Strategic Overlays in the Indo-Pacific: Implications for South Asia

Arhama Siddiqa,Ali Haider Saleem 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.6 No.1

The vast Indo-Pacific region presents countless opportunities being home to many of the world’s most innovative economies as well as a manufacturing heavyweight which occupies an indispensable role in the international global supply chains. In the last decade, strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific has become a critical US national security issue and, in the backdrop of COVID-19 increasing pressure on the global order, it will remain so for the foreseeable future. China, currently the secondlargest economy globally, is on track to overtake the US by 2030 to become the world’s largest economy. The rise of China as the potential challenger to the US-led Western dominance has signaled the return of great power competition in the international order. Despite the absence of an official Indo-Pacific strategy, there is much that can already be discerned about the Biden administration s approach to the region. Case in point being the formation of AUKUS in September 2021 between the US, UK and Australia. The essence of the strategic competition between China and the US in the Indo-Pacific region is focused on the US’s attempts to decouple from China to deny it easy access to critical technologies and markets. On the other hand, through its multi-billion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China is working to dominate Eurasia and the Asia- Pacific to create a Sino-centric global economic order. This article will analyze the recent increase in strategic competition between the US and China in the Indo-Pacific region through the lens of neo-realism. It will also outline the US’s Indo Pacific Policy as well as China’s response. It will then assess the impact of the Sino-US rivalry in the Indi-Pacific region on South Asia.

Scalable and Optimal Clustering Scheme for Cell Free mMIMO in VANETs

Ayesha Siddiqa,Bomi Jeong,Junho Seo,Farkhod Yusubov,Dongkyun Kim 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

Direction- based packet forwarding protocol in Vehicular Content Centric Network

Ayesha Siddiqa,Muhammad Ashar Tariq,Abdueli Paulo Mdee,Huang Yufeng,DongKyun Kim 한국정보과학회 2021 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

A Comparative Analysis on Machine Learning based Intelligent Forwarding Schemes in VNDN

Ayesha Siddiqa,Muhammad Toaha Raza Khan,Md.Mahmudul Islam,Muhammad Ashar Tariq,Malik Muhammad Saad,Dongkyun Kim 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Vehicular named data networks (VNDN) schemes use predefined routing information for communication rather than dynamic network information. Therefore, the researchers encourage to integrate the machine learning (ML) algorithms in VNDN for intelligent communication. In this paper, we have discussed the machine learning (ML) based vehicular named data network (VNDN) schemes for intelligent packet forwarding in highly dynamic topology. We have discussed the intelligent ML-VNDN forwarding schemes which take dynamic network information for interest/data forwarding to increase communication efficiency. Moreover, this article explains the comparative analysis between naïve VNDN schemes and ML-based NDN schemes, also discussed their future directions.

Biomonitoring of Toxic Effects of Pesticides in Occupationally Exposed Individuals

Arshad, Muhammad,Siddiqa, Maryam,Rashid, Saddaf,Hashmi, Imran,Awan, Muhammad Ali,Ali, Muhammad Arif Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.2

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

Design of dispersant structures for preparing highly concentrated one-dimensional inorganic molecular chains from V₂Se₉ crystals

Chae, Sudong,Siddiqa, Akhtar J.,Kim, Bum Jun,Oh, Seungbae,Choi, Kyung Hwan,Kim, Hyo Yeol,Lee, Keun Ho,Yu, Hak Ki,Choi, Jae-Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Chemical communications Vol.54 No.86

<P>We studied dispersants for exfoliating bulk V2Se9 into one dimensional chain units. V2Se9, with a negative zeta potential of −30.1 mV, was acidic and strongly anchored with the amine head of octadecylamine by charge transfer reaction. The steric hindrance by the octadecyl tail promoted the dispersion of V2Se9 to the nano level.</P>

Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output challenges and opportunities: A survey

Ajmal Mahnoor,Siddiqa Ayesha,Jeong Bomi,Seo Junho,Kim Dongkyun 한국통신학회 2024 ICT Express Vol.10 No.1

