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A 90-day Repeated-Dosed Toxicity Study of Euphorbiae kansui radix Extract in Fischer 344/N Rats
Zhong-Ze Han,Hu-Song Zhang,Ki-Hyun Gil,Joo-Young Lee,Kwang-Han Kong,Myoung-Kyu Han,Hyun-Ju Yang,Hak-Soo Kim,Do-Hyung Kim,Tae-Hwan Ahn,Jin-Sook Bae,Hyun-Kyu Ko,Jung-Woon Lee,Moon-Soon Kim,Si-Whan Song 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.4
This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose toxicities of Euphorbiae kansui radix extract in F344/N rats. Euphorbiae kansui radix extract was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 37, 111, 333, 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day. Each group consisted of 10 rats of each gender. The Euphorbiae Kansui, Radix extract was given once a day, 5 times a week, for 90 day repeatedly. This study was conducted in accordance with the Protocol of Korea National Toxicology Program (issued by National Institute of Toxicological Research) and The Standards of Toxicity Study for Medicinal Products (issued by Korea Food and Drug Administration). In the present study, there were no dose-related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weights, ophthalmoscopy, urine analysis, hematological findings, estrus cycle and sperm examination of all animals treated with Euphorbiae kansui radix extract. There were increases of liver weights in 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of males and in 333, 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of females. There were decreases of alkaline phosphatase levels in 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day groups of both sexes. These results suggest that the oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the test item, Euphorbiae kansui radix extract, in rats is 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day in both genders; no-observed-effect level (NOEL) is 1,000 ㎎/㎏/day in male and 111 ㎎/㎏/day in female. The target organs were thought to be liver and thymus.
Yan-Lin Yang,Meng Xue,Yijie Jia,Fang Hu,Zongji Zheng,Ling Wang,Ze-Kun Si,Yaoming Xue 생화학분자생물학회 2020 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.52 No.-
Klotho, an antiaging protein, has been shown to play a protective role in renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the progression of EMT in many diseases. However, the effect of Klotho on lncRNAs during the development of DKD is still unknown. In this study, we found that Klotho overexpression in high-fat diet (HFD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)- induced DKD mice significantly inhibited the expression of lncRNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (Neat1). We demonstrated that NEAT1 was significantly upregulated in both bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stimulated HK2 cells and mice with HFD- and STZ-induced diabetes. In addition, we observed that Klotho displays colocalization with NEAT1. Furthermore, overexpression of Klotho can inhibit the high expression of NEAT1 in BSA-stimulated HK2 cells, while silencing Klotho can further upregulate the expression of NEAT1. Silencing NEAT1 in HK2 cells resulted in inhibition of the EMT-related markers alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin (VIM) and the renal fibrosis-related markers transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The effect of NEAT1 on DKD was partly mediated by regulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Finally, we found that silencing NEAT1 can reverse the activation of EMT and fibrosis caused by Klotho silencing in a manner dependent on the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings reveal a new regulatory pathway by which Klotho regulates ERK1/2 signaling via NEAT1 to protect against EMT and renal fibrosis, suggesting that NEAT1 is a potential therapeutic target for DKD.
Guo-Hua Lv,Huan Chen,Wei-Chao Gu,Wen-Ran Feng,Li Li,Er-Wu Niu,Xian-Hui Zhang,Si-Ze Yang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3
In the present work, graphite grains of different sizes were added into the electrolyte to prepare ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the coatings. A three-electrode system was used to evaluate the corrosion performances of the coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. It was found that the morphology and corrosion performance of the coatings were significantly influenced by the size of the graphite grains. Compared with bigger graphite grains, finer ones were involved in the oxidation process and embedded within the ceramic coatings, which made the coatings less porous and more compact. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the coatings with embedded graphite grains was greatly improved. In the present work, graphite grains of different sizes were added into the electrolyte to prepare ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the coatings. A three-electrode system was used to evaluate the corrosion performances of the coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. It was found that the morphology and corrosion performance of the coatings were significantly influenced by the size of the graphite grains. Compared with bigger graphite grains, finer ones were involved in the oxidation process and embedded within the ceramic coatings, which made the coatings less porous and more compact. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the coatings with embedded graphite grains was greatly improved.
Investigation of plasma electrolytic oxidation process on AZ91D magnesium alloy
Guo-Hua Lv,Huan Chen,Li Li,Er-Wu Niu,Huan Pang,Bin Zou,Si-Ze Yang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1
Ceramic coatings oxidized for different time periods were prepared to characterize the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope and potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results show that the PEO coatings perform different growth behaviors at different PEO stages, and different morphologies are exhibited on α- and β-phase of Mg substrate. The corrosion resistance measurement predicates that within the first 30 min oxidation, coating oxidized for 20 min is the best corrosion resistant. Ceramic coatings oxidized for different time periods were prepared to characterize the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope and potentiodynamic polarization measurement. The results show that the PEO coatings perform different growth behaviors at different PEO stages, and different morphologies are exhibited on α- and β-phase of Mg substrate. The corrosion resistance measurement predicates that within the first 30 min oxidation, coating oxidized for 20 min is the best corrosion resistant.