A Study on the Scenario Transparency of Civil Intelligent Adjudication in China

주복용 ( Fu-yong Zhu ),퉁신위 ( Xin-yu Tong ),가오이헝 ( Yi-heng Gao ) 한중사회과학학회 2024 한중사회과학연구 Vol.22 No.1

과학기술의 발전으로 인하여 민사재판에 있어서도 이른바 ‘스마트 재판’이 등장하였다. 스마트 재판은 과학기술에 재판의 기능을 더한 것으로, 재판절차를 표준화함으로써 재판의 질적 및 효율성을 제고하는데 도움이 된다. 현재 재판과정을 보면, ‘사전회의-공판-판결’을 거치는데, 이때 판결의 편차가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 판결의 편차에 있어 투명성이 보장되지 않기 때문에 스마트 재판에 사용되는 AI의 알고리즘에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 하지만, 알고리즘은 대부분 제조회사의 영업비밀로 보호되고 있다. 이른바 ‘알고리즘 블랙박스’로 인해 민사사건 당사자와 일반대중은 알고리즘의 실제 작동과정과 재판에서의 적용에 관해 알기 어려울 뿐만 아니라, 재판결과에 대한 합리적 의심을 해결할 수 없게 된다. 이로 인해 최근 중국이 스마트 재판을 받아들여 발전시키려는 정책에 걸림돌이 될 수 있다. 이를 위해 스마트 재판의 과정을 시각화함으로써 투명성을 보장할 필요가 있다. 즉, 재판준비과정에서 공판 및 판결에 이르기 까지의 전과정을 AI 알고리즘의 운영이 시각화할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 기술적으로는 재판과정 간 투명성 보장을 위한 알고리즘을 통해 상호 통합하도록 하여, 실제 재판이라는 물리적 공간과 AI가 제공하는 사이버 공간을 상호 연결하여 융합할 필요가 있다. 또한, 민사재판의 투명성 보장을 통해 ‘기계(프로그램)+인간’이 공생하는 민사재판 모델을 구축하고, 전통적인 ‘현장 정의’ 이론을 ‘디지털 정의’이론으로 전환함으로써 민사사건 해결에 있어 새로운 국면을 열 수 있을 것이다. Technology and civil adjudication of two-way run to write a new chapter of civil intelligent adjudication, intelligent technology for the adjudication of empowerment, help to standardize the adjudication of the operation of the program, enhance the quality of the adjudication of the effectiveness of the adjudication of the realization of the goals of the adjudication of great significance. However, in practice, due to the lack of transparency of pre-trial meetings, court hearings, adjudication and deviation and other scenarios, in particular, the algorithms involved are mostly protected by technology companies as trade secrets. The black box of algorithms makes it difficult for the parties to civil cases and the public to know the actual operation of the algorithms and the logic behind the adjudication actions, and it is impossible to dispel the reasonable doubts of the parties and the public about the adjudication results, which may exacerbate the crisis of the acceptability of civil intelligent adjudication. To this end, we take scene transparency as the perspective, typify the scenes of civil intelligent adjudication, construct intelligent transparency models from different scenes such as pre-trial preparation, trial, adjudication and adjudication deviation, promote the deep integration between technology and adjudication activities, promote the connection, switching and integration of material space and information space through technology, shape the theoretical models of transparency in different scenes, and improve the compatibility between the theoretical models of scene transparency and the development of intelligent adjudication technology. It also improves the adaptability between the theoretical model of scene transparency and the development of intelligent adjudication technology. Based on the justice goal of scene transparency research and development, and in accordance with the principle of human-machine symbiosis, the civil adjudication mode of human-machine symbiosis is constructed to promote the traditional theory of “field justice” to the theory of “digital justice”, improve the digital system of civil case resolution, and promote the realization of the fusion of technology and law. It also promotes the digitalization system of civil case resolution, promotes the integration of technology and law, and promotes the integration of emotion, reason and law in the adjudication results while enhancing the transparency of the intelligent adjudication scenario, so as to continuously improve the acceptability of the civil adjudication results, and to build up an ecological system of trust for civil intelligent adjudication.

Hyperin Extracted from Manchurian Rhododendron Leaf Induces Apoptosis in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells Through a Mitochondrial Pathway

Li, Fu-Rong,Yu, Feng-Xiu,Yao, Shu-Tong,Si, Yan-Hong,Zhang, Wei,Gao, Lin-Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Background: A number of effective prevention measures have been introduced in attempts to substantially reduce both the incidence and mortality due to many kinds of cancer. The search for new anti-cancer compounds in foods or in plant medicines is one realistic and promising approach to prevention. Chinese medicines provide a rich pool of novel and efficacious agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Previously it was demonstratrated that hyperin extracted from the Manchurian rhododendron leaf reduces the proliferation of many cancer cells. The present study was carried out to evaluate its effects on human endometrial cancer cell viability and apoptosis and to investigate its mechanisms of action in RL952 cells. Methods: Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Intracellular calcium ions were detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The effects of hyperin on apoptosis related proteins in RL952 cells were examined using Western blot analysis. Results: The growth of RL952 cells was inhibited by treatment with hyperin. OD values of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased and expression of bcl-2 was increased and bax was decreased in protein levels in RL952 cells after 24 h of hyperin treatment, Moreover, intracellular calcium accumulation occurred in hyperin-treated cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperin may play an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in human endometrial cells via a $Ca^{2+}$-related mitochondrion apoptotic pathway in RL952 cells.

