A comparison of antioxidant activity of Korean White and Red Ginsengs on H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 hepatoma cells

Sohn, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Si-Kwan,Kim, Young-Ock,Kim, Hyung-Don,Shin, Yu-Su,Yang, Seung-Ok,Kim, Seung-Yu,Lee, Sang-Won The Korean Society of Ginseng 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.4

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the preventive effect of Korean White Ginseng and Red Ginseng on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells. The roots of ginseng were extracted with 70% methanol and partitioned with butanol to obtain saponin fractions, which have been known as bioactive constituents of ginseng. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured for evaluating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Also, mRNA expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed to determine the antioxidant activity of saponin or non-saponin fractions of ginsengs. According to DCF-DA assay, $H_2O_2$-induced MDA release and ROS generation were significantly reduced by treatment with saponin fractions of white and red ginseng roots. Also, saponin fractions increased effectively intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 hepatoma cells. In general, red ginseng was more effective than white ginseng for reducing oxidative stress. These results indicate that administration of red ginseng may certainly contribute relatively stronger than white ginseng to prevent from damaging liver function by oxidative stress.

초전도 전력케이블의 교류손설 측정

황시돌(Si Dole Hwang),현옥배(Ok Bae Hyun),손송호(Song Ho Sohn),최형식(Hyung Sik Choi) 대한전기학회 2005 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.7

Poster Session : PS 0980 ; Study of an Elevated Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Asymptomatic Patients

( Se Hoon Sohn ),( Kyeong Ok Kim ),( Kook Hyun Kim ),( Si Hyung Lee ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: CA19-9 has been established as a useful tumor marker for gastrointestinal cancer. However interpretation of elevated CA19-9 is diffi cult because it could be also noted in many benign diseases. We aimed to evaluate the etiology and clinical outcome of elevated CA19-9 levels in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2013, total 734 subjects with elevated CA19-9 level (>37 U/mL) from 63867 subjects, who underwent an examination at the health promotion center in our institution were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Mean age of the patients was 50.62 (±13.27) years and male to female ratio was 1:1.3. Mean level of CA 19-9 was 155.33 (±1624.54) U/ml. Malignancy was detected in 36 cases (4.9%). There were 9 cases of pancreatic cancer, 9 cases of hapatobiliary cancer and 13 cases of other gastrointestinal cancer. Benign diseases included 56 cases of gallbladder or biliary stone, 32 cases of GB polyp and 17 cases of hypothyroidism. The mean CA19-9 level of patients with cancer was 717 (±1449) U/mL and 126.3 (±1629) U/ml for other cases. Factors related to cancer were age above 65 and increased ALP level above 270 IU/L. In 455 subjects (60.6%), the etiology could not be confi rmed and among them, 128 subjects could be followed up. Among subjects who were followed up, 55.5% subjects showed increased CA 19-9 level continuously while the other 44.5% subjects showed normalization. Conclusions: Our result showed that 698 (95.1%) asymptomatic subjects with increase CA 19-9 were not associated with malignancy and 455 (65.2%) of them were with unknown cause. Normalization was noted in 44.5% of the unknown cause. Increased ALP level and older age were related to malignancy and we need to evaluate more meticulously to fi nd out hidden malignancy in subjects with these factors.

A comparison of antioxidant activity of Korean White and Red Ginsengs on H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 hepatoma cells

Sang-Hyun Sohn,Si-Kwan Kim,Young-Ock Kim,Hyung-Don Kim,Yu-Su Shin,Seung-Ok Yang,Seung-Yu Kim,Sang-Won Lee 고려인삼학회 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.4

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the preventive effect of Korean White Ginseng and Red Ginseng on oxidative stress in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 cells. The roots of ginseng were extracted with 70% methanol and partitioned with butanol to obtain saponin fractions, which have been known as bioactive constituents of ginseng. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured for evaluating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Also, mRNA expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed to determine the antioxidant activity of saponin or non-saponin fractions of ginsengs. According to DCF-DA assay, H₂O₂-induced MDA release and ROS generation were significantly reduced by treatment with saponin fractions of white and red ginseng roots. Also, saponin fractions increased effectively intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in H₂O₂-treated HepG2 hepatoma cells. In general, red ginseng was more effective than white ginseng for reducing oxidative stress. These results indicate that administration of red ginseng may certainly contribute relatively stronger than white ginseng to prevent from damaging liver function by oxidative stress.

