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( Shiva Pathak ),( Biki Gupta ),( Bijay Kumar Poudel ),( Tuan Hiep Tran ),( Shibha Regmi ),( Tung Thanh Pham ),( Raj Kumar Thapa ),( Min Soo Kim ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Jee Heon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-
Tacrolimus-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro spheres (TAC-PLGA-M) can be administered for the long-term survival of transplanted organs due to their immunosuppressive activity. The purpose of our study was to optimize the parameters of the clcctrospray method, and to prepare T AC-PLGA-M with a high payload and desirable release properties. TAC-PLGA-M were prepared using the electrospray method. III vitro characterization and evaluation were performed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug-loading efficiency was greater than 80% in all formulations with a maximum loading capacity of 16.81±0.37%. XRD and DSC studies suggested that the drug was incorporated in an amorphous state or was molecularly dispersed in the microspheres. The ill vitro release study showed prolonged release patterns. TAC-PLGA-M with enhanced drug loading and prolonged-release patterns were successfully prepared using the electro-spray method.
Shiva Kumar,Jay Singh,Jogendra Siyag,Srikar Rambhatla 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.4
In hot climatic conditions, increased energy consumption toward cooling has led to the development of evaporative coolers. The performance of evaporative cooler depends on the various material and operating parameters. Type of material selected for cooling pad is the most important factor among them. In this study, various types of cooling pad materials have been discussed based on their potential benefits, influence on the cooling performance like characteristics wettability, porosity, water holding capacity and cost. It is seen that organic- and fiber-based materials have been extensively used, whereas the studies related to materials based on plastics and metals are limited. Ideal material properties to be possessed by a good pad material have been discussed. Prospects and future scope for further research have been identified. Hence, this review paper certainly throws some light on the selection criteria for a potential alternative evaporative cooling pad material that shows the maximum cooling performance and helps achieve sustainable cooling in buildings.
Shiva Kumar M.R,Srinath R,Vigneshwar K,Ravi Kumar B. 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.31 No.1
The aircraft industry supports aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance. Fuel economization is one of the biggest concerns in the aircraft industry. The reduction in specific fuel consumption of aircraft can be achieved by a variety of means, simplest and more effective is the one to impose minor modifications in the aircraft main wing or the parts which are exposed to the air flow. This method can lead to a reduction in aerodynamic resistance offered by the air and have a smoother flight. The main objective of this study is to propose geometric design modifications on an existing aircraft wing which acts as a vortex generator and it can reduce the drag and increase lift to drag ratio, leading to lower fuel consumption. The NACA 2412 aircraft wing is modified and designed. Rigorous flow analysis is carried out using computational fluid dynamics based software Ansys Fluent. Results show that saw tooth modification to the main wing shows the best aerodynamic efficiency as compared to other modifications.
Analysis of ammonium nitrate detonation destruction in Beirut city using geospatial techniques
Shiva Kumar,Ashvin Wickramasooriya,Sathya Dilini 대한공간정보학회 2022 Spatial Information Research Vol.30 No.6
Applications of geospatial techniques plays an important role in disaster management and mitigation. This study focuses to analyze how can geospatial technology could have been utilized to minimize the destruction created by the Ammonium Nitrate detonation in Beirut city. Firstly, the disaster impacts on the build-up area were demarcated using Google Earth-based survey, Remote Sensing, and ArcGIS applications. According to the analysis, it was identified that the Ammonium Nitrate detonation incident in the Beirut port has extensively damaged the built-up area within a 2 km buffer zone from the explosion. Among them, fully demolished constructions are bounded to a 1 km buffer area while partially damage and less damage to buildings were encompassed within 5 km from the epicenter of the incident. The Quantity Distance Mapping Tool results depicted more as similar results to the results obtained through the aforementioned geospatial techniques in post-disaster impact analysis. Therefore, proper planning to locate built-up areas considering vulnerable places away from the possible disaster-induced location utilizing spatial techniques like Quantity Distance Mapping Tool would be more effective in pre-disaster preparedness as we all live in a hidden catastrophic environment. Thus, lessons learned from this Ammonium Nitrate detonation incident of the Beirut city, especially the importance of risk assessment and adherence to precaution measures are needed in any chemical operation sites as well as chemical storing sites.
A Study on Unfolding Asymmetric Volatility: A Case Study of National Stock Exchange in India
Ravi Kumar SAMINENI,Raja Babu PUPPALA,Syamsundar KULAPATHI,Shiva Kumar MADAPATHI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
The study aims to find the asymmetric effect in National Stock Exchange in which the Nifty50 is considered as proxy for NSE. A return can be stated as the change in value of a security over a certain time period. Volatility is the rate of change in security value. It is an arithmetical assessment of the dispersion of yields of security prices. Stock prices are extremely unpredictable and make the investment in equities risky. Predicting volatility and modeling are the most profuse areas to explore. The current study describes the association between two variables, namely, stock yields and volatility in equity market in India. The volatility is measured by employing asymmetric GARCH technique, i.e., the EGARCH (1,1) tool, which was used in building the study. The closing prices of Nifty on day-to-day basis were used for analysis from the period 2011 to 2020 with 2,478 observations in the study. The model arrests the lopsided volatility during the mentioned period. The outcome of asymmetric GARCH model revealed the subsistence of leverage effect in the index and confirms the impact of conditional variance as well. Furthermore, the EGARCH technique was evidenced to be apt in seizure of unsymmetrical volatility.
