레진시멘트의 색안정성에 대한 가속시험

송하정,박수정,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 레진 시멘트의 색 안정성을 평가하여, 레진 시멘트의 변색에 의한 심미 수복물의 실패의 가능성을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 4종의 이원중합형 레진 시멘트인 Panavia-F (PA; KURARAY), Duolink (DL; BISCO), Variolink II (VL; Ivoclar Vivadent),및 RelyX Unicem (UC; 3M ESPE)과 1종의 자가중합형 레진 시멘트인 Resiment Ready-Mix (with fluoride) CE (RM: j.l.Blosser)를 사용하였으며 , 대조군으로 복합레진 Gradia Direct (GD; GC)과 복합 레진 인레이용 Tecera Dentin A3 (TE; Bisco)를 사용했다. 각 재료 당 직경 6.5 ㎜, 두께 4.5 ㎜의 디스크형 시편 10개를 제작하였다. 중합 후 시편은 분광색채계측기인 Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth)를 이용해 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값을 측정하고 가속시험을 위해 빛이 차단된 refrigerated bath circulator에서 60 ℃ 증류수에 30일간 보관 후에 색 측정을 시행하고, 시험 전 후의 색차를 계산하였다. 가속 시험 후 L^(*) 값은 감소하는 앙상을 보였고, a^(*) 값은 증가하는 양상을 보였지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 반면 b^(*) 값은 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). TE가 15일과 30일 모두에서 가장 적은 색변화 (p < 0.05)를 보인 반면 GD는 15일 가속 실험 후 큰 색변화를 보였다. 30일 가속 실험 후 PA, VL, RM, DL 그리고 UC 순으로 ΔE^(*)값이 커졌으며 (p < 0.05), 30일 후 모든 레진시멘트들은 육안으로 변색을 인지할 수 있는 3 이상의 ΔE^(*) 값을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of resin cements with accelerated test. Four dual curing resin cements: Panavia-F (KURARAY), Duolink (BISCO), Variolink-II (Ivoclar Vivadent), and RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE) and 1 self curing resin cement: Resiment CE (j. 1. Blosser) were used in this study. In control group, Gradia Anterior (GC) composite resin and Tescera Dentin (Bisco) indirect composite were used. Ten disk shape specimens were made from each resin cement. The specimens were subjected to an accelerated aging process in a refrigerated bath circulator at 60 ℃ for 15 and 30 days. Spectrophotometric analyses were made before and after 15 days and 30 days of accelerated aging time. The color characteristics (L^(*), a^(*), b^(*)) and the color difference (ΔE^(*)) of the specimens before and after immersion were measured and computed. Regardless of type of the resin cements, L^(*) value was decreased and a^(*) value was increased, but there were no significant difference. But b^(*) value was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Tescera inlay showed least color change (p < 0.05), but Gradia showed notable color change after 15 days. After 30 days on accelerated aging, ΔE^(*) value was increased (Panavia-F < Variolink-II < Resiment CE < Duolink < Unicem) (p < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among Panavia-F, Variolink-II, and Resiment CE groups. After 30 days of accelerated aging, ΔE^(*) value of all resin cements were greater than 3.0 and could be perceived by the human eye.

新梢頂端培養에 의한 대추나무(Zizyphus jujuba Miller)의 callus로부터 植物體 再分化

宋沅燮,金鎭洙,劉成吾 圓光大學校大學院 1991 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Organogenesis from callus induced from shoot tip in vitro cultured was examined with using different strength of MS medium containing various concentration of different plant growth regulators alone and its combination in jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller). Callus induction was favorable in the treatment of concentration of 2,4-D 1.0, 0.3mg/1 adding on MS medium. Favorable shoot proliferation from callus subcultured on medium for shooting appeared in the treatment of 0.5mg/1 BAP alone adding on 1/2 MS medium. For rooting induction 1/2 MS medium supplemented with the combination of 0.5 or 1.5mg/1 IBA and 0.1, 1.0mg/1 BAP was most effective but 1/2 MS medium containing IBA alone had little effect. Keywords:organogenesis;shoot;callus;jujube MS=Murashige and Skoog Abbreviations:2,4-D=2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid BAP=6-benzylamino purine IBA=indol-3-butylic acid

