The Association of Quantitative Facial Color Features with Cold Pattern in Traditional East Asian Medicine

Mun, Sujeong,Ahn, Ilkoo,Lee, Siwoo Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P> Facial diagnosis is a major component of the diagnostic method in traditional East Asian medicine. We investigated the association of quantitative facial color features with cold pattern using a fully automated facial color parameterization system.</P><P><B> Methods</B></P><P> The facial color parameters of 64 participants were obtained from digital photographs using an automatic color correction and color parameter calculation system. Cold pattern severity was evaluated using a questionnaire.</P><P><B> Results</B></P><P> The <I>a</I><SUP>⁎</SUP> values of the whole face, lower cheek, and chin were negatively associated with cold pattern score (CPS) (whole face: <I>B</I> = −1.048, <I>P</I> = 0.021; lower cheek: <I>B</I> = −0.494, <I>P</I> = 0.007; chin: <I>B</I> = −0.640, <I>P</I> = 0.031), while <I>b</I><SUP>⁎</SUP> value of the lower cheek was positively associated with CPS (<I>B</I> = 0.234, <I>P</I> = 0.019). The <I>a</I><SUP>⁎</SUP> values of the whole face were significantly correlated with specific cold pattern symptoms including cold abdomen (partial <I>ρ</I> = −0.354, <I>P</I> < 0.01) and cold sensation in the body (partial <I>ρ</I> = −0.255, <I>P</I> < 0.05).</P><P><B> Conclusions</B></P><P><I>a</I><SUP>⁎</SUP> values of the whole face were negatively associated with CPS, indicating that individuals with increased levels of cold pattern had paler faces. These findings suggest that objective facial diagnosis has utility for pattern identification.</P>

Classification of Muscles into Meridian Sinew

Sujeong Mun,Sungha Kim,EunKyungBae,Jeong Hwan Park,Sanghun Lee 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Effect of Traditional East Asian Medicinal herbal tea (HT002) on insomnia: a randomized controlled pilot study

Sujeong Mun,Siwoo Lee,Kihyun Park,이상재,Byung-Hee Koh,Younghwa Baek 한국한의학연구원 2019 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.8 No.1

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine treatment for insomnia has been sought due to the possible adverse effects of conventional pharmacotherapies. We performed a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of using, and of the effect of a herbal tea (HT002), based on Traditional East Asian Medicine, in mild-to-moderate insomnia. Methods: Patients (n = 40) with mild-to-moderate insomnia were randomized to the HT002 (n = 20) or waitlist (n = 20) groups. The HT002 group consumed HT002 twice daily for 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results: The ISI score differences from baseline at weeks 4 and 8 were significantly greater in the HT002 than that in the waitlist group (week 4: −4.0 ± 0.8 vs. −0.4 ± 0.8, p < 0.05; week 8: −4.8 ± 0.7 vs. −0.9 ± 0.7, p < 0.05). Changes in PSQI and SF-12 physical component scores in the HT002 group were significantly greater at weeks 4 and 8 (p < 0.05), while SF-12 mental component scores were only significantly larger at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). HT002 was well-tolerated, with only one (5.0%) dropout, and no significant mean liver and renal function test changes post-treatment. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that a 4-week treatment with HT002 may reduce the severity of insomnia symptoms and improve the quality of life. Further studies devoid of the limitations of our protocol may provide stronger conclusions. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0001900.