Keratin/PEO/hydroxyapatite Nanofiber Membrane with Improved Mechanical Property for Potential Burn Dressing Application

Jie Fan,Tong-da Lei,Meng-Yan Yu,Yong-Heng Wang,Fu-Yuan Cao,Qingqi Yang,Faming Tian,Yong Liu 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.2

Keratin, as a promising substitute for tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, is used to combine one or more other polymers together. However, compound nanofibers with high keratin content (normally>90 wt.%) may result in the poor elongation of nanofiber membranes such as wound dressing. In this work, different ratios of hydroxyapatites (HA) modified by sodium hexametaphosphate were blended with keratin/polyethylene oxide (PEO) spinning solution to produce reinforced keratin blend nanofiber nonwoven membranes as a potential candidate wound dressing. The tensile strength of keratin blend nanofiber membrane with 15 % modified HA addition was two times higher than that without HA. The morphologies and chemical structure of keratin/PEO/HA nanofiber membranes were investigated using SEM, FTIR, and TG. The biocompatibility and the burn repairing performance of keratin/PEO/HA nanofiber mat were also investigated by cell culture and animal burn model. The results showed that the Keratin/PEO/HA nanofiber membranewas beneficial to enhance the proliferation of L929 cell, exhibiting an advantages in reducing inflammatory response in the infective stage and enhancing skin repairing process in the following recover stages. Our data suggested that keratin/PEO/HA nanofiber membrane could serve as a promising burn dressing for treatment of the skin burn.

White organic light-emitting diodes based on benzothiazole derivative

Hui-ying Fu,Xiao-tong Ye,Gao-yu Zhong,Zhi-yang Zhong,Fei Xiao 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.5

This paper describes the white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) made from a benzothiazole derivative, N-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine (BPNA). The bright yellowish-white emission was obtained from a non-doped triple-layer device: ITO/NPB (40 nm)/BPNA (50 nm)/Alq3 (40 nm)/LiF/Al. The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the device were (0.24, 0.36) at 10 V. The maximum brightness of the device was 9225 cd/㎡ at 14.4 V. A current efficiency of 3.08 cd/A, a power efficiency of 1.21 lm/W and an external quantum efficiency of 1.18% at a driving current density of 20 mA/㎠ were achieved. WOLED with a DCJTB-doped structure of ITO/TcTa/BPNA/BPNA: DCJTB (0.5%)/BPNA/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al was fabricated in comparison with the non-doped device. The device emitted bright white light with the CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.29) at 10 V and a maximum luminance of 7723 cd/㎡ at 14.8 V.

SPEED UP EXECUTION OF PARALLEL LOOP

He, Wang Yi,Yu, Wang Zhen,Tong, Sun,Shun, Guo Fu 대한전자공학회 1992 HICEC:Harbin International Conference on Electroni Vol.1 No.1

When sequential loops are transformed into parallel loops that can be executed on distributed parallel computer system, the backward data dependence introduced by loops greatly weakens parallel degree. This paper analyzes performances of this kind of dependence and presents a loop-restructuring method to eliminate it or decrease its intensity as much as possible. In addition, the technique of reducing synchronization overhead given in 〔3〕 is spread to reduce communication overhead between iterations of parallel loops.

In‑situ growth of ZIF‑8/CP with ultra‑high adsorption capacity for removing Malachite green from water

Jie Lou,Qiuping Fu,Lei Yu,Hui Yuan,Jie Zhao,Xinde Wei,Tong Wang,Changli Mo 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.7

An environmentally friendly and low-cost chitosan-containing polysaccharide (CP) composite ZIF-8/CP was designed and prepared based on the difficulty of separating the traditional adsorbent from the water phase. ZIF-8/CP was synthesized through in-situ growth approach. The physical, chemical and structure properties of ZIF-8/CP were determined through a series of characterization methods, including SEM, FT-IR and PXRD. The effects of touch time, pH, temperature, and coexisting ions on adsorption were assessed. In addition, kinetics, isotherms of adsorption and thermodynamics were examined. The data of isotherms for adsorption indicated that the adsorption of ZIF-8/CP on MG was similar to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1428.57 mg/g. Moreover, the kinetic parameters were consistent with the pseudo- 2nd-order equation. Thermodynamic studies (ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0) demonstrated a heat-absorbing and spontaneous adsorption process. Our study reveals that ZIF-8/CP has good adsorption properties and environmental properties.

