韓國貿易의 性格分析試論(Ⅱ)

徐根太,朴奭根 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 1988 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.7 No.1

K 대학병원 서어비스에 대한 소비자 만족도

이태섭,박종원,이무식,윤능기,이충원,서석권 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.3

Authors administered a questionnaire to 300 clients visited to the K University Hospital during August in 1992 to investigate the degree and related factors of consumer's satisfaction with the hospital services. Clients consisted of 82 in-patients and 158 out-patients, 52.4 percent of them was male. Four dimensions of satisfaction were assessed which were medical management, administration, environment and attitude. In-patients reported as dissatisfied with the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy (64.7%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and their guardians(48.8%) and provision of conveniency facilities in the ward(42.4%), unsanitary state of out- and in-hospital(41.5%). Out-patients reported dissatisfaction with the course of medical management and the time needed(70.3%), the waiting time during receipt, investigative medical procedures and pharmacy(68.3%), lack of conveniency facilities for patients and guardians(42.4%). But both in-patients and out-patients were satisfied with medical equipments, doctor's diagnosis reliability and medical effects, technician's attitude more than 50%. Canonical correlation analysis was done to find related sociodemographic factors to the four dimensions of satisfaction. Of the four canonical functions, the first was only statistically significant in in-patients. Its eigen value was 0.56 and its canonical correlation coefficient was 0.60. Satisfaction with environment and medical management was selected as important concept in dependent variables. Standardized canonical function of environment and medical management were 0.76 and 0.35 respectively. It was related with woman with high educational attainment and increasing number of hospital visits. In out-patients, the first, second and third function were statistically significant and their eigen values were 0.18, 0.4, 0.08 respectively which were small compared to those of in-patients. Their canonical correlation coefficient were 0.40, 0.35, 0.28 respectively. Low degree of environment but high degree of medical management satisfaction was noted in the first function which was related with old age, woman and professional occupation. Low degree of satisfaction with administration(second function) was related with city resident, non-professional occupation and young age. High degree of medical management but low degree of administration satisfaction(third function) was related with surgical visitor, man and non-professional occupation. The direction of hospital managerial strategies could be planned and general characteristics of dissatisfactory clients might be suggested with these results.

중금속 킬레이트 약의 만성 Cadmium 중독 흰쥐의 간장과 신장에서의 Cadmium 잔류량에 미치는 영향

이석호,서대규,신인철 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1993 環境科學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