Cold and Spleen-Qi Deficiency Patterns in Korean Medicine Are Associated with Low Resting Metabolic Rate

Mun, Sujeong,Kim, Sujung,Bae, Kwang-Ho,Lee, Siwoo Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-

<P><I>Background.</I> Korean medicine (KM) patterns such as cold, heat, deficiency, and excess patterns have been associated with alterations of resting metabolic rate (RMR). However, the association of KM patterns with accurately measured body metabolic rate has not been investigated.<I> Methods.</I> Data on cold (CP), heat (HP), spleen-qi deficiency (SQDP), and kidney deficiency (KDP) patterns were extracted by a factor analysis of symptoms experienced by 954 participants. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between KM patterns and RMR measured by an indirect calorimeter.<I> Results.</I> The CP and SQDP scores were higher and the HP score was lower in women. The HP and SQDP scores decreased with age, while KDP scores increased with age. A multiple regression analysis revealed that CP and SQDP scores were negatively associated with RMR independently of gender and age, and the CP remained significantly and negatively associated with RMR even after adjustment for fat-free mass.<I> Conclusions.</I> The underlying pathology of CP and SQDP might be associated with the body's metabolic rate. Further studies are needed to investigate the usefulness of RMR measurement in pattern identification and the association of CP and SQDP with metabolic disorders.</P>

A novel strategy to develop non-noble metal catalyst for CO₂ electroreduction: Hybridization of metal-organic polymer

Mun, Yeongdong,Kim, Kyeounghak,Kim, Seongbeen,Lee, Seunghyun,Lee, Seonggyu,Kim, Sujeong,Choi, Wonyong,Kim, Soo-kil,Han, Jeong Woo,Lee, Jinwoo Elsevier 2018 Applied Catalysis B Vol.236 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Electrochemical CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction reaction (CO<SUB>2</SUB>RR) has attracted a lot of interest as a highly potential CO<SUB>2</SUB> utilization system. Due to the high overpotential in CO<SUB>2</SUB>RR, an effective catalyst is required. We report a metal-organic hybrid catalyst (Co-PPy-C), which consists of Co and polypyrrole, as a highly active electrocatalyst for CO<SUB>2</SUB>RR. Co-PPy-C exhibited high Faradaic efficiency and metal mass activity for CO production at low overpotential region. By density functional theory calculations, it was revealed that the catalytic site is the Co surface on which the deprotonated pyrrolic functionality in polypyrrole is adsorbed, and that the facile production of CO from CO<SUB>2</SUB> is due to the CO adsorption on the Co being weakened by the charge transfer from the Co surface to the polypyrrole. This work reports a new and active non-noble metal catalyst for CO<SUB>2</SUB>RR, and provides the strategy of hybridization of metal and organic material to modify or enhance the catalytic activity of metal for CO<SUB>2</SUB>RR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A hybrid catalyst of Co and polypyrrole converted CO<SUB>2</SUB> to CO electrochemically. </LI> <LI> Polypyrrole weakened the CO adsorption on the Co surface by electron transfer. </LI> <LI> CO production was fast and highly selective in spite of the non-nobility of Co. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Selective charge transfer to dioxygen on KPF₆-modified carbon nitride for photocatalytic synthesis of H₂O₂ under visible light