Poster Session : PS 0896 ; Lower GI Tract : The Predictors of Follow Up Loss of Visiting Clinics in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

( Jae Hyun Park ),( Kyeong Ok Kim ),( Se Hoon Sohn ),( Ho Chan Lee ),( Yo Han Jeong ),( Sung Bum Kim ),( Kook Hyun Kim ),( Si Hyung Lee ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: There were several studies about the predictors of compliance to IBD therapy. However, there were few studies about the predictors of follow up loss in IBD patients. Our aims were to find the predictors of follow up loss of visiting clinics in IBD patients. Methods: The medical record of 224 patients with IBD who were followed up between January 2010 and December 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Follow up loss was defined that patients didn`t visit clinics at least 6 months. Results: Among 224 patients with IBD, there were 94 patients with Crohn`s disease and 130 patients with ulcerative colitis. Mean follow up duration was 58.51 months. The follow up loss was noted in 32.1% of patients. The follow up loss rate in patients with CD and UC were 28.7% and 34.6 % respectively. Age, gender and disease severity index at the last visit before loss could not show any difference according to the status of follow up. Mean follow up loss duration was 17.72 months. All of the patients who followed up loss revisited clinics because of mainly disease aggravation. Lower Education status and C reactive protein also increased the risk for follow up loss by 2.13 and 1.81 times, respectively. By multivariate analysis, risk factors of follow up loss were C reactive protein level below 1.2mg/dL and lower educational status. Conclusions: Among 224 IBD patients, 32.1% patients followed up loss at least once. Lower educational status and low C reactive protein level increased the rate of follow up loss in IBD patients. Clinician takes an effort to help the patients with lower educational status or low C reactive protein level understand the disease and disease course to prevent follow up loss.

Slide Session : K-GIO-09 ; GI Oncology : Relationship Between Cholecystectomy and Gastrointestinal Cancer

( Sung Bum Kim ),( Kyeong Ok Kim ),( Ho Chan Lee ),( Se Hoon Sohn ),( Jae Hyun Park ),( Yo Han Jeong ),( Kook Hun Kim ),( Si Hyung Lee ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Bile acid has been suggested as carcinogen and studies have reported relationship between cholecystectomy and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. Aim of our study was to evaluate incidence of gastrointestinal cancer in patients who underwent cholecystectomy compared with general population. Methods: Patients who underwent cholecystectomy from Oct 1999 to Dec 2011 were included and patients diagnosed with GI cancer prior to cholecystectomy or within a one year of cholecystectomy were excluded. Their clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The incidence rate of each malignancy was compared with known incidence in general population from central cancer registry in Korea. Results: Total 5505 patients underwent cholecystectomy and malignancy of GI tract, including esophagus, stomach, pancreas and colorectum, was diagnosed in 43 cases. Among them, 19 patients had colorectal cancer, 17 patients, stomach cancer, 5 patients, esophageal cancer and 2 patients, pancreatic cancer. Incidence rate of stomach cancer was 121.8 per 100,000 person-years (63.1 per 100,000 person-years in general population). Mean interval of stomach cancer diagnosis from cholecystectomy was 6.1 ± 3.1 years. Early gastric cancer was diagnosed in 10 cases and the other 7 cases were advanced gastric cancer. Incidence rate of colorectal cancer was 135.9 per 100,000 person-years (56.1 per 100,000 person-years in general population). Mean interval of colorectal cancer from cholecystectomy was 3.7 ± 2.6 years. Right side colorectal cancer was more common than left side (16 vs 3). Standardized incidence ratio for stomach cancer was 1.0 and for colorectal cancer, 1.3. Incidence rate of esophageal cancer was 35.7 per 100,000 person-years and 14.3 per 100,000 person-years for pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: In our study, cholecystectomy showed 1.3 fold increase in the risk of colorectal cancer compared with general population. Further large scaled studies of relationship between cholecystectomy status and gastrointestinal cancer should be considered.

Poster Session : PS 0910 ; Lower GI Tract : The Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Pseudomembranous Colitis Between Young and Old Inpatients

( Ho Chan Lee ),( Kyeong Ok Kim ),( Se Hoon Sohn ),( Jae Hyun Park ),( Yo Han Jeong ),( Sung Bum Kim ),( Kook Hyun Kim ),( Si Hyung Lee ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Backgrounds: Advanced age is known as a risk factor of poor outcomes of colitis including pseudomembranous colitis(PMC). The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical outcomes of hospitalized case of pseudomembranous colitis between young and old patients. Methods: From Jan 2007 to Dec 2013, inpatients who were diagnosed as PMC were included and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The patient`s baseline- characteristics, clinical courses and outcomes were compared according to the age with the cutoff 65years. Results: Among total 241,391 inpatients during the study period, 217 patients(0.09%) had been diagnosed as PMC. Mean age of the patients was 67.4 years and 71 patients (32.7%) were younger than 65years old and the other 146 patients(67.3%) were older than 65years old. Mean age was 49.6 and 76.1 years in each groups and male to female ratio was 0.82 and 0.59 respectively. The Rt. colon involvement was more common in old age (21.2% vs 41.7%, p=0.042). Leukocytosis(40.8% vs 65.0%, p=0.001) and severe PMC scored above 3 points(77.5% vs 89.0%, p=0.024) was more common in old age. Failure to 1st line treatment was more common in old age(16(22.5%) vs 54(37.0%), p=0.033). As an initial treatment, use of vancomycin, instead of metronidazole was more frequent in old age(1(1.4%) vs 16(11.0%), p=0.014). Mean duration of NPO was 3.65 and 4.1days in each group (p=0.357). Recurrence rate did not show any signifi cant difference according to age 8.5% vs. 14.4% ,p=0.214). Conclusions: There was no difference symptom duration and recurrence rate between young and old PMC patients. However, severe colitis and failure to 1st line treatment was signifi cantly more common in old patients. We should consider more aggressive treatment at fi rst in PMC patients above 65years.