수축형 및 확장형 FACE-BOW에 의한 상악 제1대구치 견인시 치근주위 응력분포에 대한 광탄성법적 분석

송관순,권오원 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1991 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Contraction and Expansion Face-Bows retraction of the maxillary first molars. The experimental models were made with the epoxy resin and the Face-Bows used in this study were standard type, contraction type and expansion type of the Ormco company. The maxillary first molars were retracted with each type of Face-Bow in the direction of straight pull and 500gm in total force. The obtained stress distributions around the roots were analysed by three dimensional photoelastic method. The results were as follows: 1. In the mesio-distal stress distribution, the maximum cervical stress of distal side of the Contraction and Expansion Face-Bows was approximately a half of the standard type case. 2. In the apical view, the ratio of the maximum stress distribution of the cervical one third is as follows: 1) In case of the standard type, distal and buccal maximum stress shows the ratio of 1 to 0.77. 2) In case of the contration type, distal and lingual maximum stress shows the ratio of 1 to 1.08. 3) In case of the expansion type, distal and lingual maximum stress shows the ratio of 1 to 1.46.

여성의 브래지어 착용에 관한 연구 : 대구시내를 중심으로 The centering Taegu city

오화자,이송자,홍정민,김정원 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1988 연구논문집 Vol.37 No.1

The purpose of this study was to obtain the material for a right selecting buying, care of brassier, and for a right production of brassier. The questionaires in this study were administered to a sample of 10 age -50 age women in Taegu city. The result were as follows; 1. In the degree of wearing the brassier, the old age was lower than the younger age. The first time of wearing is around fifteen. The number of brassier for each a person is 4∼5. 2. In the degree of wearing the brassier as a rule the older age was lower than the younger age on the other hand at the time going out, the degree of wearing the brassier was high. 3. Most of women was wearing a round type brassier, and teen-age and twenty age prepared to asid strech type brassier and thirty age, fourty age, fifty age prepared to a cup side stretch type brassier, semi-long brassier in order. 4. In the feeling of wearing the brassier, the best brassier was round type brassier, semi-long type brassier, cup side stretch type brassier, tape type in order. 5. The reason of wearing the brassier was for a maintenance of figure, habit courtesy, harmony of out of garment in order. 6. The case of knowing of one's bust size and one's brassier size was about 40%. 7. In the place of buying the brassier, there was no difference between department and market, agency In a brassier, buying point was material, maker, advertsement, price in order. 8. The washing of brassier was per a 2 day∼3 day, not only summer but winter after washing, the change of brassier was change of lace, color fastness, twist of abuld strap, change of figure of cup in order. 9. The reason of abandonment of brassier was change of lace, discomfort, color fastness in order.

情報化社會와 監査커뮤니케이션에 關한 一般論的 考察

吳元均,宋泰成 순천대학 중소기업경영연구소 1991 기업경영연구 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this paper is to examine of improving method of audit communication by general consideration in the current in to rmation society. The results suggest that communication gap occur between the intormation users and the information senders because the information senders because the senders can't follow the into rmation users needs. In order to make narrow the gap, this paper implies that commonality of experience should be en larged by he two parties and users' education should be enforced by accounting profession. Messages (audit reports) should be written from the stand point of sophisicated intornation users for the purpose of improving communication. And enlarged, flexible message format may be effective in current in formation society.

工業敎育大學 敎育改善에 관한 硏究(Ⅲ)

宋周鎬,李昌岬,洪元杓,孟琦錫,任洪彬,李廷玟,李載元,李來烈,權五憲,金振淳,李文洙 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1982 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

This paper aims at providing a concrete plan to improve technical and vocational teacher education in the College of Industrial Education of Chungnam National University. It is intended to propose a practical four-year regular and short-term course. Also, the estimated required facilities is included in this study as well as their management. The main conclusions and recommendations are summarized as follows; 1) The numbers of students enrollment should be reduced to 220 students which is the approximate number of future demand. 2) In order to offer to the students a broader education and to cope with the increase/decrease in demand of technical and vocational teacher within a specific field, the 8 department existing at the present (Department of Architecture Engineering Education, Civil Eng. Educ., Metallurgical Eng. Educ., Mechanical Eng. .Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Electronic Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.) would be combined into 5 (Department of Construction Engineering Education, Mechanical Eng. Educ., Electrical Eng. Educ., Industrial Chemistry Educ. and Industrial Technology Educ.). 3) The short-term course program is recommened to provide additional training and education to those candidates who already have experience in technical fields to meet an occasional demand. 4) It is necessary to add the Teaching Profession Section in the administrative organization of the College.