Kim, Sujeong,Moon, Gun-hee,Kim, Hyejin,Mun, Yeongdong,Zhang, Peng,Lee, Jinwoo,Choi, Wonyong Academic Press 2018 Journal of catalysis Vol.357 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Photochemical production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> through O<SUB>2</SUB> reduction has been proposed as an alternative method of solar energy storage. A carbon nitride (CN) photocatalyst was selected for this purpose. The incorporation of KPF<SUB>6</SUB> into the CN structure greatly enhanced the apparent quantum yield (AQY) of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production in the UV and visible light region. The AQY of KPF<SUB>6</SUB>-modified CN was measured to be 35.9% and 24.3% under monochromatic irradiation at 370 and 420 nm, respectively, which are 8.3 and 26.1 times higher than for bare CN. The KPF<SUB>6</SUB>-enhanced activity is ascribed to several factors including (i) enhanced absorption of UV and visible light, (ii) higher charge carrier density, (iii) retarded radiative recombination of charge pairs, (iv) highly selective two-electron transfer to O<SUB>2</SUB>, and (v) hindered photodecomposition of in-situ generated H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. The markedly high selectivity of KPF<SUB>6</SUB>-modified CN toward the two-electron reduction of O<SUB>2</SUB> (leading to H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) was demonstrated in comparision with other photoreductive conversions such as the reduction of polyoxometalate (POM → POM<SUP>−</SUP>), hexavalent chromium (Cr<SUP>VI</SUP> → Cr<SUP>III</SUP>), CCl<SUB>4</SUB> (dechlorination), and protons (H<SUB>2</SUB> production). This study developed a simple method of efficient production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> using visible light, which could be utilized for a variety of applications that employ H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> as a solar fuel or a green oxidant.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The photocatalytic production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was markedly enhanced by the incorporation of KPF<SUB>6</SUB> into the carbon nitride (CN) structure. </LI> <LI> The highest quantum yields of the production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> were achieved using KPF<SUB>6</SUB>-modified CN (35.9% and 24.3% at 370 and 420 nm, respectively). </LI> <LI> KPF<SUB>6</SUB>-modified CN exhibited markedly high selectivity for two-electron reduction of O<SUB>2</SUB> to produce H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The present catalytic system consisting of earth-abundant elements utilizes only visible light and dioxygen without using any noble metal catalysts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Three-Component Herbal Tea Alleviates Prolonged Fatigue and Improves Sleep Quality: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Baek, Younghwa,Kim, Hoseok,Mun, Sujeong,Lee, Siwoo Elsevier 2018 Explore Vol.14 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Prolonged fatigue is common among adults, yet only a small percentage of affected individuals seek medical attention. Following findings that complementary and alternative medicine can be effective strategies for improving fatigue, we evaluated the effect of an herbal tea regimen on prolonged fatigue.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In this pilot randomized controlled trial, participants with prolonged fatigue were randomly allocated to either a tea (<I>n</I> = 20) or control (<I>n</I> = 20) group. The tea group consumed herbal tea consisting of Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, and Zizyphi Fructus twice daily for 4 weeks, whereas the control group received no intervention. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks. The primary outcome was fatigue severity, measured using the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, depression symptoms, and quality of life.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Among the 40 individuals screened, 35 completed the study. Fatigue severity was significantly lower in the tea group than the control group at 4 weeks, and within the tea group, fatigue severity and sleep quality improved at the 4- and 8-week follow-ups vs. baseline in the tea group. Depression also significantly improved in the tea group at 8 weeks. There were no changes within the control group on any measure.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The findings suggest that our herbal tea formulation reduces fatigue severity and improves sleep quality in adults with prolonged fatigue.</P>

Development of standard procedures for preserving mind-body techniques using Motion capture

Eun Kyung Bae,Bokyung Yim,Sujeong Mun,Jeong Hwan Park,Sungha Kim,Sanghun Lee 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.- No.-

인터넷 상에서 사용되는 미병의 개념 및 사용자 분석 - 네이버 지식-iN과 카페를 중심으로 -

김선민,이시우,문수정,Kim, Sunmin,Lee, Siwoo,Mun, Sujeong 대한예방한의학회 2017 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : Although interest in preventive medicine has increased recently, "Mibyeong", the preventive concept of Korean medicine, is still unfamiliar to the general public. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the concept of Mibyeong and users used on the Internet. Methods : Naver (www.naver.com), which has the highest ranking in terms of market share, number of visitors, search time share, and community category share, has been selected as a search target and jisik-iN Q&A and posts of cafe about Mibyeong were searched for recently approximately 6 years. Results : 105 cases of Jisik-iN Q&A and 283 cases of cafe posts were searched. Overall, the number of Jisik-iN Q&A and cafe posts's Mibyeong term usage was the highest in 2013. In the Internet user category, Mibyeong Term was used most commonly in the Jisik-iN Q&A by Korean medicine related medical personnel (29 cases, 28%) and in the cafe other health-related workers (87cases, 31%). In Mibyeong related cafe classification, Information Exchange (220 cases, 77%) was the most frequent and besides 39 cases (14%) used in Operation of Medical Institutions. And the concept of Mibyeong was often used as symptom-based rather than diagnostic test or disease (Cafe posts 52%, Jisik-iN Q&A 70%), in particular, topic of Mibyeong related Jisik-iN Q&A was used in the order of pain (31 cases, 16%), cancer (17 cases, 9%), fatigue (11 cases, 6%). Conclusions : This study has significance as basic research data of general Internet user group and can be used as fundamental data for awareness promotion, publicity and necessity of Mibyeong.