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system is a state-of-the-art emerging technology targeted towards beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication networks. This network pertains to a dense deployment of access points (APs) dispersed over a large geographical area to serve a small number of users at the same frequency and time resources. The CF-mMIMO architecture offers resilient connectivity, interference management, power efficiency, high throughput, and macrodiversity. Moreover, this communication technique eliminates cell boundaries and facilitates the users by introducing overlapping regions, thus providing consistent quality of service (QoS) throughout the region. However, the complexity of CF-mMIMO systems increases considerably when numerous APs are dispersed over a large geographical area. Therefore, several studies have been carried out to determine the optimal solution with minimum complexity of the CF-mMIMO system. Herein, a thorough investigation of the literature on the CF-mMIMO system is presented, considering all aspects from architecture to applications. The study provides a detailed survey of CF-mMIMO architecture, fronthaul, and backhaul, as well as the challenges associated with them; deployment methodologies and challenges for practical implementation of CF-mMIMO systems are also discussed. Furthermore, we reviewed the impact of transmitter and receiver antennae on the capacity of CF-mMIMO enabled with millimeter wave (mmWave). The numerical findings indicate that the higher degree of freedom required for spatial multiplexing allows multiantenna users to surpass single-antenna users in terms of capacity. This study holds significance owing to the thorough examination of the CF-mMIMO system model, channel estimation, scalability problems, working algorithms, communication protocol, deep learning-based solutions, linkage to B5G and 6G, and key challenges. Moreover, this study presents a detailed discussion and research survey on the system model, deployment issues, deep learning, and potential applications of the CF-mMIMO system.

Biomonitoring of Toxic Effects of Pesticides in Occupationally Exposed Individuals

Muhammad Arshad,Maryam Siddiqa,Saddaf Rashid,Imran Hashmi,Muhammad Ali Awan,Muhammad Arif Ali 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.2

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length (7.04 ㎛) than the controls (0.94 ㎛). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers’ attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

Efficacy of whip roller setting on physical attributes of denim fabric

Farial Islam Farha,Fahmida Siddiqa,Md. Rashedul Islam 한국의류학회 2017 Fashion and Textiles Vol.4 No.1

Whip roller settings in a weaving machine is one of the vital factor to adjust warp yarn tension properly as well as delivering fault free fabric. The present study was undertaken with an aim to explore the influence of whip roller settings on various physical and mechanical properties of both grey and finished 100% cotton denim fabric in order to select suitable position of whip roller for producing particular (3/1 twill) denim fabric. For this purpose total eight positions of whip roller were selected keeping constant depth with variable height in five cases and constant height with variable depth in three cases. The samples were produced in an air jet loom and some prominence like EPcm, PPcm, areal density, tensile strength, dimensional stability, air permeability, crimp% and skewness were checked. Data analysis of all the results showed that with the ascendance of whip roller, crimp% of warp yarn was decreased whereas crimp% of weft yarn was increased both in grey and finished state. Decreasing the depth of whip roller caused increment of both warp and weft crimp% in both state. Tensile strength in warp way direction was found to increase gradually up to a certain roller height and then decreased whereas air permeability showed reverse trend in both state. Warp density, Weft density as well as areal density was also affected by the alteration in settings of whip roller. Due to reduction of roller depth, warp way tensile strength and lengthwise shrinkage were reduced but air permeability had improved.

Highly concentrated single-chain atomic crystal LiMo₃Se₃ solution using ion-exchange chromatography

Chae, Sudong,Oh, Seungbae,Siddiqa, Akhtar J.,Choi, Kyung Hwan,Lee, Weon-Gyu,Jang, Woo-Sung,Lee, Joo Song,Kim, Young-Min,Huh, Joonsuk,Kim, Soo Min,Choi, Jae-Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Chemical communications Vol.54 No.88

<P>Ion-exchange chromatography can be used to effectively replace the lithium ion of LiMo3Se3 with a proton. The enlargement of the Stern layer distance caused by this ion exchange improves the dispersibility of (Mo3Se3<SUP>−</SUP>)∞ chains and also prevents the re-bundling and aggregation of nanowires in aqueous solutions, even at high concentrations (1 mg mL<SUP>−1</SUP>).</P>