중금속은 다른 물질과는 달리 체내에서는 생성되지도 파괴되지도 않으며 환경오염에 의해 공기, 물, 모양으로 침투되고 음식물에 혼입되기도 한다. 대부분의 중금속은 지질학적, 생물학적인 순환을 통해 자연적으로 재분포되며, 특히 납, 수은 및 cadmium(Cd)등은 과거에는 자연적인 순환이 생물학적인 순환을 능가해 왔지만 근대산업화 사회가 도래하면서 인간활동에 의한 생물학적인 순환이 급속도로 증가하면서 환경오염이 시작되었다. 본 실험은 Cd 투여로 유발되는 실험적 Cd 중독 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성흰쥐에서의 중금속 킬레이트 약 투여가 간장과 신장에서의 Cd 잔류량에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 시도하였다. 실험동물은 동일환경하에서 사육된 체중 200∼250mg의 Sprague-Dawley계 웅성흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 실험적 Cd 중독은 CdCl₂ (Signa사)의 1mg/ml의 생리식염수 용액을 사용하여 체중 kg당 1.5mg의 용량을 48시간 간격으로 3회 복강내 주사하여 유발시켰으며 1주일 후부터 72시간 간격으로 10회에 걸쳐 킬레이트 약을 복강내로 주사하였다. 적용한 킬레이트 약과 그 용량은 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetate(CDTA), disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate(DTPA), , triethylenetetraaminehexaacetate(TTHA), D-penicillamine(DPA), N-acetylpenicillamine(NAPA), 2,3-dimercaptopropanol(BAL), sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate(DMPS), sodium 2,3-dimercaptosuccinate(DMSA) 및 sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC) 등은 각각 0.1mmol/kg(BAL은 0.1mmol/kg)이다. CDTA, EDTA, DTPA 및 TTHA 등은 CaCl₂ 와 1 : 1 mole 비율이고 실험군은 적용한 킬레이트 약 별로 흰쥐 5마리씩을 배정하였고, 동량의 생리식염수를 주사한 군을 대조군으로 하였다. 킬레이트 약 주사 종료 3일 동물을 단두로 도살하여 개복한 후 간장과 신장을 적출하여 이들을 각각 0.1mg 씩 취하여 1.0ml의 질산과 1.0ml의 과염소산으로 전처리하여 조직추출액을 얻었고 이를 사용하여 polarized zeeman 원자분광흡광기(Atomic absorption spectrophotometer : Model Z-8100, Hitachi, Japan)로 조직내 중금속 잔류량을 flame 법으로 측정하였다. 간장에서의 Cd 잔류량을 DPA, EDTA, NAPA, DCTA, DDTC 및 DMSA 투여군에서 대조군보다 각각 32%, 23%, 19%, 17%, 16% 및 15%씩 감소하였고, 신장에서의 Cd잔류량은 DPA, DDTC, CDTA 및 EDTA 투여군에서 대조군보다 각각 33%, 21%, 18% 및 17% 씩 감소하였으며, 간장과 신장에서의 Cd 잔류량의 합계는 DPA, EDTA, DDTC 및 CDTA투여군 에서 대조군보다 각각 32%, 20%, 18% 및 17%씩 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 여러가지 킬레이트 약 중 DPA, EDTA, CDTA 및 DDTC 등은 Cd 중독의 치료에 이용될 가능성이 많으나, DTPA, TTHA, BAL 및 DMPS 등은 Cd 중독에 치료에 큰 효과가 없는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 기존의 실험들과 다른 결과가 나온 DTPA, TTHA, BAL 및 DMPS 등에 대해서는 더욱 깊은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. Sprague-Dawley albino male rats weighing 200 to 250gm were used. All animals were loaded with 3 intraperitoneal injections of cadmium chloride(1.5mg/kg) given at 48 hourly interval. Intraperitoneal injection of chelators commenced 1 week after the last loading injection and continued every 72 hour for a total of 10 injections. Chelators were given at a level of lmmol/kg(except, 0.01mmol/kg of BAL). The chelators used in present experiment are 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetate(DCTA), disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetate(DTPA), triethylenetetramine hexaacetate(TTHA), D-penicillamine(DPA), N-acetylpenicilllamine(NAPA), 2,3-dimercaptopropanol(BAL), sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonate(DMPS), sodium 2,3-dimercaptosuccinate(DMSA) , sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC). In order to establish the relative abilities of chelators to mobilized liver and kidney cadmium contents, at the end of the experiment the rats were sacrified and the livers and kidneys were immediately excised. A sample of approximately 0.1mg of tissue was digested in 1.0ml of nitric acid, followed by 1.0ml of perchloric acid, and the cadmium content of the samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result obtained can be summarized as follow : 1. The residual liver cadmium content was reduced in rats administered DPA. EDTA, NAPA, CDTA, DDTC and DMSA(32%, 23%, 19%, 17%, 16% and 15% respectively)compared to control group. 2. The residual kidney cadmium content was reduced in rats administered DPA, DDTC, CDTA and EDTA(33%. 21%, 18% and 17% respectively) compared to control group. 3. The summation of residual cadmium content in liver and kidney was reduced in rats administered DPA, EDTA, DDTC and CDTA(33%, 20%, 18% and 17% respectively) compared to control group. These results suggested that DPA, EDTA, CDTA and DDTC might have protective role against the toxic effects of cadmium.