치과용 접착제가 복합레진 인레이와 레진시멘트의 결합력에 미치는 영향

송미혜,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.5

본 연구는 레진시멘트의 레진인레이에 대한 접착 시 접착제 혹은 primer의 사용이 결합력에 영향을 미치는지 평가하기위해 시행하였다. 직경 5 mm,높이 4.5 mm의 원기둥 형태로 제작한 레진인레이(Tescera, Bisco, USA)의 표면을 1000번,1500번 그리고 2000번 사포로 주수 하에서 연마하여 평편한 면을 형성한 후 레진인레이의 표면에 sandblasting을 시행한 후 표면에 1분 동안 silane을 도포하였다. 2군으로 나누어 한 군은 대조군으로,다른 한 군은 표면에 동일한 제조사의 접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 후 중합하였다. 레진인레이 상에 3 mm 직경의 구멍이 형성된 아크릴판을 고정하고,구멍에 레진 시멘트를 주입하여 경화시켰다. 레진 시멘트는 Panavia-F(Kyrary), Varolink-II(Ivoclar-Vivadent), RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE),Duolink (Bisco)와 자가중합형인 Multilink(Ivoclar-Vivadent)를 사용하였다. 제작된 시편을 만능물성시험기에 위치시고 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 측정 결과 접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 군은 대조군에 비해 전단결합강도가 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). 하지만 Variolink-II와 Panavia-F는 전단결합강도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대조군에서는 각 레진 시멘트 간에 전단결합강도의 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (p < O.O1),Variolink-II가 가장 높은 결합강도를 보인 반면,자가중합형인 Multilink가 가장 낮은 결합강도를 보였다. 하지만,접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 군에서는 각 제품 간에 전단결합강도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과 이원중합형이나 자가중합형 레진시멘을 이용하여 레진인레이 부착 시 silane 처리 후 접착제나 프라이머의 도포가 결합 강도의 증가를 위해 필요하리라 사료된다. This study analyzed the influence of dental adhesive/primer on the bond strength between indirect resin composite and the resin cement. Seventy disc specimens of indirect resin composite (Tescera Dentin. Bisco) were fabricated. And bonding area of all specimens were sandblasted and silane treated for one minute. The resin cements were used with or without application of adhesive/primer to bonding area of indirect resin restoration: Variolink-II (Ivoclar-Vivadont): Exite DSC, Panavia-F (Kuraray): ED-Primer, RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE): Single-Bond. Duolink (Bisco): One-step. Mulitlink (Ivoclar-Vivadent): Multilinh Primer. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine. Adhesive application improved shear bond strength (p < 0.05). But Variolink II and Panavia-F showed no statistically significant difference according to the adhesive application. With the above results. when resin inlay is luted by resin cement it seems that application of dental adhesive/primer is necessary in order to improve the bond strength.

색상 측정 기기를 이용한 복합레진 적층 수복과 단일 수복의 색상 비교 분석

송영상,김자현,이빈나,장지현,장훈상,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: This study analyzed the difference in color caused by different thickness in enamel layer of composite resins when applied with single and layering placement technique, and evaluated if the results agreed with the shade guide from the manufacturers to verify reliability of the color matching process of the manufacturers. Materials and Methods: For single composite resin samples, 6 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness cylindrical samples were fabricated using Ceram-X mono (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and CIE L*a*b* values were measured with spectrophotometer. Same process was done for layering compositie resin samples, making 3 dentinal shade samples, 4 mm thickness, for each shade using Ceram-X duo (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and enamel shade resins were layered in 2 mm thickness and CIE L*a*b* values were measured. These samples were ground to 0.2 mm thickness each time, and CIE L*a*b* values were measured to 1 mm thickness of enamel shade resin. Results: Color difference (△E*) between single and layering composite resin was 1.37 minimum and 10.53 maximum when layering thicknesses were between 1 mm and 2 mm and 6 out of 10 same shade groups suggested by manufacturer showed remarkable color difference at anythickness (△E* > 3.3). Conclusion: When using Ceram-X mono and duo for composite resin restoration, following the manufacturer's instructions for chossing the shade is not appropriate, and more accurate information for Ceram-X duo is needed on the variation and expression of the shades depending on the thickness of the enamel. (Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(2):84-89)

기저재용 광중합형 글래스아이오노머의 치질 및 복합 레진 인레이에 대한 접착양상

이송희,김동준,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2005 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.30 No.3

