA): A New Concept for an Incubation Program and Open Innovation Based on User Needs

Luís Felipe Maldaner,Luísa Simon,Carlos Eduardo de Souza Aranha 세계과학도시연합 2018 World Technopolis Review Vol.7 No.2

This paper discussed the application process of the Dot Idea program. The Dot Idea program is an incubation and open innovation program co-created by Unitec, an incubator at Tecnosinos Tech Park, and an SAP innovation team. The main objective of this study was to cover an existing gap in the literature regarding the practical application of an open innovation methodology. Many companies seek interaction with external parties to enable advancement toward identified innovation opportunities. Technology clusters, parks, and incubators have played an important role in promoting connections and interaction. Consequently, the Dot Idea program emerged as a result of a joint effort to create a program using a design science research methodology aiming to foster new businesses and strengthen Brazil and Latin America as a hub to develop new solutions for traditional organizations. In regards to lessons learned, the Dot.health trial had some success but also experienced difficulties; these related to the relationships between startups and a hospital’s internal teams, and startups’ needs to be funded from the beginning in order to be fully dedicated to a project.

Safety Assessment of Eurocode 3 Stability Design Rules for Prismatic Members in Bending and Compression

Luís Simões da Silva,Trayana Tankova,Carlos Rebelo 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.1

This paper presents the safety assessment of Eurocode 3—part 1-1 (Eurocode in EN 1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: design of steel structures—part 1-1: general rules and rules for buildings, CEN, Brussels, 2005) rules for hot-rolled members with I and H cross-sections loaded in bending and compression. The safety assessment follows the recommendations of Annex D of EN 1990 (Eurocode in EN 1990, Eurocode—basis of structural design, CEN, Brussels, 2002). It is based on a large number (11,345) of numerical simulations (GMNIA) covering various relevant parameters. The assessment aimed at the justifi cation of the partial factors to be used in the design of members under bending and compression as part of the ongoing process of revision of Eurocode 3—part 1-1. For that, it covered the application of the interaction factors given in Annex B/Method 2 of the current version of Eurocode 3—part 1-1 which will be the only method in the future version of Eurocode 3. In addition, the interaction factors were applied with the new buckling curves for lateral-torsional buckling, as they will appear in the new version. The assessment showed consistent results across the subsets considered with low variability and partial factors generally lower than 1.0. Finally, the γ M * values are compared for fl exural buckling of columns, lateral-torsional buckling of beams with the results obtained for beam-columns considering f y , cross-section geometry and E as random variables, using the same statistical characterization of the random variables. It is observed that the partial factors obtained beam-columns are lower than those obtained for columns and beams. In conclusion, based on combination of the results obtained it was possible to recommend a global value of γ M1 = 1.0.