韓國産 草烏屬 植物의 生藥學的 硏究 (第2報) : 싹눈바꽃 및 개싹눈바꽃에 관하여 On the Aconitum proliferum NAKAI and Aconitum pseudoproliferum NAKAI

朴鍾喜,金泰洙,徐錫洙 부산대학교 신약개발연구소 1988 藥學硏究誌 Vol.22 No.1

n-CdS_(0.46)Se_(0.54)/p-Cu_92-x)S_(0.46)Se_(0.54) 이종접합 태양전지의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

유상하,최승평,이상열,홍광준,서상석,김혜숙,전승룡,윤은희,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

승화방법에 의해 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 성장하여 결정구조를 조사하고, Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall effect를 측정하여 carrier density의 온도 의존성과 mobility의 온도 의존성을 조사하였다. 성장된 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 치환반응하여 n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. Spectral response, 전류-전압특성 및 전력변환 효율을 조사하여 그 결과로부터 개방전압은 0.48V, 단락 전류 밀도는 21mA/㎠, fill factor와 전력변환효율은 각각 0.75와 9.5%를 얻었다. CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells on n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-U characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-cricuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells under 80mW/㎠ illumination were found to be 0.48V, 21mA/㎠, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.

Measurement of Dose Distribution in Small Fields of NEC LINAC 6 MVX Using Films and Tissue Equivalent Phantoms

Suh, Tae-Suk,Park, Dong-Rak,Choe, Bo-Young,Yoon, Sei-Chul,Jang, Hong-Seok,Park, Il-Bong,Kim, Moon-Chan,Bahk, Yong-Whee,Shin, Kyung-Sub Korean Society of Medical Physics 1993 의학물리 Vol.4 No.2

본 논문의 목적의 NEC LINAC 6 MVX 선의 소조사면에 대한 선량분포를 복잡한 물팬톰 및 ion chamber대신 film 및 고체 물팬톰을 이용하여 간단히 측정하고 분석하는 시스템을 개발하는 데 있다. 단일 선속측정을 위하여 필름과 고체 물팬톰이 이용되었으며, 측정된 데이타는 percent depth dose (PDD), off-axis ratio (OAR) 등을 포함하며, 한변이 1, 2, 3cm의 정사각형 소조사면에 대하여 측정이 이루어 졌다. 또한 Output factor측정은 ion chamber로 측정되었으며, 필름에 의하여 측정된 PDD, OAR 등은 ion chamber측정기로 측정된 값과 비교 검토되었다. 필름으로 부터 측정된 PDD값으로 부터 환산식을 이용하여 tissue maximum ratio (TMR) 값을 얻었으며, 본 실험에서 얻어진 TMR, OAR 값들은 같은 에너지를 나타내는 Philips LINAC의 선량 데이타와 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 고체 물팬톰 및 필름을 이용한 소조사면 측정은 간편하고도 유용한 방법이었으며, 특히, 자체 개발된 필름팬톰은 뇌정위적 방사선 수술을 위한 OAR 선량을 측정하는 데 유용하였다. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple system to measure dose distribution in small fields of NEC LINAC 6 MVX using film and solid water instead of ion chamber and water phantom. Specific quantities measured include percent depth dose (PDD), off-axis ratio (OAR). We produced square fields of 1 to 3cm in perimeter in 1cm steps measured at SAD of 80cm. The PDD and OAR measured by film was compared with measurement made with ion chamber. We calculated the TMR from the basic PDD data using the conversion formula. The trends of our measured beam data and philips LINAC are similar each other. The measurement for the small field using film and solid water was simple. Hand-made film phantom was especially useful to measure OARs for the stereotactic radiosurgery.

