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Strategic Overlays in the Indo-Pacific: Implications for South Asia
Arhama Siddiqa,Ali Haider Saleem 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.6 No.1
The vast Indo-Pacific region presents countless opportunities being home to many of the world’s most innovative economies as well as a manufacturing heavyweight which occupies an indispensable role in the international global supply chains. In the last decade, strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific has become a critical US national security issue and, in the backdrop of COVID-19 increasing pressure on the global order, it will remain so for the foreseeable future. China, currently the secondlargest economy globally, is on track to overtake the US by 2030 to become the world’s largest economy. The rise of China as the potential challenger to the US-led Western dominance has signaled the return of great power competition in the international order. Despite the absence of an official Indo-Pacific strategy, there is much that can already be discerned about the Biden administration s approach to the region. Case in point being the formation of AUKUS in September 2021 between the US, UK and Australia. The essence of the strategic competition between China and the US in the Indo-Pacific region is focused on the US’s attempts to decouple from China to deny it easy access to critical technologies and markets. On the other hand, through its multi-billion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China is working to dominate Eurasia and the Asia- Pacific to create a Sino-centric global economic order. This article will analyze the recent increase in strategic competition between the US and China in the Indo-Pacific region through the lens of neo-realism. It will also outline the US’s Indo Pacific Policy as well as China’s response. It will then assess the impact of the Sino-US rivalry in the Indi-Pacific region on South Asia.
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Mariyam,Muhammad Shafiq,Muhammad Haseeb,Rana Muhammad Atif,Syed Agha Armaghan Asad Abbas Naqvi,Numan Ali,Muhammad Arshad Javed,Fizza Gillani,Muhammad Saleem Haider 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.6
DNA binding with one fi nger (Dof) proteins are encoded by a ubiquitous plant-specifi c transcription factor gene family thatplays a critical role in various biological processes including fruit ripening and organogenesis. The wild olive ( Olea europaeavar. sylvestris v1.0 ) genome was used to identify Dof gene family members using a set of bioinformatics tools. Gene structure,chromosome locations, phylogeny, protein motifs, miRNA targets and tissue-specifi c expression patterns were analyzed. Here, we identifi ed 51 potential Dof genes unevenly distributed on all chromosomes and a few scaff olds. Dof proteins in oliveclustered into eight subgroups (D1, B2, C3, C2.2, C1, C2.1, B1, and A) based on the established Arabidopsis classifi cation. The prevalence of segmental duplication was observed as compared to tandem duplication, and this was the main factorunderlying the expansion of the Dof gene family in olive. Tissue-specifi c expression profi ling of Oeu Dof genes revealed thatthe majority of Oeu Dof genes were highly expressed in fl owers, stem and meristem tissues. In seed and meristem tissues,cis-regulatory element (CRE) analysis revealed the presence of elements that are specifi cally responsive to light, circadian,auxin, and ABA. In addition, a comparative analysis between Dof genes in olive and Arabidopsis revealed eight groups orsub-families, although the C3 group of Arabidopsis was not represented in olive. This extensive genome evaluation of theDof gene family in olive presents a reference for cloning and functional analysis of the members of this gene family.
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