연구는 간접 복합 레진 인레이 수복 시 기저재로 사용되는 광중합형 글래스아이오노머와 인레이 접착에 사용되는 레진 시멘트간의 접착 전까지의 시간 경과에 따른 전단 결합강도를 측정하고, 상아질과 글래스아이오노머, 글래스아이오노머와 레진 시멘트간 접착계면에 대해 SEM 관찰하였다. 2종의 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트 Fuji II LC (GC Co, Tokyo, Japan)와 Vitrebond (3M, Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A)의 시편을 제작하였다 5 mmx7 mm의 실리콘 주형에 Artglass (Heraeus Kultzer, Germany)를 이용하여 레진 인레이를 제작하였다. 글래스아이오노머 베이스를 각 각 1시간, 24시간, 1주 및 2주 동안 37℃ 증류수에 보관한 후 Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein)를 적용하여 인레이를 접착하였다. 만능 물성시험기(Model 4302, Instron, U.S.A)를 이용하여 결합 면에 1 mm/min의 속도로 1000 kg 하중을 가하여 전단 결합강도를 측정하였고, one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다. SEM 관찰을 위해 발거된 제 3대구치에 2급 와동을 형성하였고, 기저재로 광중합형 글래스아이오노머 시멘트를 적용하였다. 인레이를 접착한 시편을 수직 절단하여 상아질, 글래스아이오노머, 및 복합레진 인레이 간의 계면을 SEM (JSM-5400 Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) 관찰하였다. 시간 경과에 따른 글래스아이오노머와 복합 레진 인레이 사이의 전단 결합강도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 기저재 재료에 따른 전단 결합강도의 유의한 차이도 없었으며 대부분 시편에서 글라스아이오노머 내부에서 응집 파괴 (Cohesive failure)가 발생하였다. SEM 관찰 시 글래스아이오노머와 상아질 사이에 약 30-20 rn 정도의 간극 (gap)이 형성되었으며 , 글래스아이오노머와 복합 레진 인레이 계면에서는 1시간 후 접착한 시편을 제외하고 간극은 발견되지 않았다. This study was done to evaluate the shear bond strength between light-cured glass ionomer cement (GIC) base and resin cement for luting indirect resin inlay and to observe bonding aspects which is produced at the interface between them by SEM. Two types of light cured GIC (Fuji II LC Improved, GC Co. Tokyo, Japan and Vitrebond, 3M, Paul Minnesota U.S.A) were used in this study. For shear bond test, GIC specimens were made and immersed in 37℃ distilled water for 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. Eighty resin inlays were prepared with Artglass (Heraeus Kultzer Germany) and luted with Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Shear bond strength of each specimen was measured and fractured surface were examined. Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA. Twenty four extracted human third molars were selected and Class II cavities were prepared and GIC based at axiopulpal lineangle. The specimens were immersed in 37℃ distilled water for 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks. And then the resin inlays were luted to prepared teeth. The specimens were sectioned vertically with low speed saw. The bonding aspect of the specimens were observed by SEM (JSM-5400, Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) .There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength according to storage periods of light cured GIC base. And cohesive failure was mostly appeared in GIC On scanning electron micrograph, about 30 - 120 ㎛ of the gaps were observed on the interface between GIC base and dentin. No gaps were observed on the interface between GTC and resin inlay.

韓方 食餌論에 대한 文獻的 考察

文重元,宋泰元,吳旼錫 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Good health and longevity is the goal of huamn beings. Recently, 'Dietary treatment' has become influential as one of the means for it in western medicine. Whereas in oriental medicine, 'Dietary treatment' was not recognized as therapeutic method but care of health. in this paper, the viewpoints of 'Dietary treatment' in oriental and western medicine was compared and searched for new possibilities in oriental medicine. And the resutls were as follows. 1. In oriental and western medicine, food was obviously recognized as a source of nourishment, and moreover oriental medicine took even a human soul into consideration. 2. Western medicine made much of nourishment and was analytical and therapeutic-centered, on the other hand, oriental medicine took a serious view of prevention and care of health. 3. Oriental medicine considered that intake of food was a adoption of Gi(氣) and then it helped a circulation of Gi and beneficial for the production of Jeong(精). 4. Theprinciples of diet in oriental medicine was reasonable combination of food, balance of Oh-Mi(五味), temperance of food and intake by physical constiution.