Prediction of aggressiveness in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma for selection of surgical treatment

Suk-Won Suh,Kwang-Woong Lee,Jeong-Moo Lee,Tae You,Youngrok Choi,Nam-Joon Yi,Kyung-Suk Suh 대한외과학회 2013 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.5

Measurement of Dose Distribution in Small Beams of Philips 6 and 8 MVX Linear Accelerator

Tae-suk Suh(서태석) , Sei Chul Yoon(윤세철) Kyung Sub Shinn(신경섭),Yong Whee Bank(박용휘) 대한방사선종양학회 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.1

본 논문에서는 소조사면에 대한 X-선의 선량분포를 일반실험식으로 계산될 수 있도록 beam 측정 데이터를 종합 처리하는 방법에 대하여 기술하고 있다. Beam 데이터는 philips LINAC 6MV, 8MV X-ray에 대하여 측정 되었으며, 측정된 요소는 tissue maximum ratio (TMR), off-axis-ratio (OAR), 그리고 relative output factor (ROF)를 포함한다. 소조사면에 의한 방사선 치료를 위하여 isocenter에서 지름이 1 내지 3cm 되도록 실린더 형태의 특수 collimator가 2mm 간격으로 제작되었다. 본 측정을 위하여 다이오드 detector가 이용되었으며 Film 및 TLD 측정기로 측정된 값과 비교검토 되었다. 제한된 조사면으로 측정딘 TMR, OAR data로부터 beam 데이터를 나타내는 실험식을 유도하였으며 이 실험식은 임의의 set-up조건에 따른 측정값을 예상할 수 있는 일반 실험식으로 확장되었고 측정된 TMR과 OAR값들은 잘 일치되었다. The work suggested in this paper addresses a method for collecting beam data for small circular fields. Beam data were obtained from philips 6 and 8 MV LINAC at Dept. Radiation Therapy at Gainesville Incorporated and Shands Teaching Hospital. Specific quantities measured include tissue maximum ratio (TMR), off-axis ratio (OAR) and relative output factor (ROF). In small field irradiation, special collimators were used to prouce circular fields of 1 cm to 3 cm diameter in 2 mm steps, measured at SAD (soura axis distance) of 100 cm. Diode detector was chosen for primary beam measurement and compared with measurements made with photogra-phic film and TLD dosimeters. The measured TMRs and OARs were formulated from limited measurements to generate basic beam data for reference set-up. The empirical formula were later, extended and generalized for any possible set-up using the trends of fitting parameters. The measured TMRs and OARs were well represented by the fitting formula developed.

Comparison of Image Quality of the Amorphous Silicon DR System and the Film-screen Systems

Suh,Tae-Suk,Youn,Je-Woong,Choe,Bo-Young,Shin,Kyung-Sub,Kim,Hong-Kwon,Han,Yong-Woo,Lee,Hyoung-Koo,Mun,In k.,Nam,Seung-Bae 대한방사선 방어학회 2000 방사선방어학회지 Vol.24 No.3

비정질 실리콘 방사선 촬영기와 기존 X-ray filmrh과의 영상질 비교를 통하여 시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 다양한 영상질 평가를 위하여 MTF (Modulation Transfer Function), NPS(Noise Power Spectrum), Contrast를 측정하여 계산하였다. 실험결과 DR과 MTF 는 기존 film-screen system과 유사하였다. Noise 특성은 두 시스템 모두 quantum noise가 주를 이뤘으며, 특히 DR에서는 기존 film-screen 시스템보다 높은 대조도를 보였다. 이와 같이 DR에서는 기존 ilm-screen 시스템고 유사한 해상도와 영상처리를 통해 같은 촬영조건에서도 향상된 대조도의 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 의학적 활용과 관련된 DR시스템의 성능에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있으리라 기대한다. System performances in terms of image quality between an amorphous silicon DR system and a conventional film-screen system were evaluated. Various aspects of image quality MTF (modulation transfer function), NPS(noise power spectrum), SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) and contrast were measured and calculated. The MTF of the DR system was comparable to the film-screen systems. The noise was mainly dominated by the quantum mottle in both systems and the electronic noise was found in the DR system. The contrast of the DR system was better than the film-screensystems by virtue of high sensitivityh and image processing. Compared to the film-screen systems in general radiography, the DR system had similar resolution and showed better contrast with the same exposure condition after contrast manipulation. The results of this study provide some useful information about the performance of the DR system in connection with medical applications.

Fast Approximate Dose Model Used in Arc Therapy

Tae-Suk Suh,Doug Young Suh 대한방사선방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.4