Microscopic Mechanisms and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandy Mudstone under Different Water Saturations

Xiao-ming Sun,Fu-kun Shi,Ming-qun Zhu,Jia-xu Ding,Lin-sen He,Zhi-hu Li,Tong Zhang,Cheng-yu Miao 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.1

In order to study the damage mechanism of surrounding rocks under water-rock coupling, an experimental study on the microscopic law of water absorption and mechanics of sandy mudstone was carried out in the sandy mudstone stratum of Wanfu coal mine in Shandong, China. The results indicate that the strength of sandy mudstone exhibits three stages of relative softening, rapid softening, and decelerated softening. The speed of water molecules entering the microscopic pore structure was analyzed based on the percentage of water molecules in the pore structure. The acoustic emission energy release process is divided into energy accumulation stage, stable release stage and intense release stage. With the increase of water content saturation,  (Spectral width of the multifractal spectrum) tends to decrease and the distribution of events is gradually uniform. The action of water gradually expands and penetrates the cracks and pores inside the sandy mudstone, which makes f (Frequency of occurrence of the signal) change from negative to positive values.

In Vivo Biocompatibility and Improved Compression Strength of Reinforced Keratin/Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

Jie Fan,Meng-Yan Yu,Tong-da Lei,Yong-Heng Wang,Fu-Yuan Cao,Xiao Qin,Yong Liu 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2018 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.15 No.2

A rapid freezing/lyophilizing/reinforcing process is suggested to fabricate reinforced keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold with improved mechanical property and biocompatibility for tissue engineering. The keratin, extracted from human hair, and HA mixture were rapidly frozen with liquid nitrogen and then lyophilized to prepare keratin/HA laminar scaffold. The scaffold was then immersed in PBS for reinforcement treatment, and followed by a second lyophilization to prepare the reinforced keratin/HA scaffold. The morphology, mechanical, chemical, crystal and thermal property of the keratin/HA scaffold were investigated by SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, respectively. The results showed that the keratin/HA scaffold had a high porosity of 76.17 ± 3%. The maximum compressive strength and compressive modulus of the reinforced scaffold is 0.778 and 3.3 MPa respectively. Subcutaneous implantation studies in mice showed that in vivo the scaffold was biocompatible since the foreign body reaction seen around the implanted scaffold samples was moderate and became minimal upon increasing implantation time. These results demonstrate that the keratin/HA reinforced scaffold prepared here is promising for biomedical utilization.

A novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide providing heterologous protection in mice

Feng Wen,Ji-Hong Ma,Hai Yu,Fu-Ru Yang,Meng Huang,Yan-Jun Zhou,Ze-Jun Li,Xiu-Hui Wang,Guo-Xin Li,Yi-Feng Jiang,Wu Tong,Guangzhi Tong 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.1

Swine influenza viruses (SwIVs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs, resulting in a significant economic burden. Moreover, pigs have been considered to be a possible mixing vessel in which novel strains loom. Here, we developed and evaluated a novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide (M2e-MAP) as a supplemental antigen for inactivated H3N2 vaccine to provide cross-protection against two main subtypes of SwIVs, H1N1 and H3N2. The novel tetra-branched MAP was constructed by fusing four copies of M2e to one copy of foreign T helper cell epitopes. A high-yield reassortant H3N2 virus was generated by plasmid based reverse genetics. The efficacy of the novel H3N2 inactivated vaccines with or without M2e-MAP supplementation was evaluated in a mouse model. M2e-MAP conjugated vaccine induced strong antibody responses in mice. Complete protection against the heterologous swine H1N1 virus was observed in mice vaccinated with M2e-MAP combined vaccine. Moreover, this novel peptide confers protection against lethal challenge of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Taken together, our results suggest the combined immunization of reassortant inactivated H3N2 vaccine and the novel M2e-MAP provided cross-protection against swine and human viruses and may serve as a promising approach for influenza vaccine development.

Endothelial Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) Expression Is Regulated by Transcription Factor Mef2c

Jiang, Yong,Liu, He,Liu, Wen-jing,Tong, Hai-bin,Chen, Chang-jun,Lin, Fu-gui,Zhuo, Yan-hang,Qian, Xiao-zhen,Wang, Zeng-bin,Wang, Yu,Zhang, Peng,Jia, Hong-liang Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.4

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is expressed in most microvasculature endothelial cells and forms water channels that play major roles in a variety of physiologic processes. This study aimed to delineate the transcriptional regulation of AQP1 by Mef2c in endothelial cells. Mef2c cooperated with Sp1 to activate human AQP1 transcription by binding to its proximal promoter in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Over-expression of Mef2c, Sp1, or Mef2c/Sp1 increased HUVEC migration and tube-forming ability, which can be abolished AQP1 knockdown. These data indicate that AQP1 is a direct target of Mef2c in regulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis of endothelial cells.