Singh, Shiva Pratap,Natesan, Ramachandran,Sharma, Nandini,Goel, Anil Kumar,Singh, Manoj Kumar,Kharche, Suresh Dinkar Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1
Objective: This study was conducted to assess the level of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in whole and skim milk samples, and its suitability for early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Methods: A two-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for estimation of milk PAG was developed and validated, which employed caprine-PAG specific polyclonal antisera. Whole and skim milk samples (n = 210 each) from fifteen multiparous goats were collected on alternate days from d 10 to d 30, and thereafter weekly till d 51 post-mating. PAG levels in milk samples were estimated by ELISA and the pregnancies were confirmed at d40 post-mating by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Results: The level of PAG in whole and skim milk samples of both pregnant and nonpregnant goats remained below the threshold values until d 24 after mating. Thereafter, PAG concentration in whole and skim milk increased steadily in pregnant goats, whereas it continued below the threshold in non-pregnant does. The PAG profiles in whole and skim milk of pregnant goats were almost similar and exhibited strong positive relationship (r = 0.891; p<0.001). Day 26 post-mating was identified as the first time-point for significantly (p<0.05) higher milk PAG concentration in pregnant goats than to non-pregnant goats. When compared to TRUS examination for pregnancy diagnosis, the accuracy and specificity of PAG ELISA using whole and skim milk samples were 94.5% and 95.4%; and 95.3% and 100%, respectively. The high values of area-under-curve (0.904 [whole milk] and 0.922 [skim milk]), demonstrate outstanding discrimination ability of the milk assays. Among the sampling dates chosen, d 37 post-mating was identified as the best suitable time point for collection of milk samples to detect pregnancy in goats. Conclusion: The PAG concentration in whole and skim milk of goats collected between days 26 and 51 post-breeding can be used for the accurate prediction of pregnancy and may be useful for assisting management decisions in goat flocks.
Poudel, Bijay Kumar,Gupta, Biki,Ramasamy, Thiruganesh,Thapa, Raj Kumar,Pathak, Shiva,Oh, Kyung Taek,Jeong, Jee-Heon,Choi, Han-Gon,Yong, Chul Soon,Kim, Jong Oh Elsevier 2017 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.160 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pancreatic cancer has extremely poor prognosis with an 85% mortality rate that results from aggressive and asymptomatic growth, high metastatic potential, and rapid development of resistance to already ineffective chemotherapy. In this study, plasmonic hollow gold nanoshells (GNS) coated with PEGylated thermosensitive lipids were prepared as an efficient platform to ratiometrically co-deliver two drugs, bortezomib and gemcitabine (GNS-L/GB), for combinational chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of pancreatic cancer. Bortezomib was loaded within the lipid bilayers, while gemcitabine was loaded into the hydrophilic interior of the porous GNS via an ammonium sulfate-driven pH gradient method. Physicochemical characterizations and biological studies of GNS-L/GB were performed, with the latter using cytotoxicity assays, cellular uptake and apoptosis assays, live/dead assays, and western blot analysis of pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1). The nanoshells showed remotely controllable drug release when exposed to near-infrared laser for site-specific delivery. GNS-L/GB showed synergistic cytotoxicity and improved internalization by cancer cells. High-powered near-infrared continuous wave laser (λ=808nm) effectively killed cancer cells via the photothermal effect of GNS-L/GB, irrespective of cell type in a power density-, time-, and GNS dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that this method can provide a novel approach to achieve synergistic combinational chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, even with resistant pancreatic cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PEGylated thermosensitive lipid-coated hollow gold nanoshells (GNS-L) were prepared. </LI> <LI> GNS-L were co-loaded with hydrophilic gemcitabine and hydrophobic bortezomib. </LI> <LI> NIR irradiation induced drug release for remotely controlled site-specific delivery. </LI> <LI> GNS-L increased cellular uptake and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. </LI> <LI> Direct photothermal killing of cancer cells was observed on NIR laser irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Diffusive and stochastic analysis of Lokta-Volterra model with bifurcation
C.V. Pavan Kumar,G. Ranjith Kumar,Kalyan Das,K. Shiva Reddy,Md. Haider Ali Biswas 한국전산응용수학회 2023 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.41 No.1
The paper presents a critical analysis of selected topics related to the modeling of interacting species in which prey has nonlinear reproduction, which is in competition with predator. The mathematical model's stochastic stability is investigated. The method of designing appropriate Lyapunov functions is used to identify permanence conditions among the parameters of the model and conditions for the structure to no longer be extinct. The system's two-dimensional diffusive stability is regarded and studied. The system experiences the process of saddle-node bifurcation by varying the death rate of predator parameter. Further effects of parameters that undergo inherent oscillations are numerically investigated, revealing that as the intensity of predation parameter b is increased, the device encounters non-periodic and damped oscillations.