인터넷 신문기사로 본 민간요법 유해사례의 위험성

박정환(Jeong Hwan Park),문수정(Sujeong Mun),김성하(Sungha Kim),배은경(Eun Kyung Bae),이상훈(Sanghun Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

민간요법 유해사례란 예로부터 민간에 전해 내려오는 질병 치료법인 민간요법 사용 중에 발생되는 바람직하지 않거나 의도되지 않은 모든 불편감이다. 본 연구는 인터넷 뉴스기사를 통해 민간요법 유해사례의 형태와 위험성을 분석하고자 하였다. 인터넷트렌드(www.internettrend.co.kr)의 웹사이트 분석평가에 의한 점유율 상위 3개 포털 사이트인 네이버(NAVER), 다음(DAUM), 네이트(NATE)를 검색 대상으로 선정하여 최근 5년간(2009년 1월 1일부터 2014년 2월 28일까지) 민간요법 유해사례의 신문기사를 검색하였다. 총 973건의 신문기사가 검색되었고 18건이 포함기준에 만족되었다. 유해사례를 경험한 사람은 총 27명으로 연령은 4개월부터 76세까지이고, 남녀 모두에게 발생하였다. 2회 이상 반복적인 유해사례를 일으킨 민간요법으로는 독성 약재인 봉삼 또는 초오를 재료로 사용하여 복용한 요법, 피부에 외용하는 식초요법, 시술자에 의한 벌침 또는 부항요법이었다. 중대한 유해사례로서 사망이 11명이 있었으며 자신이 직접 복용한 1명을 제외하고는 모두 의료인이 아닌 무자격자의 시술에 의한 사망이었다. 국내에서 대중적인 민간요법은 인터넷 상에서 정보가 활발히 상호 교류되며 전문 의료인의 지도 없이 오, 남용되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 국민의 보건의료측면에서 국가나 의료계가 민간요법 유해사례에 대한 위험성 홍보 및 올바른 건강정보 제공 계획을 세우고 나아가 유해사례를 보고 및 감시하는 체계도 확립해야 할 필요성이 있음을 지적하는 바이다. Folk medicine is traditionally passed down to cure disease, and adverse events (AEs) of folk medicine are any unfavorable and unintended discomforts temporally associated with the use of folk medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze AEs types and risks of folk medicine through the internet news articles. Included in this analysis are all articles on the topic of folk medicine and AE reported in the top 3 online news websites (NAVER, DAUM and NATE) determined by InternetTrendTM(www.internettrend.co.kr). It was searched in the last five years (between 1 January 2009 and 28 February 2014). In total, 18 AEs articles of 973 news articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 27 people were experienced AEs associated with use of folk medicine. Age was from 4 months to 76 years old, and it was occurred in both men and women. Folk medicine that caused AEs in twice or more was therapy that patient taking the dictamnus or aconitum of toxic herbal medicines, vinegar therapy of external use to topical skin, and cupping or bee sting therapy by practitioners. Death as a kind of serious AEs was 11 people, and 10 people were died after treatment by unqualified practitioner. Folk medicine that is popular and widely used in Korea is actively interacted with information on the internet, so it apt to misuse and abuse without guidance of health professionals. Aspects of health care system, we point out that the need for government and medical society establish not only correct health information plan and promotion of risk but also system as reporting and monitoring of AEs by folk medicine.