Is There Any Difference of Microorganism Between Past and Present in Acute Cholangitic Patients?

( Yo Han Jeong ),( Kyeong Ok Kim ),( Jay Song ),( Si Hyung Lee ),( Tae Nyeun Kim ),( Ho Chan Lee ),( Sung Bum Kim ),( Jae Hyun Park ),( Kook Hyun Kim ),( Byung Ik Jang ),( Se Hoon Sohn ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Recently, antibiotics resistant microorganism, particularly extended- spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms have been increased. Theaim of this study was to analyze the change of microorganism and origin of infection between past (2000-2006, group A) and present (2007-2013, group B) in patients with acute cholangitis. Methods: Of the acute cholangitic patients from Jan 2000 to Dec 2013, a systemic review of 896 patients having positive blood and/or bile culture (293 in group A vs. 603 in group B) was conducted retrospectively. They were further classifi ed into the two subgroups: community- and hospital-acquired infection. Bile culture was obtained via ENBD catheter. Results: In blood culture, the most common microorganism was E.coli [43.3% vs 41.8%] between group A and B. ESBL-producing E.coli was significantly higher in group B [13.6% vs 6.2%, p= 0.001]. The numbers of patients with bile culture-positive were 123 in group A and 196 in group B. In bile culture, the most common pathogen was E.coli [58.5% vs 45.4%] between group A and B. ESBL-producing E.coli was signifi cantly higher in group B [22.4% vs 4.8%, p=0.001]. The numbers of patients with community-acquired infection was higher than hospital-acquired infection (71.9% vs 28.9%, respectively). In community-acquired infection, ESBL-producing E.coli was signifi cantly higher in group B both in the blood culture [11.2% vs 5.6%, p=0.021] and in the bile culture [6.4% vs 2.3%, p=0.025]. In hospital-acquired infection, ESBL-producing E.coli was signifi cantly higher in group B both in the blood culture [19% vs 8.0%, p=0.028] and in the bile culture [9.2% vs 1.3%, p=0.023]. Conclusions: The numbers of ESBL-producing E.coli has been increased recently. The physicians must keep in mind that ESBL-producing E.coli is the causative pathogen in patients with acute cholangitis, irrespective of whether community or hospital-acquired infection.

Application of Resistive Type SFCL to Protect Bi-2223/Ag Tape Against AC Over-Currents

Seong-Woo Yim,Song-Ho Sohn,Si-Dole Hwang,Ok-Bae Hyun,Sung-Hun Lim,Kishio, K. IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.16 No.2

<P>Based on the electrical behavior of Bi-2223/Ag tape in transient state, the possibility of SFCL application was investigated as a fundamental study for the protection of HTS power apparatus. For the experiments, the Bi-2223/Ag tape having the critical current of 56 A and the resistive type SFCL fabricated using three elements of YBCO thin films were examined. When the applied current exceeds the rated current of the SFCL, the current was limited to sufficiently low level, however, higher than 40 Vrms was not allowed considering power density of SFCL. On the other hand, as a method to increase the power density, a shunt resister across the SFCL was adopted to increase the allowed power density. In this case, the results showed that the over current was limited below the safe range for HTS tape and the SFCL was safe, although 100 V<SUB>rms</SUB> was applied to the circuit. In conclusion, the switching power capacity of a SFCL could be increased by using a shunt resistor, and HTS tape could be protected safely within the quench margin</P>

Magnetic properties of randomly oriented cobalt nano dots prepared by an external laser irradiation process

Jung Yup Yang,Jin Pyo Hong,Chae Ok Kim,Hyun Jung Kim,Kap Soo Yoon,Seong Ki Min,Si Ok Sohn,Young Ho Do 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.1

Magnetic properties of randomly oriented ferromagnetic cobalt nano dots were investigated as a function of dot diameter. Polycrystalline Co thin lm of 1 3 nm was at rst grown on Si substrate by a magnetron sputtering method and then followed by an ultraviolet laser exposure on as-grown Co thin lm in order to produce Co nano dots with dierent diameters. The Co dot size, density, and spacing (distance between dot and nearby dots) was intentionally controlled by initial deposition thickness under optimum laser conditions. Magnetic hysteresis and angle-dependent magnetization of Co nano dots were measured with superconducting quantum interference devices, a vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic force microscopy. The observed results demonstrate that the coercivity, hysteresis loops, reversal mechanism and anisotropy properties were strongly in uenced by the exchange interaction with neighboring ferromagnetic nano dots.